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Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Finansal ve Operasyonel Etkinlik Ölçümü: Geleneksel Havayolu İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 153 - 172, 25.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550951

Abstract




Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve küreleşmenin artması ile birlikte hava taşımacılığı sektörü yoğun olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak havayolu işletmeleri için hayati öneme sahip olan uçak kiralama, alım ve bakım gibi maliyetlerin büyük yatırımlar gerektirmesi işletme ortaklarının ve yöneticilerinin daha dikkatli davranmalarını gerektirmektedir. Bu açıdan hava taşımacılığı ile ilgili faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesi, geliştirilmesi yolcu ve yük talebinin doğru ve eksiksiz bir şekilde tahmin edilmeye çalışılması ve işletme kârlılığının arttırılması işletme yöneticilerinin en önemli görevidir. Son yıllarda havacılık alanında yaşanan serbestleşme hareketleri ve yapılan düzenlemelerle birlikte hava taşımacılığı sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin artan rekabet koşullarına ayak uydurmalarını ve sürekli kendilerini yenilemelerini gerektirmektedir. 


Bu çalışmanın amacı petrol fiyatlarının en yüksek seviyeye ulaştığı 2012 yılından sonra dünyanın farklı yerlerinde faaliyet gösteren 16 geleneksel havayolu işletmesinin etkinliğinin analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak veri zarflama analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Analiz aşamasında ASK, koltuk kapasitesi, çalışan sayısı ve yakıt giderleri girdi değişkenleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Çıktı değişkeni olarak ise RPK, doluluk oranı ve toplam taşınan yolcu sayısı kullanılmıştır. Ça-


lışmanın bulguları, birçok havayolu işletmesinin ilgili dönemde CCR modeline göre etkin çıkmadığını ancak girdi ve çıktı odaklı BCC modeline göre ise etkin çıktığını göstermektedir. 

