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Determination of Secondary School Students' Levels of Sensitivity towards Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Behaviour

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 70 - 89, 01.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.4.8.1

Öz

The development of technology and especially the changes and innovations experienced in the development of mobile technologies have increased the use of such technological devices in the society. Mobile technologies and smart phones among them have positive effects both in social life and academic life, as well as situations that cause some negative use as a result of intensive use of such technologies. Cyberbullying behaviour, which aims to harm others' lives by using technological devices, comes to the forefront among these problems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate engagement in cyberbullying behaviour and the sensitivity towards cyberbullying, which is a common behaviour especially among secondary school students. The study was carried out with 747 secondary school students studying in the 5th and 6th grades of public schools in the fall term of the 2019-2020 academic year. “Cyberbullying Scale” and “Sensitivity towards Cyberbullying Scale” were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H and Spearman rho tests were used to evaluate the data that were found not to show normal distribution. As a result of the study, it was determined that the students' levels of engagement in cyberbullying behaviour were “low”, whereas their sensitivity levels towards cyberbullying were “high”. In the study, it was revealed that the difference between students' engaging in cyberbullying behaviour and their sensitivity towards cyberbullying in terms of gender and grade variables, and the difference between their cyberbullying sensitivity levels and mother education level, father education level, computer ownership, tablet ownership variables, were found to be significant. However, it was determined that there was a negative and moderate relationship between their cyberbullying behaviour and their sensitivity towards cyberbullying.

Kaynakça

  • Aizenkot, D., & Kashy-Rosenbaum, G. (2019). Cyberbullying victimization in WhatsApp classmate groups among Israeli elementary, middle, and high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-22. doi:10.1177/0886260519842860
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  • Antoniadou, N., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2018). Empathy in traditional and cyber bullying/victimization involvement from early to middle adolescence: A cross sectional study. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 8(1), 153-161. ISSN 1927-0526
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  • Balaban Salı, J., Ergün Başak, B., & Baştürk Akça, E. (2015). Türkiye'de ortaokul öğrencileri arasında siber zorbalık [Cyberbullying among Middle School Students in Turkey]. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 5(2), 109-130.
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  • Baştürk Akça, E., Sayımer, İ., & Ergül, S. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımları ve siber zorbalık deneyimleri: Ankara örneği [Middle school students' social media use and their cyberbullying experience: A case study from Ankara]. Global Media Journal TR Edition, 5(10), 71-86.
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  • Beale, A. V., & Hall, K. R. (2020). Cyberbullying: What school administrators (and parents) can do? The Clearing House, 81(1), 8-12.
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 70 - 89, 01.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.4.8.1

