Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Impressions of International Higher Education Alumni about Turkish Language and Turkey in the Context of Big and Small Cities / Büyük ve Küçük Şehir Bağlamında Uluslararası Yükseköğretim Mezunlarının Türkiye ve Türkçe İzlenimleri

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 1 - 19, 31.10.2021

Sümeyye Konuk

https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.924649
Cited By: 2

Abstract

In the last three years, in terms of the presence of international students in higher education, Turkey has become one of the top 10 countries in the world. This study aims at finding the reasons that make Turkey attractive for international students. With this aim, (1) reasons for country choice, (2) reasons for city choice, (3) Turkish learning experiences and (4) advantages and disadvantages of social and educational life experienced by alumni were investigated comparatively in the context of a big city and a small city. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with 42 international alumni who had completed their studies in Turkey and went back to their countries. The results indicated that scholarships supported by the Turkish state had the highest popularity in attracting international student mobility. The other reasons for selecting Turkey were educational opportunities, religious affinity, cultural affinity, and inexpensiveness. Istanbul was perceived as a crowded city that provides space for individual freedom and plenty of personal development, while Edirne was perceived as an inexpensive and calm city, and this calmness made internationals stand out. The alumni who studied in Turkish-medium departments stated negative opinions about the quality of Turkish language teaching and teachers at language preparation classes, while the alumni who studied in English-medium departments found Turkish teaching sufficient. While learning the Turkish language, the alumni had problems with Turkish suffixes, vocalizing letters like ü and ö, diffidence, inability to develop ideas because of thinking about how to say things, and limited mobile application material support. The advantages and disadvantages of social and educational life and other results of the study were discussed in the context of the international literature.