References

  • Alam, I. S., Sıckles, R. C. (1998). The Relationship Between Stock Market Returns and Technical Efficiency Innovations: Evidence from the US Airline Industry. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 35-51. 10.1023/A:1018368313411
  • Arjomandi, A., Seufert, J. H. (2014). An evaluation of the world’s major airlines’ technical and environmental performance.Economic Modelling, 133-144. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1384&context=buspapers
  • Banker, R., Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2004). Returns to scale in different DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 345-362. 10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00174-7
  • Barbot, C., Costa, Á., & Sochirca, E. (2008). Airlines performance in the new market context: A comparative productivity and efficiency analysis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 270–274. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.05.003
  • Barros, C. P. (2009). An evaluation of European airlines’ operational performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 525-533. 10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.04.016
  • Barros, C. P., Liang, Q. B., & Peypoch, N. (2013). The technical efficiency of US Airlines. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 139-148. 10.1016/j.tra.2013.01.019
  • Bhadra, D. (2009). Race to the bottom or swimming upstream: Performance analysis of US airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 227-235. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.09.014
  • Cao, Q., Lv, J., & jun, Z. (2015). Productivity efficiency analysis of the airlines in China after deregulation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 135-140. /10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.09.009
  • Chen, Y., & Ali, A. I. (2002). Continuous optimization output–input ratio analysis and dea frontier. European Journal of Operational Research, 476-479. S 0 3 7 7 - 2 2 1 7 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 3 1 8 - 6
  • Chiou, Y. C., & Chen, Y.-H. (2006). Route-based performance evaluation of Taiwanese domestic airlines using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 116–127. 10.1016/j.tre.2005.09.005
  • Chow, C. K. (2010). Measuring the productivity changes of Chinese airlines: The impact of the entries of non-state-owned carriers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 320-324. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.04.001
  • Coelli, T., Rao, P., O’Donnell, C., & Battese, G. (2005). An ıntroduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Austrailia: Springer.
  • Cooper, W. W., Lı, S., Seiford, L. M., Tone, K., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2001). Sensitivity and Stability Analysis in DEA: Some Recent Developments. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 217-246. 10.1023/A:1011128409257
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Tone, K. (2006). İntroduction to data envelopment analysis and it uses. Newyork: Springer.
  • Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S., & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 245-259. 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00149-1
  • Golany, B., & Roll, Y. (1989). An Application Procedure For DEA. Omega, 17(3), 237-250. 10.1016/0305-0483(89)90029-7
  • Good, H. D., Röller, L.-H., & Sickles, R. C. (1995). Airline efficiency differences between Europe and the US: Implications for the pace of EC integration and domestic regulation . European Journal of Operational Research, 508-518. 10.1016/0377-2217(94)00134-X
  • Gramani, M. C. (2012). Efficiency decomposition approach: A cross-country airline analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 5815-5819. 0.1016/j.eswa.2011.11.086
  • Greer, M. (2008). Nothing focuses the mind on productivity quite like the fear of liquidation: Changes in airline productivity in the United States, 2000–2004. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 414–426. 10.1016/j.tra.2007.11.001
  • Greer, M. (2009). Is it the labor unions’ fault? Dissecting the causes of the impaired technical efficiencies of the legacy carriers in the United States. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 779–789. 10.1016/j.tra.2009.07.007
  • Güran, M. C., & Cingi, S. (2002). Devletin ekonomik müdahalelerinin etkinliği. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 56-69. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423868928.pdf
  • Hong, S., & Zhang, A. (2010). An efficiency study of airlines and air cargo/passenger divisions: a DEA approach. World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 137-149. 10.1504/WRITR.2010.031584
  • İşbilen Yücel, L. (2010). Portföy Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Ölçülmesi ve Portföy Etkinleştirilmesine Yönelik Bir Uygulama. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Karsak, E., & İşcan, F. (2000). Çimento sektöründe göreli faaliyet performanslarının ağırlık kısıtlamaları ve çapraz etkinlik kullanılarak veri zarflama analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, 2-10. http://arsiv.mmo.org.tr/pdf/11754.pdf
  • Kazançoğlu, Y. (2008). Lojistik yönetim sürecinde tedarikçi seçimi ve performans değerlendirilmesinin yöneylem araştırması teknikleri ile gerçekleştirilmesi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Kutlar, A., & Kartal, M. (2004). Cumhuriyet üniversitesinin verimlilik analizi: fakülteler düzeyinde veri zarflama yöntemiyle bir uygulama. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 49-79. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423907864.pdf
  • Lang, P., Yolalan, R., & Kettani, O. (1995). Controlled envelopment by face extension. Journal of the Operational Research Societ, 473-491. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2584595.pdf
  • Lee, B. L., & Worthington, A. C. (2014). Technical efficiency of mainstream airlines and low-cost carriers: New evidence using bootstrap data envelopment analysis truncated regression. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15-20. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.12.013
  • Lorcu, F. (2008). Veri zarflama analizi (dea) ile türkiye ve avrupa birliği ülkelerinin sağlık alanındaki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniveristesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Lovell, C., & Pastor, J. (1997). Target setting: an application to a bank branch network. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2), 290-299. 10.1016/ S0377-2217(96)00348-7
  • Lu, W.-M., Wang, W.-K., Hung, S.-W., & Lu, E.-T. (2012). The effects of corporate governance on airline performance: Production and marketing efficiency perspectives. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 529-544. 10.1016/j.tre.2011.09.003
  • Mallikarjun, S. (2015). Efficiency of US airlines: A strategic operating model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 45-56. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.12.004
  • Matthews, K., & Ismail, M. (2006). Efficiency and productivity growth of domestic and foreign commercial banks in malaysia. Cardiff: Cardiff Business School. 7-8 http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/e2006_2.pdf
  • Merkert, R., & Hensher, D. A. (2011). The impact of strategic management and fleet planning on airline efficiency – A random effects Tobit model based on DEA efficiency scores. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 686-695. 10.1016/j.tra.2011.04.015
  • Saranga, H., & Nagpal, R. (2016). Drivers of operational efficiency and its impact on market performance in the Indian Airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 165-176. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.001
  • Schefczyk, M. (1993). Operational Performance Of Airlines: An Extension Of Traditional Measurment Paradıgms. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 301-317. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/operation%20performace%20of%20airlines.pdf
  • Scheraga, C. A. (2004). Operational efficiency versus financial mobility in the global airline industry: a data envelopment and Tobit analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 383-404. 10.1016/j.tra.2003.12.003
  • See, K. F., & Rashid, A. A. (2016). Total factor productivity analysis of Malaysia Airlines: Lessons from the past and directions for the future. Research in Transportation Economics, 42-49. 10.1016/j.retrec.2016.07.004
  • Seyrek , İ. H., & Ata, A. (2010). Veri zarflama analizi ve veri madenciliği ile mevduat. BDDK Bankac›l›k ve Finansal Piyasalar, 4(2), 67-84. https://www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Raporlar/BDDK_Dergi/9071ibrahim.pdf
  • Tavassoli , M., Farmarzi, G. R., & Saen, R. F. (2014). Efficiency and effectiveness in airline performance using a SBM-NDEA model in the presence of shared input. Journal of Air Transport Management, 146-153. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.09.001
  • Tetik, S. (2003). İşletme performansını belirlemede veri zarflama analizi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 10(2), 221-229. http://www2.bayar.edu.tr/yonetimekonomi/dergi/pdf/C10S22003/st.pdf
  • Vasıgh, B., Fleming, K., & Tacker, T. (2013). Introduction to Air Transport Economics From Theory to Applications. London: MPG Books.
  • Wang, W.-K., Lu, W.-M., & Tsai, C.-J. (2011). The relationship between airline performance and corporate governance amongst US Listed companies. Journal of Air Transport Management, 148-152. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.06.005
  • Wu, Y., He, C., & Cao, X. (2013). The impact of environmental variables on the efficiency of Chinese and other non-Chinese airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 35-38. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.02.004
  • Yolalan, R. (1993). İşletmelerarası göreli etkinlik ölçümü. Ankara: Milli prodüktivite merkezi yayınları.
  • Zhu, J. (2011). Airlines Performance via Two-Stage Network DEA Approach. Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra, 260-269. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/SSRN-id1931862.pdf
Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 153 - 172, 25.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550951

