International Students’ Intercultural Interaction with Canadian Domestic Students: Observations from Literature Review

Zelalem Oliso

doi:10.33710/sduijes.1399266

Research Article

International Students’ Intercultural Interaction with Canadian Domestic Students: Observations from Literature Review

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 30.04.2024

Zelalem Oliso

https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.1399266

Abstract

The main purpose of this review was to intensively review literature about to international students’ intercultural interaction with Canadian domestic students. More specifically, the review intends to (1) examine the status of international students’ intercultural interaction with domestic students at Canadian post-secondary schools. (2) identify the major challenges that limit the intercultural interaction between international and Canadian domestic students. To this end, various research documents, such as published and unpublished government documents, peer- reviewed articles, PhD dissertations, and empirical studies were consulted. In this review, studies conducted in other most popular study destinations for international students were also thoroughly reviewed to provide additional insight. The findings of this review indicate that at Canadian post-secondary institutions, the intercultural interactions between international and domestic students are few. The review findings further uncovered that English language proficiency and culture qualify as the main challenges for international students to make intercultural interactions with their domestic counterparts. Based on these findings, conclusions and implications were forwarded to hosting countries and institutions.

Keywords

Intercultural interaction, Domestic students, Hosting institutions, International students

References

Andrade M. S. (2006). International students in English speaking universities, Journal of Research in International Education 5(2), 131–154.
Andrade M. S. (2006). International students in English speaking universities, Journal of Research in International Education 5(2), 131–154.
Baker, G. (2010). Building resilience: early intervention strategies designed to develop a sense of belonging in international students thus creating positive educational and personal outcomes. In P. Kell&G. Vogl (Eds.), global student mobility in the Asia Pacific: mobility, migration, security and wellbeing of international students (17–28). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
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Beck, K. (2008). Being international: learning in a Canadian University (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Simon Fraser University.
Bowman, N.A. (2013). How much diversity is enough? the curvilinear relationship between college diversity interactions and first-year student outcomes, Research Higher Education, 54, 874–894.
Brown, L., & Holloway, I. (2008). The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at an English University: An ethnographic study, Journal of Research in International Education, 7(2), 232–249.
Cadieux. R. A..&Wehrly, B. (1986). Advising and counseling the international student, New Directions for Student Services, 36, 51 -63.
Canadian Bureau for International Education. (2018a). International students in Canada. CBIE Research in Brief, Number 10. https://cbie.ca/what-we-do/research/library/.
Cena, E., Burns, S. & Wilson, P. (2021). Sense of belonging and the intercultural and academic experiences among international students at a University in Northern Ireland, Journal of International Students, 11(4), 812-831.
Chaiyasat, C. (2020) Overseas students in Thailand: A qualitative study of cross-cultural adjustment of French exchange students in a Thai University Context, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30 (8),1060-1081,
Chang, M.J., Desen, N., Saenz, V. &Misa, K. (2006). The educational benefits of sustaining cross-racial interaction among undergraduates, The Journal of Higher Education, 77 (3), 430-455.
Chapdelaine, R.F. & Alexitch, L.R. (2004). Social skills difficulty: model of culture shock for international graduate students, Journal of College Student Development, 45 (2), 167-184.
Chen, C. P. (1995a). Counseling applications of RET in a Chinese cultural context. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 13, 117- 129.
Chen, C. P. (1999). Professional issues: common stressors among international college students: research and counseling implications. Journal of College Counseling, 2, 49–65.
Chen. C. P. (1995b). Group counseling in a different cultural context: several primary issues in dealing with Chinese Clients. Group: The Journal of the Eastern Group Psychotherapy Society, 19(1), 45-55.
Chen, L.H. (2007). Choosing Canadian graduate schools from Afar: East Asian students’ perspectives. Higher Education, 54(5),759–780.
Dao, T. K., Lee, D. & Chang, H. L. (2007). Acculturation level, perceived English fluency, perceived social support level, and depression among Taiwanese international students, College Student Journal, 41,287–295.