Keywords

Turkish as a foreign language International students Higher education Turkey

References

  • Abegaz, M., Lahiri, S., & Morshedb, A.K.M.M. (2020). Does the presence of international students improve domestic graduations in the US? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 75, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.008
  • Adoum, S. Y. (2017). Determining of burn-out level for local and foreigner students in Süleyman Demi̇rel University (Unpublished master’s thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Akgedik, M. (2019). Experiences, problems, and solution offers of international students upon their adaptation year (Unpublished master’s thesis). Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Akıl, Ö. (2018). A sociological study on foreign students studying at the Cumhuriyet University (Unpublished master’s thesis). Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). A Conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research. BEÜ SBE Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitlissos/issue/38061/399955
  • Bayatlı, E. (2019). Relationship between physical activity level and depression and anxiety in pre- undergraduate students in Edirne (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
  • Billedo, C. J., Kerkhof, P., & Finkenauer, C. (2020). More Facebook, less homesick? Investigating the short-term and long-term reciprocal relations of interactions, homesickness, and adjustment among international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 75, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.01.004
  • Brown, L. & Jones, I. (2013). Encounters with racism and the international student experience. Studies in Higher Education, 38(7), 1004-1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.614940
  • Brunsting, N. C., Zachry, C., & Takeuchic, R. (2018). Predictors of undergraduate international student psychosocial adjustment to US universities: A systematic review from 2009-2018. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 66, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.06.002
  • Büyükikiz, K. (2014). An investigation on graduate dissertations written on Turkish teaching as a foreign language. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(25), 203-213. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/183334
  • Choudaha R. (2017). Three waves of international student mobility (1999–2020). Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 825-832. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293872
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Demir, D. (2017). Academic Turkish needs of international students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dumanlı-Kadızade, E. (2015). Teaching Turkish as a foreign language by mobile phone application, The Journal of Academic Social Science, 3(10), 742-752. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.574
  • Ercan, A. (2019). Adaptation of international students in higher education in Turkey: The sample of Muğla (Unpublished master’s thesis). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
  • Erkan, S., Özbay, Y., Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. & Terzi, Ş. (2012). University students’ problem areas and psychological help-seeking willingness. Education and Science, 37(164), 94-107. http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/402
  • França, T., Alves, E., & Padilla, B. (2018). Portuguese policies fostering international student mobility: A colonial legacy or a new strategy? Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(3), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1457431
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2005). Educational research: An introduction (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Güngör, F. & Şenel, E. A. (2018). Teachers and students view in problems of the foreign primary school students in education process encountered, Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 8(2), 124-173. doı: 10.18039/ajesi.454575
  • Guo, Y. & Guo, S. (2017). Focus understanding the international student experience internationalization of Canadian higher education: Discrepancies between policies and international student experiences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 851-868. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293874
  • Gürez, M. F. (2018). Üniversite öğrenci harcamalarının analizi ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar hakkında bir araştırma: Şanlıurfa örneği (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
  • Hou, C. & Du, D. (2020). The changing patterns of international student mobility: A network perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1797476.
  • Hou, C., Fan, P., Du, D., Gui, Q., & Duan, D. (2020). Does international student mobility foster scientific collaboration? Evidence from a network analysis. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1765316
  • Jones, E. (2017). Problematising and reimagining the notion of ‘international student experience’. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 933-943. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293880
  • Kacur, M. & Atak, M. (2011). Problems fields of university students and cope with the problems: Erciyes University sample. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31(2), 273-297. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erusosbilder/issue/23765/253325
  • Kalfa, M. (2015). Subject field competency analysis of teachers of Turkish as a foreign language. Education and Science, 40(181), 241-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3064
  • Karuppan, C. M. & Barari, M. (2010). Perceived discrimination and international students' learning: an empirical investigation. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(1) 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2011.537013
  • Kim, J. (2020). International students’ intercultural sensitivity in their academic socialisation to a non-English-speaking higher education: A Korean case study. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(7), 939-955. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1627298
  • Kölbel, A. (2018). Imaginative geographies of international student mobility. Social & Cultural Geography, 21(1), 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2018.1460861
  • Konyar, M. (2019). Academic Turkish needs analysis of the international students: Sample course content (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
  • Levent, F. & Çayak, S. (2017). School administrators’ views on Syrian students’ education in Turkey. HAYEF Journal of Education, 14(1), 21-46. https://www.hayefjournal.org/Content/files/sayilar/64/21.pdf
  • Lomer, S. (2018). UK policy discourses and international student mobility: the deterrence and subjectification of international students. Globalisation, Societies and Education Volume 16(3), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2017.1414584