Abstract

References

  • Alam, I. S., Sıckles, R. C. (1998). The Relationship Between Stock Market Returns and Technical Efficiency Innovations: Evidence from the US Airline Industry. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 35-51. 10.1023/A:1018368313411
  • Arjomandi, A., Seufert, J. H. (2014). An evaluation of the world’s major airlines’ technical and environmental performance.Economic Modelling, 133-144. http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1384&context=buspapers
  • Banker, R., Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2004). Returns to scale in different DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 345-362. 10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00174-7
  • Barbot, C., Costa, Á., & Sochirca, E. (2008). Airlines performance in the new market context: A comparative productivity and efficiency analysis. Journal of Air Transport Management, 270–274. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.05.003
  • Barros, C. P. (2009). An evaluation of European airlines’ operational performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 525-533. 10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.04.016
  • Barros, C. P., Liang, Q. B., & Peypoch, N. (2013). The technical efficiency of US Airlines. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 139-148. 10.1016/j.tra.2013.01.019
  • Bhadra, D. (2009). Race to the bottom or swimming upstream: Performance analysis of US airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 227-235. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.09.014
  • Cao, Q., Lv, J., & jun, Z. (2015). Productivity efficiency analysis of the airlines in China after deregulation. Journal of Air Transport Management, 135-140. /10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.09.009
  • Chen, Y., & Ali, A. I. (2002). Continuous optimization output–input ratio analysis and dea frontier. European Journal of Operational Research, 476-479. S 0 3 7 7 - 2 2 1 7 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 3 1 8 - 6
  • Chiou, Y. C., & Chen, Y.-H. (2006). Route-based performance evaluation of Taiwanese domestic airlines using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 116–127. 10.1016/j.tre.2005.09.005
  • Chow, C. K. (2010). Measuring the productivity changes of Chinese airlines: The impact of the entries of non-state-owned carriers. Journal of Air Transport Management, 320-324. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.04.001
  • Coelli, T., Rao, P., O’Donnell, C., & Battese, G. (2005). An ıntroduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Austrailia: Springer.
  • Cooper, W. W., Lı, S., Seiford, L. M., Tone, K., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2001). Sensitivity and Stability Analysis in DEA: Some Recent Developments. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 217-246. 10.1023/A:1011128409257
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Tone, K. (2006). İntroduction to data envelopment analysis and it uses. Newyork: Springer.
  • Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S., & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 245-259. 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00149-1
  • Golany, B., & Roll, Y. (1989). An Application Procedure For DEA. Omega, 17(3), 237-250. 10.1016/0305-0483(89)90029-7
  • Good, H. D., Röller, L.-H., & Sickles, R. C. (1995). Airline efficiency differences between Europe and the US: Implications for the pace of EC integration and domestic regulation . European Journal of Operational Research, 508-518. 10.1016/0377-2217(94)00134-X
  • Gramani, M. C. (2012). Efficiency decomposition approach: A cross-country airline analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 5815-5819. 0.1016/j.eswa.2011.11.086
  • Greer, M. (2008). Nothing focuses the mind on productivity quite like the fear of liquidation: Changes in airline productivity in the United States, 2000–2004. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 414–426. 10.1016/j.tra.2007.11.001
  • Greer, M. (2009). Is it the labor unions’ fault? Dissecting the causes of the impaired technical efficiencies of the legacy carriers in the United States. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 779–789. 10.1016/j.tra.2009.07.007
  • Güran, M. C., & Cingi, S. (2002). Devletin ekonomik müdahalelerinin etkinliği. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 56-69. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423868928.pdf
  • Hong, S., & Zhang, A. (2010). An efficiency study of airlines and air cargo/passenger divisions: a DEA approach. World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 137-149. 10.1504/WRITR.2010.031584
  • İşbilen Yücel, L. (2010). Portföy Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Ölçülmesi ve Portföy Etkinleştirilmesine Yönelik Bir Uygulama. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Karsak, E., & İşcan, F. (2000). Çimento sektöründe göreli faaliyet performanslarının ağırlık kısıtlamaları ve çapraz etkinlik kullanılarak veri zarflama analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, 2-10. http://arsiv.mmo.org.tr/pdf/11754.pdf
