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Nükleer Çok Kutuplu Dünyadaki Nükleer Güvenlik İkilemi Sıfır Açlığa Karşı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 30, 10.01.2024

Mehmet Alkanalka

Öz

Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı, yalnızca nükleer silah kullanma riskini değil, aynı zamanda gıda krizi riskini de artırdı. Nükleer silahlardan arındırılmış bir dünya, uluslararası ilişkilerin ve devletlerin stratejik öncelikleri arasında bir kez daha öne çıktı. Tehdit kaynaklarının sadece savaş ve nükleer silah kullanma tehdidiyle sınırlı kalmayıp, insanlığın önemli bir bölümünü etkileyen ve güvenliği de tehdit eden küresel iklim krizi, açlık ve göç gibi konuların da yer aldığı bir çağda yaşıyoruz. Şu anda, küresel nüfusun önemli bir bölümü, koronavirüs pandemisi ve ekonomik kriz tarafından daha da yoğunlaşan açlıktan muzdariptir. Bu makalede, dünya istikrarına yönelik en büyük tehditlerden biri olan ve batık maliyetler kapsamına giren milyarlarca dolara mal olan nükleer silahlardan vazgeçilmesini, insanlık için en büyük tehditlerden biri olan açlığın sona erdirilmesine ve küresel iklim krizi katkıda bulunmayı amaçlıyorum. Bu çalışma yaratıcı bir bakış açısı önermekte ve barış, güvenlik ve dayanışma ekseninde bir analiz sunarak sorunların bütüncül olarak ele alınması ve “insanı yaşat ki devlet yaşasın” felsefesini somut bir uygulama alanı olarak tavsiye etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nükleersizleştirme sıfır açlık barış çalışmaları nükleer güvenlik ikilemi

Kaynakça

  • Americangallery (2012). https://americangallery.wordpress.com/2012/12/22/tom-lovell-1909-1997/alexander-the-great-refusing-water-in-the-desert/, (Accessed: 30.09.2022)
  • Bruusgaard, K.V. (2021).“Russian Nuclear Strategy and Conventional Inferiority”, Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol: 44, Issue: 1, pp. 3-35.
  • Buzan, B. (1984). “Peace, Power, and Security: Contending Concepts in the Study of International Relations”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol: 21, Issue: 2, pp. 109–25.
  • Carbonaro, G. (2022). “Russia Warns Europe Would ‘Disappear’ if West Gives Nuclear Weapons to Ukraine”, Newsweek, https://www.newsweek.com/russia-threatens-nuclear-hit-poland-rest-europe-1715088, (Accessed: 16.01.2023.)
  • Cimbala, S. J. (2017). “Nuclear Proliferation in the Twenty-First Century: Realism, Rationality, or Uncertainty?”, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol: 11, Issue: 1, pp. 129–146.
  • CNN (2001). “Bush Lifts India, Pakistan Sanctions”, https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/09/22/ret.sanctions.pakistan/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Donnelly, J. (2012). “The Elements of the Structures of International Systems”, International Organization, Vol: 66, Issue: 4, pp. 609–643.
  • Dreifus, C. (1994). “Real-Life Dynasty; Benazir Bhutto”, The New York Times Magazine, https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/15/magazine/real-life-dynasty-benazir-bhutto.html, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2022). “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 Repurposing Food and Agricultural Policies to Make Healthy Diets More Affordable”, https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2022/en/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Federation of American Scientists (FAS) (2023). “Status of World Nuclear Forces”, https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • France Secrétariat général de la Défense et de la sécurité nationale (2022). “France National Strategic Review 2022”, http://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/uploads/2022/12/rns-uk-20221202.pdf, (Accessed: 20.12.2022).
  • Glaser, C. L. (1997). “The Security Dilemma Revisited”, World Politics, Vol: 50, Issue: 1, pp. 171–201.
  • Herz, J. H. (1950). “Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma”, World Politics, Vol: 2, Issue: 2, pp. 157–180.
  • ICAN (2021). “Squandered: 2021 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending”, https://www.icanw.org/squandered_2021_global_nuclear_weapons_spending_report, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Jervis, R. (1978). “Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma”, World Politics, Vol: 30, Issue: 2, pp. 167–214.