  • Merriam, S. B. & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mok, H., Xiong, W., Kea, G., & Cheung, J. O. W. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic on international higher education and student mobility: Student perspectives from mainland China and Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101718
  • Özçakmak, H. (2017). New trends of the postgraduate research on Turkish language education (2011-2015). Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 1607-1618. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/351121
  • Özkan, F. (2019). Satisfaction levels of international students studying in the faculties of theology in Turkey (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Özkan, G. & Acar Güvendir, M. (2015). Living conditions of international students: a sample of Kırklareli and Trakya universities, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 174- 190. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2015.15.1-5000128601
  • Pang, H. & Wang, J. (2020). Promoting or prohibiting: Understanding the influence of social media on international students’ acculturation process, coping strategies, and psychological consequences. Telematics and Informatics, 54, 101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101454
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualiative evaluation and research methots (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Quan, R., He, X. & Sloan, D. (2016). Examining Chinese postgraduate students’ academic adjustment in the UK higher education sector: a process-based stage model. Teaching in Higher Education Critical Perspectives, 21 (3): 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1144585
  • Quinton, W. J. (2020). So close and yet so far? Predictors of international students’ socialization with host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.003
  • Ramia, G. (2017). Higher education institutions and the administration of international student rights: a law and policy analysis. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5) 911-924. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293878
  • Riaño, Y., Mol, C. V., & Raghuram, P. (2018). New directions in studying policies of international student mobility and migration. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(3), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1478721
  • Sadık, E. (2017). Problems of international student mobility in the globalization process: Example of the Kosovar students in Turkey (Unpublished master’s thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroglu, F., & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.11.003
  • Saravanan, C., Mohamad, M., & Alias, A. (2019). Coping strategies used by international students who recovered from homesickness and depression in Malaysia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 68, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.11.003
  • Sarmini, I., Topçu, E., & Scharbrodt, O. (2020). Open Integrating Syrian refugee children in Turkey: The role of Turkish language skills (A case study in Gaziantep). International Journal of Educational Research, 1, 100007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100007
  • Schartner, A. & Young, T. J. (2016). Towards an integrated conceptual model of international student adjustment and adaptation. European Journal of Higher Education 6(4), 372-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2016.1201775
  • Sefer, A. & Benzer, A. (2020). Listening skill with a holistic approach in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. International Journal of Language Academy, 8(3), 123-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ijla.42254
  • Shi, Y., Lukomskyj, N., & Allman-Farinelli, M. (2020). Food access, dietary acculturation, and food insecurity among international tertiary education students: A scoping review. Nutrition, 111100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.111100
  • Shu, F., Ahmed, S. F., Pickett, M. L., Ayman, R., & McAbee, S. T. (2020). Social support perceptions, network characteristics, and international student adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.11.002
  • Şimşir, Z. & Dilmaç. B. (2018). Problems teachers' face and solution proposals in the schools where the foreign students are educated. Elementary Education Online, 17(3), 1719-1737. doi 10.17051/ilkonline.2018.419647
  • Solak, E. M. (2019). Speaking anxiety of international students learning Turkish as a second language (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
  • Southgate, A. N. J. (2020). Preparation of undergraduate health and care students from the United Kingdom for an international learning experience in Japan: A phenomenological study. Nurse Education Today, 104649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104649
  • Szabó, A., Zsuzsanna, Z. P., & Luu, L. A. N. (2020). Social contact configurations of international students at school and outside of school: Implications for acculturation orientations and psychological adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 77, 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.05.001
  • Taylan, Ş. (2019). Problems of international students in Sakarya University (Unpublished master’s thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
  • Temel, B. (2019). Non-Turkish speaking students' opinions about learning Turkish (Unpublished master’s thesis). Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Turkish Higher Education Institution (2020). International student statistics. Ankara. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ Accessed January 4, 2021.
  • Uçar, T. (2019). Classification and evaluation of mobile applications for learning Turkish as a foreign language and students' opinions regarding their benefits (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • UNESCO (2018). Global flow of tertiary-level students. Paris. Retrieved from http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow Accessed January 4, 2021.
  • Van der Mescht, H. (2004). Phenomenology in education: A case study in educational leadership. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 4(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20797222.2004.11433887
  • Yardımcıoğlu, F, Beşel, F, Savaşan, F. (2017). Socio-economic problems of international students and some remedies (Sakarya university case). Journal of Academic Inquiries (AID), 12 (1), 203-254. DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.308940
  • Xiao, S. L., Yang, Z. X., & Bernardo, A. B. I. (2019). Polyculturalism and cultural adjustment of international students: exploring the moderating role of cultural distance in a quantitative cross-sectional survey study. Cogent Psychology 6 (1). 1682767. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1682767
  • Zhang, Z., Tan, S., Wignell, P., & O'Halloran, K. (2020). Addressing international students on Australian and Chinese university webpages: A comparative study. Discourse, Context & Media, 36, 100403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100403