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aizenkot, D., & Kashy-Rosenbaum, G. (2019). Cyberbullying victimization in WhatsApp classmate groups among Israeli elementary, middle, and high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-22. doi:10.1177/0886260519842860
  • Akbaba, S., & Eroğlu, Y. (2013). İlköğretim öğrencilerinde siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yordayıcıları [The predictors of cyberbullying and cybervictimization in elemantary school students]. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Education, 26(1), 105-121.
  • Alotaibi, N. B. (2019). Cyber bullying and the expected consequences on the students' academic achievement. IEEE Access, 7, 153417-153431.
  • Altundağ, Y., & Ayas, T. (2020). Lise rehber öğretmenlerine yönelik tüm okul yaklaşımına dayalı sanal zorbalıkla başa çıkma stratejileri ve sanal zorba farkındalığını kazandırma [Effectiveness of the whole school-based program for equipping high school counselors with strategies of coping with cyberbullying and cyberbullying awareness]. Education and Science, 45(201), 109-123 doi:10.15390/EB.2020.8350
  • Antoniadou, N., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2018). Empathy in traditional and cyber bullying/victimization involvement from early to middle adolescence: A cross sectional study. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 8(1), 153-161. ISSN 1927-0526
  • Arıcak, O. T. (2011). Siber zorbalık: Gençlerimizi bekleyen yeni tehlike [Cyberbullying: The new danger waiting for adolescent]. Career Window, 2(6), 10-12.
  • Arıcak, O. T., Kınay, H. ve Tanrıkulu, T. (2012). Siber Zorbalık Ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 17(1), 101-114.
  • Arıcak, O. T., & Özbay, A. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between cyberbullying, cybervictimization, alexithymia and anger expression styles among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 278-285.
  • Balaban Salı, J., Ergün Başak, B., & Baştürk Akça, E. (2015). Türkiye'de ortaokul öğrencileri arasında siber zorbalık [Cyberbullying among Middle School Students in Turkey]. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 5(2), 109-130.
  • Balakrishnan, V. (2015). Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender, age and Internet frequency. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 149-157.
  • Baştürk Akça, E., Sayımer, İ., & Ergül, S. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanımları ve siber zorbalık deneyimleri: Ankara örneği [Middle school students' social media use and their cyberbullying experience: A case study from Ankara]. Global Media Journal TR Edition, 5(10), 71-86.
  • Batmaz, M., & Ayas, T. (2013). İlköğretim ikinci kademeki öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorbalık düzeylerinin yordanması [Predicting the cyber bullying levels of students in second stage of primary school according to psychological symptoms]. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3(1), 43-53.
  • Bauman, S., & Baldasare, A. (2015). Cyber aggression among college students: Demographic differences, predictors of distress, and the role of the university. Journal of College Student Development, 56(4), 317-330. doi:10.1353/csd.2015.0039
  • Beale, A. V., & Hall, K. R. (2020). Cyberbullying: What school administrators (and parents) can do? The Clearing House, 81(1), 8-12.
  • Belsey, (2015). Bullying, cyberbullying, education, presentations, technology. Retrieved om 3 March 2020 from http://www.billbelsey.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Presentation_ Descriptions.pdf. Bingöl, N., & Tanrıkulu, T. (2014). Siber zorba ve mağdur olma ile algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [The analysis of the relationship between being cyberbullying and cyber victim with the level of the perceived social support]. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 43, ISSN:1694-528X.
  • Chan, H.C.O., & Wong, D.S.W. (2019). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying perpetration: Examining the psychosocial characteristics of Hong Kong male and female adolescents. Youth & Society, 51(1), 3–29.
  • Chibbaro, J. S. (2007). School counsellors and the cyberbully: Interventions and implications. Professional School Counseling, 11(1), 65-68.
  • Cross, D., Shaw, T., Hadwen, K., Cardoso, P., Slee, P., Roberts, C., Thomas, L., & Barnes, A. (2016). Longitudinal impact of the cyber friendly schools program on adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. Aggress Behavior, 42,166-180.
  • Çiftçi, H. (2018). Öğrencilerin siber mağduriyet düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması [Comparison of students’ cyber victimization rates]. Gumushane University e-Journal of Facuty of Communication, 6(2), 1536-1567.
  • Didden, R., Scholte, R. H. J., Korzilius, H., Moor, J. M. H., Vermeulen, A., O'Reilly, M., Lang, R., & Lancioni, G. E. (2009). Cyberbullying among students with intellectual and developmental disability in special education settings. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 12(3), 146-151. doi: 10.1080/17518420902971356.
  • Dilmaç, B., & Özkan, C. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde öznel mutluluk, suçluluk ve utancın yordayıcısı olarak siber zorbalık [Cyber bullying as a predictor of subjective happiness, guilt and shame in high school students]. The Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 17(1), 195-212.
  • Dinakar, K., Reichart, R., & Lieberman, H. (2011). Modeling the detection of textual cyberbullying. Proc. IEEE International Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (SWM’11), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Duman,. N., & Bridge, E. N. (2019). Siber mağduriyet [Cyber victimization]. Internetional Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 1156-1178.
  • Eden, S., Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2013). Teachers' perceptions, beliefs and concerns about cyberbullying. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44, 1036-1052.