Dunne, C. (2013). Exploring motivations for intercultural contact among host country university students: An Irish case study, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 567–578.
Duru, E. &Poyrazli, S. (2007). Personality dimensions, psychosocial-demographic variables, and English language competency in predicting level of acculturative stress among Turkish international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 99–110.
Duru, E. & Poyrazli, S. (2011). Perceived discrimination, social connectedness, and other predictors of adjustment difficulties among Turkish international students, International Journal of Psychology, 46 (6), 446–454.
French-Sloan, H.M. (2015). "Examining cross-cultural communication among first-year students at a large, four-year, research university", Educational Administration: Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research. 238.
Ftizpatrick, F. (2020). Understanding intercultural interaction: an analysis of key concepts, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Gareis, E. (2012). Intercultural friendship: effects of home and host region, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 5(4), 309–328.
Gareis, E., Merkin, R., & Goldman, J. (2011). Intercultural friendship: linking communication variables and friendship success, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(2), 153–171.
Grayson, J. P. (2008). The experiences and outcomes of domestic and international students at four Canadian universities, Higher Education Research & Development, 27, pp.215-230.
Harrison, N., & Peacock, N. (2010). Interactions in the international classroom: The UK perspective. In E. Jones (Ed.), Internationalization and the student voice: Higher Education Perspectives (pp. 125-142). New York, NY: Routledge.
Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R. K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 281–295.
Hotta, J., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2013). Intercultural adjustment and friendship dialectics in international students: a qualitative study, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(5), 550–566.
Hurtado, S. (2001). Linking diversity and educational purpose: how diversity affects the classroom environment and student development, Book Chapter, U.S Department of Education.
Jacobi, L. (2020). Seeking to understand the impact of collaboration on intercultural communication apprehension, Journal of International Students, Vol.10 (4), pp. 892-911.
Kimmel, K. &Volet, S. (2012). University students’ perceptions of and attitudes towards culturally diverse group work: does context matter? Journal of Studies in International Education, 16(2), 157-181.
Koybayashi, Y. (2010). Discriminatory attitudes toward intercultural communication in domestic and overseas contexts, Higher Education, 59, 323-333.
Leask, B., & Wallace, J. (2011). Learning and teaching across cultures: good practice report, Australian learning and teaching council, Melbourne: IEAA.
Li., S. Zizzi, S. (2018). A case study of international students’ social adjustment, friendship development, and physical activity, Journal of International Students, 8(1), 389-408.
Lulat, Y. G.-M., & Altbach, P. G. (1985). International students in comparative perspective: toward a political economy of international study. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education handbook of theory and research, 1, 439-495.
Luo, J. & Jamieson-Drake, D. (2013). Examining the educational benefits of interacting with international students, Journal of International Students, 3(2).
Lux, M. (2013). Challenges and measures related to the integration of Chinese students in Germany: the activities of a German foundation in T. Coverdale-Jones (Ed.), Transnational Higher Education in the Asian context (pp. 82–94), Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lyon, K.A. & Gauppy, N. (2016). Enhancing student compositional diversity in the sociology classroom, Teaching Sociology, 44 (2), pp. 106-117.
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McClure, J. W. (2007). International graduates’ cross-cultural adjustment: experiences, coping strategies, and suggested programmatic responses, Teaching in Higher Education, 12(2), 199–217.
McKenzie, L. & Baldassar, L. (2017). Missing friendships: understanding the absent relationships of local and international students at an Australian university, Higher Education, 74, 701-715.
Muthuswamy, N., Levine, R.T. & Gazel, J. (2006). Interaction-based diversity initiative outcomes: an evaluation of an initiative aimed at bridging the racial divide on a college campus, Communication Education, 55 (1),105-121.
Nelson Laird, T. F. (2005). College students’ experiences with diversity and their effects on academic self-confidence, social agency, and disposition toward critical thinking. Research in Higher Education, 46, 365–387.
Neri, F., & Ville, S. (2008). Social capital renewal and the academic performance of international students in Australia, Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(4),1515–1538.
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International Students’ Intercultural Interaction with Canadian Domestic Students: Observations from Literature Review