Büyük ve Küçük Şehir Bağlamında Uluslararası Yükseköğretim Mezunlarının Türkiye ve Türkçe İzlenimleri / The Impressions of the Higher Education International Graduates for Turkish Language and Turkey in The Context of Big and Small City

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 1 - 19, 31.10.2021

Sümeyye Konuk

https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.924649
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Son üç yıldır Türkiye, yükseköğretimde uluslararası öğrencilerin varlığı açısından dünyanın ilk 10 ülkesinden biri hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'yi uluslararası öğrenciler için cazip kılan olası nedenleri bulmak için uluslararası mezunların (1) ülke seçimi nedenleri (2) şehir seçimi nedenleri (3) Türkçe öğrenme deneyimleri, (4) mezunların sosyal ve eğitim hayatlarında yaşadığı avantaj ve dezavantajları büyük ve küçük bir şehir bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak ele almıştır. Veriler Türkiye'de eğitimini tamamlayıp ülkelerine dönen 42 uluslararası mezun ile görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Türkiye tarafından desteklenen bursların uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğini çekmede en büyük paya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Mezunların Türkiye seçiminin diğer nedenleri ise eğitim olanakları, dini yakınlık, kültürel yakınlık ve ucuzluktur. Mezunlar tarafından İstanbul bireysel özgürlüğe, kişisel gelişime alan açan kalabalık bir şehir olarak algılanırken, Edirne ucuz ve sakin bir şehir olarak algılanmakta ve bu sakinlik uluslararası bireyleri ön plana çıkarabilmektedir. Eğitim dili Türkçe olan bölümlerde öğrenim gömüş mezunlar hazırlık sınıflarındaki Türkçe öğretimi ve öğretmenlerin niteliği hakkında olumsuz görüşler belirtirken, eğitim dili İngilizce olan bölümlerden mezun olanlar olumlu görüş bildirerek Türkçe öğretimini yeterli bulmuşlardır. Dil öğrenirken, mezunlar Türkçe ekler, ü ve ö gibi harfleri seslendirme, çekingenlik, nasıl söyleneceğini düşünmekten dolayı fikir geliştirememe ve sınırlı mobil uygulamadan kaynaklı materyal eksikliği sorunları yaşamışlardır. Uluslararası mezunların sosyal ve eğitim hayatlarında yaşadığı avantaj ve dezavantajlar ile çalışmanın diğer sonuçları uluslararası literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi Uluslararası öğrenciler Yükseköğretim Türkiye