  • Erdur-Baker, O., & Kavşut, F. (2007). Akran zorbalığının yeni yüzü: siber zorbalık [Cyber bullying: A new face of peer bullying]. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 27, 31-42.
  • Erişti, B., & Akbulut, Y. (2017). Reactions to cyberbullying among high school and university students. The Social Science Journal, 56(1), 10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.06.002
  • Eroğlu, Y., & Güler, N. (2015). Koşullu öz-değer, riskli internet davranışları ve siber zorbalık/mağduriyet arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [The investigation relationships among contingencies of self- worth, risky internet behaviors and cyberbullying/cybervictimization]. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(3), 118-129. doi: 10.19126/suje.56594
  • Eroğlu, Y., Aktepe, E., Akbaba, S., Işık, A., & Özkorumak, E. (2015). Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi [The investigation of prevalence and risk factors associated with cyber bullying and victimization]. Education and Science, 40(177), 93-107.
  • Gezgin, D. M., & Çuhadar, C. (2012). Bilgisayar Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Bölümü öğrencilerinin siber zorbalığa ilişkin duyarlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the Computer Education and Instructional Technologies students’ awareness to cyber-bullying]. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 2(2), 93-100.
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008) Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behaviour, 29(2), 129-156. doi: 10.1080/01639620701457816 Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
  • Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014). Orta öğretim öğrencilerin psikolojik belirtilere göre sanal zorba ve sanal mağdur düzeylerinin yordanması [Predicting cyberbully and cybervictim levels of secondary education students according to psychological symptoms]. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 1(2), 21-36.
  • Huang, Y., & Chou, C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1581–1590.
  • Jimenez, R. (2019). Multiple victimization (Bullying and Cyberbullying) in primary education in Spain from a gender perspective. Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 169-192. doi: 10.4471/remie.2019.4272
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Scientific Research Method, (15 th Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kasahara, G. M., Houlihan, D., & Estrada, C. (2019). Gender differences in social media use and cyberbullying in Belize: A preliminary report. International Journal of Psychology Studies, 11(2), 32-41.
  • Kavuk Kalender, M., Keser, H., & Tugun, V. (2019). Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık görüşleri, deneyimleri ve müdahale davranışları [Middle and high school students' opinions, experiences and responses regarding to cyberbullying]. Education and Science, 44(198), 183-200.
  • Kavuk, M., & Keser, H. (2016). İlköğretim okullarında siber zorbalık [Cyberbullying at primary school]. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 31(3), 520-535.
  • Keser, H. & Kavuk, M. (2015). Okulda siber zorbalık farkındalık anketinin geliştirilmesi [Developing a questionnaire for cyberbullying awareness at school]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 23, 17–30.
  • Kestel, M., & Akbıyık, C. (2016). Siber zorbalığın öğrencilerin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal durumları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [An investigation of effects of cyber bullying on students’ academic, social and emotional states]. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 12(3), 844-859. doi: 10.17860/mersinefd.282384.
  • Kowalski, R.M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official publication of the Society for Adolescent. Medicine, 41(6), 22-30.
  • Kurniasih, N., Kurwarno, E., Yanto, A., & Sugiana, D. (2020). Media literacy to overcome cyberbullying: case study in an elementary school in bandung Indonesia. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 1-8. ISSN 1522-0222.
  • Laftman, S. B., Modin, B., & Östberg, V. (2013). Cyberbullying and subjective health: A large-scale study of students in Stockholm, Sweeden. Children and Youth Services Review, 35, 112-119.
  • Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27, 157–170. doi:10.1177/ 0143034306064547.
  • MacDonald, C. D., & Roberts Pittman, B. (2010). Cyberbullying among college students: prevalence and demographic differences. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 2003-2009.
  • Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 12(4), 387-393.
  • Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(3), 362-374. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01040.x
  • Özgür, H. (2015). Exploring the distance education students’ cyberbullying, cybervictimization and cyberbullying sensibility levels. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 16(4), 3-17.
  • Özdemir, M., & Akar, F. (2011). Lise öğrencilerinin siber-zorbalığa ilişkin görüşlerinin bazı değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi [Examination of high school students’ opinions on cyberbullying in terms of various variables]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 17(4), 605-626.
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-esteem. Journal of School Health, 80, 614–621. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010 .00548.x
  • Peker, A. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık statülerini yordayan risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi [Analyzing the risk factors predicting the cyberbullying status of secondary school students]. Education and Science, 40(181), 57-75.
  • Peker, A., Eroğlu Y., & Ada, Ş. (2012). Ergenlerde siber zorbalığın ve mağduriyetin yordayıcılarının incelenmesi [The investigation of predictors of cyberbullying and cybervictimization in adolescents]. Journal of Abant İzzet Baysal University, 12(2), 185-206.