  • Kristensen, HM and Korda, M. (2022). “World Nuclear Forces in SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security”, https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2022/10, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • McDermott, R. N. (2022). “Russia’s Conventional Military Weakness and Substrategic Nuclear Policy”, Report for Foreign Military Studies Office, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA549120.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2012). “Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War”, In Conflict After the Cold War, Richard K. Betts (Ed.), New York: Rootledge.
  • Montgomery, E. B. (2006). “Breaking out of the Security Dilemma: Realism, Reassurance, and the Problem of Uncertainty”, International Security, Vol: 31, Issue: 2, pp. 151–85.
  • NATO (2021). “NATO 2030”, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2021/6/pdf/2106-factsheet-nato2030-en.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • NATO (2022a). “NATO releases its Climate Change and Security Impact Assessment”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_197241.htm, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • NATO (2022b). “Madrid Summit Declaration”, Press Release 095, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951.htm, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Ndtv.com (2022). “Fear of Nuclear War Renewed As Russia Looks For Breakthrough In Ukraine”, https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/fear-of-nuclear-war-renewed-as-russia-looks-for-breakthrough-in-ukraine-3643800, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • OECD (2021). “Statement from OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann on climate finance in 2019”, https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Payne, K. B. (2019). “Realism, Idealism, Deterrence, and Disarmament”, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol: 13, Issue: 3, pp. 7–37.
  • Sagan, S. D. and Waltz, K. N. (2002). The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Scholz, S. J. (2014). “Solidarity as a Human Right”, Archiv Des Völkerrechts, Vol: 52, Issue: 1, 49–67.
  • SIPRI (2022). “Global Nuclear Arsenals are Expected to Grow as States Continue to Modernize–New SIPRI Yearbook Out Now”, https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2022/global-nuclear-arsenals-are-expected-grow-states-continue-modernize-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now#:~:text=SIPRI%20estimates%20that%20the%20total,stockpile%20from%20225%20to%20260, (Accessed: 10.11.2022).
  • Spicker, P. (2014). “Cohesion, Exclusion and Social Quality”, The International Journal of Social Quality, Vol: 4, Issue: 1, pp. 95–107.
  • Taliaferro, J. (2001). “Security-Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Reconsidered”, International Security, Vol: 25, Issue: 03, pp. 128-161.
  • The White House (2022). “Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Races”, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/01/03/p5-statement-on-preventing-nuclear-war-and-avoiding-arms-races/, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • The White House (2023). “Joint Statement of the United States and Japan”, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/13/joint-statement-of-the-united-states-and-japan/, (Accessed: 16.01.2023).
  • UN Climate Change secretariat (UNFCCC Secretariat). https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/tierIII-indicators/files/13.a.1_Background.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2022). “#Envision2030:17 Goals to Transform The World For Persons With Disabilities”, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030.html, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (2022). “Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)”, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UNDP (2022).“Human Development Report 2021-2022”, https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • US Congressional Budget Office (2021). “Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2021 to 2030”, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57130, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • US Department of Defense (2022). “Nuclear Posture Review Report Immediate Release”, https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3201683/department-of-defense-releases-its-2022-strategic-reviews-national-defense-stra/#:~:text=The%202022%20NPR%20reaffirms%20that,our%20Allies%2C%20and%20our%20partners, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Waltz, K. N. (1959). Man, the State and War, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2012). “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better.” In Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace, Richard K. Betts (Ed.), 4th Ed., New York: Rootledge.