References

  • Abegaz, M., Lahiri, S., & Morshedb, A.K.M.M. (2020). Does the presence of international students improve domestic graduations in the US? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 75, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.008
  • Adoum, S. Y. (2017). Determining of burn-out level for local and foreigner students in Süleyman Demi̇rel University (Unpublished master’s thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
  • Akgedik, M. (2019). Experiences, problems, and solution offers of international students upon their adaptation year (Unpublished master’s thesis). Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Akıl, Ö. (2018). A sociological study on foreign students studying at the Cumhuriyet University (Unpublished master’s thesis). Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). A Conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research. BEÜ SBE Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitlissos/issue/38061/399955
  • Bayatlı, E. (2019). Relationship between physical activity level and depression and anxiety in pre- undergraduate students in Edirne (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
  • Billedo, C. J., Kerkhof, P., & Finkenauer, C. (2020). More Facebook, less homesick? Investigating the short-term and long-term reciprocal relations of interactions, homesickness, and adjustment among international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 75, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.01.004
  • Brown, L. & Jones, I. (2013). Encounters with racism and the international student experience. Studies in Higher Education, 38(7), 1004-1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.614940
  • Brunsting, N. C., Zachry, C., & Takeuchic, R. (2018). Predictors of undergraduate international student psychosocial adjustment to US universities: A systematic review from 2009-2018. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 66, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.06.002
  • Büyükikiz, K. (2014). An investigation on graduate dissertations written on Turkish teaching as a foreign language. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(25), 203-213. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/183334
  • Choudaha R. (2017). Three waves of international student mobility (1999–2020). Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 825-832. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293872
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Demir, D. (2017). Academic Turkish needs of international students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Dumanlı-Kadızade, E. (2015). Teaching Turkish as a foreign language by mobile phone application, The Journal of Academic Social Science, 3(10), 742-752. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.574
  • Ercan, A. (2019). Adaptation of international students in higher education in Turkey: The sample of Muğla (Unpublished master’s thesis). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
  • Erkan, S., Özbay, Y., Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. & Terzi, Ş. (2012). University students’ problem areas and psychological help-seeking willingness. Education and Science, 37(164), 94-107. http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/402
  • França, T., Alves, E., & Padilla, B. (2018). Portuguese policies fostering international student mobility: A colonial legacy or a new strategy? Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(3), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1457431
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2005). Educational research: An introduction (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Güngör, F. & Şenel, E. A. (2018). Teachers and students view in problems of the foreign primary school students in education process encountered, Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 8(2), 124-173. doı: 10.18039/ajesi.454575
  • Guo, Y. & Guo, S. (2017). Focus understanding the international student experience internationalization of Canadian higher education: Discrepancies between policies and international student experiences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 851-868. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293874
  • Gürez, M. F. (2018). Üniversite öğrenci harcamalarının analizi ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar hakkında bir araştırma: Şanlıurfa örneği (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
  • Hou, C. & Du, D. (2020). The changing patterns of international student mobility: A network perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1797476.
  • Hou, C., Fan, P., Du, D., Gui, Q., & Duan, D. (2020). Does international student mobility foster scientific collaboration? Evidence from a network analysis. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1765316
  • Jones, E. (2017). Problematising and reimagining the notion of ‘international student experience’. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5), 933-943. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293880
  • Kacur, M. & Atak, M. (2011). Problems fields of university students and cope with the problems: Erciyes University sample. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31(2), 273-297. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erusosbilder/issue/23765/253325
  • Kalfa, M. (2015). Subject field competency analysis of teachers of Turkish as a foreign language. Education and Science, 40(181), 241-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3064
  • Karuppan, C. M. & Barari, M. (2010). Perceived discrimination and international students' learning: an empirical investigation. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(1) 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2011.537013
  • Kim, J. (2020). International students’ intercultural sensitivity in their academic socialisation to a non-English-speaking higher education: A Korean case study. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(7), 939-955. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1627298
  • Kölbel, A. (2018). Imaginative geographies of international student mobility. Social & Cultural Geography, 21(1), 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2018.1460861
  • Konyar, M. (2019). Academic Turkish needs analysis of the international students: Sample course content (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
  • Levent, F. & Çayak, S. (2017). School administrators’ views on Syrian students’ education in Turkey. HAYEF Journal of Education, 14(1), 21-46. https://www.hayefjournal.org/Content/files/sayilar/64/21.pdf
  • Lomer, S. (2018). UK policy discourses and international student mobility: the deterrence and subjectification of international students. Globalisation, Societies and Education Volume 16(3), 308-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2017.1414584
  • Merriam, S. B. & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mok, H., Xiong, W., Kea, G., & Cheung, J. O. W. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic on international higher education and student mobility: Student perspectives from mainland China and Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 101718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101718
  • Özçakmak, H. (2017). New trends of the postgraduate research on Turkish language education (2011-2015). Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 1607-1618. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/351121