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 19 - 33, 30.04.2024

Zelalem Oliso

https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.1399266

Abstract

Keywords

Intercultural interaction, Domestic students, Hosting institutions, International students

References

Andrade M. S. (2006). International students in English speaking universities, Journal of Research in International Education 5(2), 131–154.
Andrade M. S. (2006). International students in English speaking universities, Journal of Research in International Education 5(2), 131–154.
Baker, G. (2010). Building resilience: early intervention strategies designed to develop a sense of belonging in international students thus creating positive educational and personal outcomes. In P. Kell&G. Vogl (Eds.), global student mobility in the Asia Pacific: mobility, migration, security and wellbeing of international students (17–28). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Barratt, M. F. &Huba, M. E. (1994). Factors related to international graduate student adjustment in an American community, College Student Journal, 39, 422–435.
Beck, K. (2008). Being international: learning in a Canadian University (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Simon Fraser University.
Bowman, N.A. (2013). How much diversity is enough? the curvilinear relationship between college diversity interactions and first-year student outcomes, Research Higher Education, 54, 874–894.
Brown, L., & Holloway, I. (2008). The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at an English University: An ethnographic study, Journal of Research in International Education, 7(2), 232–249.
Cadieux. R. A..&Wehrly, B. (1986). Advising and counseling the international student, New Directions for Student Services, 36, 51 -63.
Canadian Bureau for International Education. (2018a). International students in Canada. CBIE Research in Brief, Number 10. https://cbie.ca/what-we-do/research/library/.
Cena, E., Burns, S. & Wilson, P. (2021). Sense of belonging and the intercultural and academic experiences among international students at a University in Northern Ireland, Journal of International Students, 11(4), 812-831.
Chaiyasat, C. (2020) Overseas students in Thailand: A qualitative study of cross-cultural adjustment of French exchange students in a Thai University Context, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30 (8),1060-1081,
Chang, M.J., Desen, N., Saenz, V. &Misa, K. (2006). The educational benefits of sustaining cross-racial interaction among undergraduates, The Journal of Higher Education, 77 (3), 430-455.
Chapdelaine, R.F. & Alexitch, L.R. (2004). Social skills difficulty: model of culture shock for international graduate students, Journal of College Student Development, 45 (2), 167-184.
Chen, C. P. (1995a). Counseling applications of RET in a Chinese cultural context. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 13, 117- 129.
Chen, C. P. (1999). Professional issues: common stressors among international college students: research and counseling implications. Journal of College Counseling, 2, 49–65.
Chen. C. P. (1995b). Group counseling in a different cultural context: several primary issues in dealing with Chinese Clients. Group: The Journal of the Eastern Group Psychotherapy Society, 19(1), 45-55.
Chen, L.H. (2007). Choosing Canadian graduate schools from Afar: East Asian students’ perspectives. Higher Education, 54(5),759–780.
Dao, T. K., Lee, D. & Chang, H. L. (2007). Acculturation level, perceived English fluency, perceived social support level, and depression among Taiwanese international students, College Student Journal, 41,287–295.
Dunne, C. (2013). Exploring motivations for intercultural contact among host country university students: An Irish case study, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 567–578.
Duru, E. &Poyrazli, S. (2007). Personality dimensions, psychosocial-demographic variables, and English language competency in predicting level of acculturative stress among Turkish international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 99–110.
Duru, E. & Poyrazli, S. (2011). Perceived discrimination, social connectedness, and other predictors of adjustment difficulties among Turkish international students, International Journal of Psychology, 46 (6), 446–454.
French-Sloan, H.M. (2015). "Examining cross-cultural communication among first-year students at a large, four-year, research university", Educational Administration: Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research. 238.
Ftizpatrick, F. (2020). Understanding intercultural interaction: an analysis of key concepts, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Gareis, E. (2012). Intercultural friendship: effects of home and host region, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 5(4), 309–328.