Nuclear Security Dilemma in Nuclear Multipolar World vs Zero Hunger

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 30, 10.01.2024

Mehmet Alkanalka

Öz

The Russia–Ukraine war has increased the risk not only of nuclear weapons use but also of the food crisis. A world free of nuclear weapons has once again emerged among the strategic priorities of international relations and states. We live in an age where the sources of threats are not limited to war and the threat of using nuclear weapons but also include the global climate crisis, starvation, and migration, which affect a significant part of humanity and also challenge security. Currently, a significant proportion of the global population suffers from hunger, intensified further by the coronavirus disease and economic crisis. In this article, I intend to dispense with nuclear weapons—one of the biggest threats to world stability, costing billions of dollars that fall within the scope of sunk costs—to contribute to ending hunger—one of the biggest threats to humanity— in the light of “Let humanity live so that the state can live” philosophy, and to fight the global climate crisis. This study suggests a creative perspective and addresses the problems holistically by providing a peace research analysis on the nexus of peace, security, and solidarity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denuclearization zero hunger peace research nuclear security dilemma

Kaynakça

  • Americangallery (2012). https://americangallery.wordpress.com/2012/12/22/tom-lovell-1909-1997/alexander-the-great-refusing-water-in-the-desert/, (Accessed: 30.09.2022)
  • Bruusgaard, K.V. (2021).“Russian Nuclear Strategy and Conventional Inferiority”, Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol: 44, Issue: 1, pp. 3-35.
  • Buzan, B. (1984). “Peace, Power, and Security: Contending Concepts in the Study of International Relations”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol: 21, Issue: 2, pp. 109–25.
  • Carbonaro, G. (2022). “Russia Warns Europe Would ‘Disappear’ if West Gives Nuclear Weapons to Ukraine”, Newsweek, https://www.newsweek.com/russia-threatens-nuclear-hit-poland-rest-europe-1715088, (Accessed: 16.01.2023.)
  • Cimbala, S. J. (2017). “Nuclear Proliferation in the Twenty-First Century: Realism, Rationality, or Uncertainty?”, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol: 11, Issue: 1, pp. 129–146.
  • CNN (2001). “Bush Lifts India, Pakistan Sanctions”, https://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/09/22/ret.sanctions.pakistan/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Donnelly, J. (2012). “The Elements of the Structures of International Systems”, International Organization, Vol: 66, Issue: 4, pp. 609–643.
  • Dreifus, C. (1994). “Real-Life Dynasty; Benazir Bhutto”, The New York Times Magazine, https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/15/magazine/real-life-dynasty-benazir-bhutto.html, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2022). “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 Repurposing Food and Agricultural Policies to Make Healthy Diets More Affordable”, https://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/2022/en/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Federation of American Scientists (FAS) (2023). “Status of World Nuclear Forces”, https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • France Secrétariat général de la Défense et de la sécurité nationale (2022). “France National Strategic Review 2022”, http://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/uploads/2022/12/rns-uk-20221202.pdf, (Accessed: 20.12.2022).
  • Glaser, C. L. (1997). “The Security Dilemma Revisited”, World Politics, Vol: 50, Issue: 1, pp. 171–201.
  • Herz, J. H. (1950). “Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma”, World Politics, Vol: 2, Issue: 2, pp. 157–180.
  • ICAN (2021). “Squandered: 2021 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending”, https://www.icanw.org/squandered_2021_global_nuclear_weapons_spending_report, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Jervis, R. (1978). “Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma”, World Politics, Vol: 30, Issue: 2, pp. 167–214.
  • Kristensen, HM and Korda, M. (2022). “World Nuclear Forces in SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security”, https://www.sipri.org/yearbook/2022/10, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • McDermott, R. N. (2022). “Russia’s Conventional Military Weakness and Substrategic Nuclear Policy”, Report for Foreign Military Studies Office, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA549120.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2012). “Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War”, In Conflict After the Cold War, Richard K. Betts (Ed.), New York: Rootledge.
  • Montgomery, E. B. (2006). “Breaking out of the Security Dilemma: Realism, Reassurance, and the Problem of Uncertainty”, International Security, Vol: 31, Issue: 2, pp. 151–85.
  • NATO (2021). “NATO 2030”, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2021/6/pdf/2106-factsheet-nato2030-en.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • NATO (2022a). “NATO releases its Climate Change and Security Impact Assessment”, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_197241.htm, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • NATO (2022b). “Madrid Summit Declaration”, Press Release 095, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951.htm, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Ndtv.com (2022). “Fear of Nuclear War Renewed As Russia Looks For Breakthrough In Ukraine”, https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/fear-of-nuclear-war-renewed-as-russia-looks-for-breakthrough-in-ukraine-3643800, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • OECD (2021). “Statement from OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann on climate finance in 2019”, https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/statement-from-oecd-secretary-general-mathias-cormann-on-climate-finance-in-2019.htm, (Accessed: 01.01.2023).
  • Payne, K. B. (2019). “Realism, Idealism, Deterrence, and Disarmament”, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol: 13, Issue: 3, pp. 7–37.
  • Sagan, S. D. and Waltz, K. N. (2002). The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed, New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Scholz, S. J. (2014). “Solidarity as a Human Right”, Archiv Des Völkerrechts, Vol: 52, Issue: 1, 49–67.
  • SIPRI (2022). “Global Nuclear Arsenals are Expected to Grow as States Continue to Modernize–New SIPRI Yearbook Out Now”, https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2022/global-nuclear-arsenals-are-expected-grow-states-continue-modernize-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now#:~:text=SIPRI%20estimates%20that%20the%20total,stockpile%20from%20225%20to%20260, (Accessed: 10.11.2022).
  • Spicker, P. (2014). “Cohesion, Exclusion and Social Quality”, The International Journal of Social Quality, Vol: 4, Issue: 1, pp. 95–107.
  • Taliaferro, J. (2001). “Security-Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Reconsidered”, International Security, Vol: 25, Issue: 03, pp. 128-161.
  • The White House (2022). “Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Races”, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/01/03/p5-statement-on-preventing-nuclear-war-and-avoiding-arms-races/, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • The White House (2023). “Joint Statement of the United States and Japan”, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/13/joint-statement-of-the-united-states-and-japan/, (Accessed: 16.01.2023).
  • UN Climate Change secretariat (UNFCCC Secretariat). https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/tierIII-indicators/files/13.a.1_Background.pdf, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2022). “#Envision2030:17 Goals to Transform The World For Persons With Disabilities”, https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/envision2030.html, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (2022). “Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)”, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • UNDP (2022).“Human Development Report 2021-2022”, https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • US Congressional Budget Office (2021). “Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2021 to 2030”, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57130, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • US Department of Defense (2022). “Nuclear Posture Review Report Immediate Release”, https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3201683/department-of-defense-releases-its-2022-strategic-reviews-national-defense-stra/#:~:text=The%202022%20NPR%20reaffirms%20that,our%20Allies%2C%20and%20our%20partners, (Accessed: 20.10.2022).
  • Waltz, K. N. (1959). Man, the State and War, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Waltz, K. N. (2012). “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better.” In Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and Peace, Richard K. Betts (Ed.), 4th Ed., New York: Rootledge.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası Güvenlik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Alkanalka 0000-0002-2311-935X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alkanalka, M. (2024). Nuclear Security Dilemma in Nuclear Multipolar World vs Zero Hunger. Uluslararası İlişkiler Ve Politika Dergisi, 4(1), 17-30.
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