  • Özkan, F. (2019). Satisfaction levels of international students studying in the faculties of theology in Turkey (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • Özkan, G. & Acar Güvendir, M. (2015). Living conditions of international students: a sample of Kırklareli and Trakya universities, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 174- 190. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2015.15.1-5000128601
  • Pang, H. & Wang, J. (2020). Promoting or prohibiting: Understanding the influence of social media on international students’ acculturation process, coping strategies, and psychological consequences. Telematics and Informatics, 54, 101454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101454
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualiative evaluation and research methots (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Quan, R., He, X. & Sloan, D. (2016). Examining Chinese postgraduate students’ academic adjustment in the UK higher education sector: a process-based stage model. Teaching in Higher Education Critical Perspectives, 21 (3): 326-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1144585
  • Quinton, W. J. (2020). So close and yet so far? Predictors of international students’ socialization with host nationals. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.003
  • Ramia, G. (2017). Higher education institutions and the administration of international student rights: a law and policy analysis. Studies in Higher Education, 42(5) 911-924. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1293878
  • Riaño, Y., Mol, C. V., & Raghuram, P. (2018). New directions in studying policies of international student mobility and migration. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 16(3), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2018.1478721
  • Sadık, E. (2017). Problems of international student mobility in the globalization process: Example of the Kosovar students in Turkey (Unpublished master’s thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroglu, F., & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.11.003
  • Saravanan, C., Mohamad, M., & Alias, A. (2019). Coping strategies used by international students who recovered from homesickness and depression in Malaysia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 68, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.11.003
  • Sarmini, I., Topçu, E., & Scharbrodt, O. (2020). Open Integrating Syrian refugee children in Turkey: The role of Turkish language skills (A case study in Gaziantep). International Journal of Educational Research, 1, 100007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2020.100007
  • Schartner, A. & Young, T. J. (2016). Towards an integrated conceptual model of international student adjustment and adaptation. European Journal of Higher Education 6(4), 372-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2016.1201775
  • Sefer, A. & Benzer, A. (2020). Listening skill with a holistic approach in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. International Journal of Language Academy, 8(3), 123-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ijla.42254
  • Shi, Y., Lukomskyj, N., & Allman-Farinelli, M. (2020). Food access, dietary acculturation, and food insecurity among international tertiary education students: A scoping review. Nutrition, 111100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.111100
  • Shu, F., Ahmed, S. F., Pickett, M. L., Ayman, R., & McAbee, S. T. (2020). Social support perceptions, network characteristics, and international student adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.11.002
  • Şimşir, Z. & Dilmaç. B. (2018). Problems teachers' face and solution proposals in the schools where the foreign students are educated. Elementary Education Online, 17(3), 1719-1737. doi 10.17051/ilkonline.2018.419647
  • Solak, E. M. (2019). Speaking anxiety of international students learning Turkish as a second language (Unpublished master’s thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
  • Southgate, A. N. J. (2020). Preparation of undergraduate health and care students from the United Kingdom for an international learning experience in Japan: A phenomenological study. Nurse Education Today, 104649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104649
  • Szabó, A., Zsuzsanna, Z. P., & Luu, L. A. N. (2020). Social contact configurations of international students at school and outside of school: Implications for acculturation orientations and psychological adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 77, 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.05.001
  • Taylan, Ş. (2019). Problems of international students in Sakarya University (Unpublished master’s thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
  • Temel, B. (2019). Non-Turkish speaking students' opinions about learning Turkish (Unpublished master’s thesis). Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Turkish Higher Education Institution (2020). International student statistics. Ankara. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ Accessed January 4, 2021.
  • Uçar, T. (2019). Classification and evaluation of mobile applications for learning Turkish as a foreign language and students' opinions regarding their benefits (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.
  • UNESCO (2018). Global flow of tertiary-level students. Paris. Retrieved from http://uis.unesco.org/en/uis-student-flow Accessed January 4, 2021.
  • Van der Mescht, H. (2004). Phenomenology in education: A case study in educational leadership. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 4(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20797222.2004.11433887
  • Yardımcıoğlu, F, Beşel, F, Savaşan, F. (2017). Socio-economic problems of international students and some remedies (Sakarya university case). Journal of Academic Inquiries (AID), 12 (1), 203-254. DOI: 10.17550/akademikincelemeler.308940
  • Xiao, S. L., Yang, Z. X., & Bernardo, A. B. I. (2019). Polyculturalism and cultural adjustment of international students: exploring the moderating role of cultural distance in a quantitative cross-sectional survey study. Cogent Psychology 6 (1). 1682767. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1682767
  • Zhang, Z., Tan, S., Wignell, P., & O'Halloran, K. (2020). Addressing international students on Australian and Chinese university webpages: A comparative study. Discourse, Context & Media, 36, 100403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100403
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Issue Articles
Authors

Sümeyye Konuk 0000-0003-0896-0711

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Konuk, S. (2021). The Impressions of International Higher Education Alumni about Turkish Language and Turkey in the Context of Big and Small Cities / Büyük ve Küçük Şehir Bağlamında Uluslararası Yükseköğretim Mezunlarının Türkiye ve Türkçe İzlenimleri. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.924649

Cited By

Cultural awareness in Turkish teaching to foreigners
RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146525
İkinci Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğrenenlerin Yaşadıkları Şehir ve Aldıkları Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri
Trakya Eğitim Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1086698
 Download Cover Image

Creative Commons Lisansı
This journal uses a CC BY-NC-SA license.


[email protected]                http://www.e-ijer.com    Address: Ege University Faculty of Education İzmir/Türkiye