Gareis, E., Merkin, R., & Goldman, J. (2011). Intercultural friendship: linking communication variables and friendship success, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(2), 153–171.
Grayson, J. P. (2008). The experiences and outcomes of domestic and international students at four Canadian universities, Higher Education Research & Development, 27, pp.215-230.
Harrison, N., & Peacock, N. (2010). Interactions in the international classroom: The UK perspective. In E. Jones (Ed.), Internationalization and the student voice: Higher Education Perspectives (pp. 125-142). New York, NY: Routledge.
Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R. K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 281–295.
Hotta, J., & Ting-Toomey, S. (2013). Intercultural adjustment and friendship dialectics in international students: a qualitative study, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(5), 550–566.
Hurtado, S. (2001). Linking diversity and educational purpose: how diversity affects the classroom environment and student development, Book Chapter, U.S Department of Education.
Jacobi, L. (2020). Seeking to understand the impact of collaboration on intercultural communication apprehension, Journal of International Students, Vol.10 (4), pp. 892-911.
Kimmel, K. &Volet, S. (2012). University students’ perceptions of and attitudes towards culturally diverse group work: does context matter? Journal of Studies in International Education, 16(2), 157-181.
Koybayashi, Y. (2010). Discriminatory attitudes toward intercultural communication in domestic and overseas contexts, Higher Education, 59, 323-333.
Leask, B., & Wallace, J. (2011). Learning and teaching across cultures: good practice report, Australian learning and teaching council, Melbourne: IEAA.
Li., S. Zizzi, S. (2018). A case study of international students’ social adjustment, friendship development, and physical activity, Journal of International Students, 8(1), 389-408.
Lulat, Y. G.-M., & Altbach, P. G. (1985). International students in comparative perspective: toward a political economy of international study. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education handbook of theory and research, 1, 439-495.
Luo, J. & Jamieson-Drake, D. (2013). Examining the educational benefits of interacting with international students, Journal of International Students, 3(2).
Lux, M. (2013). Challenges and measures related to the integration of Chinese students in Germany: the activities of a German foundation in T. Coverdale-Jones (Ed.), Transnational Higher Education in the Asian context (pp. 82–94), Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lyon, K.A. & Gauppy, N. (2016). Enhancing student compositional diversity in the sociology classroom, Teaching Sociology, 44 (2), pp. 106-117.
Mazzarol, T. & Soutar, G.N. (2002). ‘’Push-Pull’’ factors influencing international student destination choice, The International Journal of Educational Management, 16 (2), pp. 82-90.
McAllister, G. & Irvine, J.J. (2000). Cross cultural competency and multicultural teacher education, Review of Educational Research, 70 (1), 3-24.
McClure, J. W. (2007). International graduates’ cross-cultural adjustment: experiences, coping strategies, and suggested programmatic responses, Teaching in Higher Education, 12(2), 199–217.
McKenzie, L. & Baldassar, L. (2017). Missing friendships: understanding the absent relationships of local and international students at an Australian university, Higher Education, 74, 701-715.
Muthuswamy, N., Levine, R.T. & Gazel, J. (2006). Interaction-based diversity initiative outcomes: an evaluation of an initiative aimed at bridging the racial divide on a college campus, Communication Education, 55 (1),105-121.
Nelson Laird, T. F. (2005). College students’ experiences with diversity and their effects on academic self-confidence, social agency, and disposition toward critical thinking. Research in Higher Education, 46, 365–387.
Neri, F., & Ville, S. (2008). Social capital renewal and the academic performance of international students in Australia, Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(4),1515–1538.
Ngai, P.B., Yoshimura, S.M. & Doi, F. (2020) Intercultural competence development via online social networking: the Japanese students’ experience with internationalization in U.S higher education, Intercultural Education, 31:2, 228-243.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2019). Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Osmond, J., & Roed, J. (2010). Sometimes it means more work: student perceptions of group work in a mixed cultural setting. in e. jones (Ed.), Internationalization and the student Voice: Higher Education Perspectives (113-124). New York, NY: Routledge.
Otoo, B. K. (2021). Intercultural capacities and responsiveness in higher education contexts: perspectives and experiences of international graduate students (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.