  • Kazançoğlu, Y. (2008). Lojistik yönetim sürecinde tedarikçi seçimi ve performans değerlendirilmesinin yöneylem araştırması teknikleri ile gerçekleştirilmesi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Kutlar, A., & Kartal, M. (2004). Cumhuriyet üniversitesinin verimlilik analizi: fakülteler düzeyinde veri zarflama yöntemiyle bir uygulama. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 49-79. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423907864.pdf
  • Lang, P., Yolalan, R., & Kettani, O. (1995). Controlled envelopment by face extension. Journal of the Operational Research Societ, 473-491. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2584595.pdf
  • Lee, B. L., & Worthington, A. C. (2014). Technical efficiency of mainstream airlines and low-cost carriers: New evidence using bootstrap data envelopment analysis truncated regression. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15-20. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.12.013
  • Lorcu, F. (2008). Veri zarflama analizi (dea) ile türkiye ve avrupa birliği ülkelerinin sağlık alanındaki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniveristesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi
  • Lovell, C., & Pastor, J. (1997). Target setting: an application to a bank branch network. European Journal of Operational Research, 98(2), 290-299. 10.1016/ S0377-2217(96)00348-7
  • Lu, W.-M., Wang, W.-K., Hung, S.-W., & Lu, E.-T. (2012). The effects of corporate governance on airline performance: Production and marketing efficiency perspectives. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 529-544. 10.1016/j.tre.2011.09.003
  • Mallikarjun, S. (2015). Efficiency of US airlines: A strategic operating model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 45-56. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.12.004
  • Matthews, K., & Ismail, M. (2006). Efficiency and productivity growth of domestic and foreign commercial banks in malaysia. Cardiff: Cardiff Business School. 7-8 http://business.cardiff.ac.uk/sites/default/files/e2006_2.pdf
  • Merkert, R., & Hensher, D. A. (2011). The impact of strategic management and fleet planning on airline efficiency – A random effects Tobit model based on DEA efficiency scores. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 686-695. 10.1016/j.tra.2011.04.015
  • Saranga, H., & Nagpal, R. (2016). Drivers of operational efficiency and its impact on market performance in the Indian Airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 165-176. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.001
  • Schefczyk, M. (1993). Operational Performance Of Airlines: An Extension Of Traditional Measurment Paradıgms. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 301-317. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/operation%20performace%20of%20airlines.pdf
  • Scheraga, C. A. (2004). Operational efficiency versus financial mobility in the global airline industry: a data envelopment and Tobit analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 383-404. 10.1016/j.tra.2003.12.003
  • See, K. F., & Rashid, A. A. (2016). Total factor productivity analysis of Malaysia Airlines: Lessons from the past and directions for the future. Research in Transportation Economics, 42-49. 10.1016/j.retrec.2016.07.004
  • Seyrek , İ. H., & Ata, A. (2010). Veri zarflama analizi ve veri madenciliği ile mevduat. BDDK Bankac›l›k ve Finansal Piyasalar, 4(2), 67-84. https://www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Raporlar/BDDK_Dergi/9071ibrahim.pdf
  • Tavassoli , M., Farmarzi, G. R., & Saen, R. F. (2014). Efficiency and effectiveness in airline performance using a SBM-NDEA model in the presence of shared input. Journal of Air Transport Management, 146-153. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.09.001
  • Tetik, S. (2003). İşletme performansını belirlemede veri zarflama analizi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 10(2), 221-229. http://www2.bayar.edu.tr/yonetimekonomi/dergi/pdf/C10S22003/st.pdf
  • Vasıgh, B., Fleming, K., & Tacker, T. (2013). Introduction to Air Transport Economics From Theory to Applications. London: MPG Books.
  • Wang, W.-K., Lu, W.-M., & Tsai, C.-J. (2011). The relationship between airline performance and corporate governance amongst US Listed companies. Journal of Air Transport Management, 148-152. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.06.005
  • Wu, Y., He, C., & Cao, X. (2013). The impact of environmental variables on the efficiency of Chinese and other non-Chinese airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 35-38. 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.02.004
  • Yolalan, R. (1993). İşletmelerarası göreli etkinlik ölçümü. Ankara: Milli prodüktivite merkezi yayınları.
  • Zhu, J. (2011). Airlines Performance via Two-Stage Network DEA Approach. Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra, 260-269. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/SSRN-id1931862.pdf
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Veysi Asker

Publication Date June 25, 2018
Submission Date February 10, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Asker, V. (2018). Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Finansal ve Operasyonel Etkinlik Ölçümü: Geleneksel Havayolu İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 153-172. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550951

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