  • Pekşen Süslü, D., & Oktay, A. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili bazı değişkenlerin incelenmesi [Investigating some variables related to cyberbullying and cyber victimization in high school students]. Elementary Education Online, 17(4), 1877-1895.
  • Rao, J., Wang, H., Pang, M., Yang, J., Zhang, J., Ye, Y., Chen, X., Wang, S., & Dong, X. (2017). Cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among junior and senior high school students in Guangzhou, China. Injury Prevention, 13-19.
  • Ronis, S., & Slaunwhite, A. (2019). Gender and geographic predictors of cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and coping modalities among youth. Canadian. Journal of School Psychology, 34, 3–21.
  • Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Lalande, K., & Colman, I. (2020). Cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: The moderating role of parent–child relationship and child’s sex. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29(8), 1–10. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000653.
  • Simangunsong, E. (2020). Cyberbullying: Identification of factors affecting the quality of higher education in Indonesia. Education, Sustainability & Society (ESS), 3(1), 15-19. doi: 10.26480/ess.01.2020.15.19.
  • Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
  • Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., & Tippett, N. (2006). An investigation into cyberbullying, its forms, awareness and impact, and the relationship between age and gender in cyberbullying. London, England: Department for Education and Skills, Research Brief No. RBX03-06. DfES, London
  • Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376–385
  • Şahin, M., Sarı, S. V., Özer, Ö., & Er, S. H. (2010). Lise öğrencilerinin siber zorba davranışlarda bulunma ve maruz kalma durumlarına ilişkin görüşleri [High school students’ views about their cyber bully behaviours and self-exposition]. Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Science and Literature Journal of Social Science, 21, 257-270.
  • Tanrıkulu, T., Kınay, H., & Arıcak, O. T. (2013). Siber zorbalığa ilişkin duyarlılık ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Cyberbullying sensibility scale: Validity and reliability study]. Trakya University Journal of Education, 3(1), 38-47.
  • Tanrikulu, İ. (2017). Cyberbullying prevention and intervention programs in schools: A systematic review. School Psychology International, 74-91. doi:10.1177/0143034317745721.
  • Tanrıkulu, İ. (2019). Okul çağındaki çocuklar siber zorbalık yapmayı nasıl öğreniyorlar? [How do school children learn cyberbullying perpetration?]. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 12(1), 16-27. doi:10.30831/akukeg.512556
  • Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014.
  • Toraman, L., & Usta, E. (2018). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital yerli ve siber zorba olma durumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [The analysis of the cases of being a digital native and cyber bully of the secondary school students in terms of various variables]. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of EducationFaculty, 37(2), 57-77.
  • Varela, J. J., Zimmerman, M. A., Ryan, A. M., & Stoddard, S. A. (2018). Cyberbullying among Chilean students and the protective effects of positive school communities. Journal of School Violence, 17, 430-442. doi:10.1080/15388220.2017.135 8640.
  • Wang, P., Wang, X., & Lei, L. (2019). Gender differences between student–student relationship and cyberbullying perpetration: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-21. doi: 10.1177/0886260519865970 .
  • Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 368–375. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021
  • Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and online-only contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 51-58.
  • Yaman, E., & Peker, A. (2012). Ergenlerin siber zorbalık ve mağduriyete ilişkin algıları [The perceptions of adolescents about cyberbullying and cybervictimization]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(3), 819-838.
  • Yaman, E., Karakülah, D., & Dilmaç, B. (2013). İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin değerlerini yordayan iki önemli değişken: Siber zorbalık eğilimleri ve okul kültürü arasındaki ilişki [Two important variables that predict values of secondary school students: relationship between cyber-bullying tendencies and school culture]. Journal of Values Education, 11(26), 323-337.
  • Yiğit, M. F., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2019). Öğrencilerin siber güvenlik davranışlarının beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve çeşitli diğer değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Investigating students’ cyber security behaviors in relation to big five personality traits and other various variables]. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 15(1), 186-215. doi: 10.17860/mersinefd.437610
  • Yiğit, M., Keskin, S., & Yurdagül, H. (2018). Ortaokullarda siber zorbalık ve aile desteği arasındaki ilişkinin cinsiyet, internet kullanımı ve öğrenim düzeyi bağlamında incelenmesi [Investigating the relationship between cyberbullying and perceived family support in middle-school students in relation to gender, frequency of internet use, and grade]. The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 249-284.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Alan Eğitimleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Şemseddin Gündüz 0000-0003-1075-0043

Fatma Akgün Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9728-7516

Hasan Özgür 0000-0002-8035-0320

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gündüz, Ş., Akgün, F., & Özgür, H. (2021). Determination of Secondary School Students’ Levels of Sensitivity towards Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Behaviour. Participatory Educational Research, 8(1), 70-89. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.4.8.1