Patterson, P.K. (2007). Effect of study abroad on intercultural sensitivity, unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia, United States
Pedersen, P. (1995). The culture-bound counselor as an unintentional racist, Canadian Journal of Counselling, 29, 197-205.
Pedersen, P. (1991 ). Counseling international students, Counseling Psychologist, 19, 10-58.
Perrucci, R. & Hu, H. (1995). Satisfaction with social and educational experiences among international graduate students, Research in Higher Education, 36 (4), 491- 508.
Poyrazli, S., Kavanaugh, P. R., Baker, A. & Al-Timimi, N. (2004). Social support and demographic correlates of acculturative stress in international students, Journal of College Counseling, 7, 73–82.
Reid, R. & Garson, K. (2017). Rethinking multicultural group work as intercultural learning, Journal of Studies in International Education, 21(3), 195– 212.
Reities, B. & Nolan, E. (2014). Understanding friendship and learning networks of international and host students using longitudinal social network analysis, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 41,165-180.
Robinson, O., Somerville, K. & Walsworth, S. (2020). Understanding friendship formation between international and host-national students in a Canadian university, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 13 (1), 49-70.
Sandel, T. L. (2014). “Oh, I’m here!”: social media’s impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of students studying abroad, Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 43(1),1–29.
Sawir, E., Marginson, S., Deumert, A., Nyland, C., & Ramia, G. (2008). Loneliness and international students: an Australian study, Journal of Studies in International Education, 12, 148–180.
Sherry, M., Thomas, P., & Chui, W. H. (2010). International students: a vulnerable student population, Higher Education, 60,33–46.
Slethaug, G., & Vinther, J. (2012). The challenges of multi-lingualism for international students in Denmark. in J.
Ryan (ed.), cross-cultural teaching and learning for home and international students: Internationalization of
Pedagogy and Curriculum in Higher Education (82–94). Abingdon: Routledge.
Smith, R. A., & Khawaja, N. G. (2011). A review of the acculturation experiences of international students, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(6), 699–713.
Smith, S., Van Tubergen, F., Maas, I., & McFarland, D. (2016). Ethnic composition and friendship segregation differential effects for adolescent natives and immigrants American Journal of Sociology, 121, 1223–1272.
Sptizman, E. (2014). Situated intercultural communication: domestic and international student interaction, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Rhode Island, Canada.
Srivastava, S. &McGonigal, K.M. (2009). The social costs of emotional suppression: a prospective study of the transition to college, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), 883-897.
Statistics Canada (2016), “International students in Canadian universities”, Cat. No. 81-599-X – No. 11, 2004/2005 to 2013/2014, Available at: www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81-599-x/81-599 x2016011-eng.pdf.
Sumer, S., Poyrazli, S. & Grahame, K. (2008). Predictors of depression and anxiety among international students, Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 429–437.
Thomas, V.F. Ssendikaddiwa, J.M., Mroz, M., Lockyer, K., Kosarzova, K., & Hanna, C. (2018). Leveraging common ground: improving international and domestic students’ interaction through mutual engagement, Journal of International Students, 8(3), 1386-1397.
Trice, A.G. (2003). Faculty perceptions of graduate international students: the benefits and challenges, Journal of Studies in International Education, 7 (4), 379-403
Turner, R. N., Voci, A., Hewstone, M., & Vonofakou, C. (2008). A test of the extended intergroup contact hypothesis: The mediating role of intergroup anxiety, perceived ingroup and outgroup norms, and inclusion of the outgroup in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 843-860. doi:10.1037/a0011434.
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Primary Language	English
Subjects	Internationalization in Higher Education
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Zelalem Oliso 0000-0001-5231-216X
Publication Date	April 30, 2024
Submission Date	December 2, 2023
Acceptance Date	February 10, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

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APA	Oliso, Z. (2024). International Students’ Intercultural Interaction with Canadian Domestic Students: Observations from Literature Review. SDU International Journal of Educational Studies, 11(1), 19-33. https://doi.org/10.33710/sduijes.1399266

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ISSN:2148-9068