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Development and Effectiveness of Psycho-Education Program Prevention of Sexual Abuse for Primary School Grade 3. And 4

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 70, 301 - 314, 30.09.2023

Sedef Ünsal Seydooğulları Emine Gül Kapçı

https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1262213.3

Öz

The aim of this study is to develop a psycho-education program called Personal Safety Awareness (PSA) psycho -education program to protect 3rd and 4th grade students from sexual abuse and to test the effectiveness of this program consisting of six sessions. The participants are 3rd and 4th grade students in a primary school in Izmit in Kocaeli province. 41 of the participants were assigned to the experimental group and 39 to the control group. Before and after the implementation of the training program pre-tests and post-tests related to the dependent variables, six months and a year after the implementation only the experimental group was given follow-up tests. The datas related to dependent variables were obtained through the Personal Safety Awareness Scale (PSAS) ) and Piers Harris' Self Concept of Children Scale (PHSCCS). In the analysis of parametric and nonparametric datas, statistics were used to compare the groups. There was a significant increase in the PSAS scores of the students and no significant increase was found in the PHSCCS who participated in the PSA program compared to the pre-practise measurements. PSA psycho-education program had an effective on increasing children's personal safety awareness scores and did not have an effect on the self-esteems scores. These results indicate that the program can be used in educational environments in order to increase students' awareness and knowledge about abuse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Primary school child sexual abuse personel safety awarennes psycho- education program self-esteem

Proje Numarası

Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Agirtan, C. A., Akar, T., Akbas, S., Akdur, R., Aydin, C., Aytar, G., ... & Beyazova, U. (2009). Establishment of interdisciplinary child protection teams in Turkey 2002–2006: Identifying the strongest link can make a difference!. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(4), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.
  • Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., Da Costa, G. A., Akman, D. & Cassavia, E. (1992). A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 101- 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90011-F
  • Berliner, L. & Elliot, D. M. (2002). Sexual abuse of children. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny & T. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (pp. 55–78). California: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J. & Fergusson, D. M. (2007). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(10), 1101- 1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.022.
  • Brassard, M. R. & Fiorvanti C. M. (2015). School-based child abuse prevention programs. Psychology in the Schools, 52(1), 40-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21811
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Experimental designs: Pretest-posttest control group design and data analysis. (2nd edition). Ankara: Pegem A Publising.
  • Church, P., Forehand, R., Brown, C. & Holmes, T. (1988). The prevention of sexual abuse: Examination of a program with kindergarten-age children. Behaviour Therapy, 19, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(88)80014-5
  • Crosson-Tower, C. (2008). Understanding child abuse and neglect. (7th edition). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Csorba, R., Tsikouras P., Lampe, R.& Poka, R. (2012). The sexual abuse of female children in hungary:20 years’ experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 286(1), 161–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2282-x
  • Currie, J. & Spatz Widom, C. (2010). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being. Child maltreatment, 15(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559509355316
  • Çeçen-Erogul, A. R.& Kaf Hasirci, O. (2013). The effectiveness of psycho-educational school-based child sexual abuse prevention training program on Turkish Elementary Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 725-729.
  • Demo, D. H. & Savin- Williams, R. C. (1983). Early adolescence self-esteem as a function of social class: Rosenberg and pearlin revisited. Am J. Sociology, 88(4), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1086/227732
  • Çıtak, T., G., Gorak, G., Ozyazıcıoglu, N., Ak, B., Işıl, O. & Vural, P. (2018). Preventing child sexual abuse: Body safety training for young children in Turkey. Journal of child sexual abuse, 27(4), 347-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1477001.
  • Deblinger, E., Stauffer, L. B., & Steer, R. A. (2001). Comparative efficacies of supportive and cognitive behavioral group therapies for children who were sexually abused and their nonoffending mothers. Maltreatment, 6(4), 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077559501006004006
  • Felder, R. M. & Silverman, L. K. (1988). Learning and teaching styles in engineering education.Engineering Education, 78(7), 674-681.
  • Fergusson, D.M., Geraldine, F.H., McLeod, L. & Horwood, J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.013
  • Finkelhor, D. & Dziuba-Leatherman, J. (1995). Victimization prevention programs: A national survey of children’s exposure and reactions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(2), 129–139. Retrieved February, 3, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(94)00111-7
  • Finkelhor, D. (2009). The prevention of childhood sexual abuse. The Future of Children, 19(2), 169-194. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ856320.pdf
  • Finkelhor, D. (2014). The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescence Health, 55, 329-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.026
  • Fryer, G. E., Kraizer, S. K. & Mlyoshi, T. (1987). Measuring actual reduction of risk to child abuse: A new approach. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(87)90055-X
  • Hebert, M., Lavoie, F., Piche, C. & Poitras, M. (2001). Proximate effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25,505-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00223-X
  • Irmak, T. Y., Aksel, Ş. & Thompson, D. (2016). Coping strategies and depression among college students following child sexual abuse in Turkey. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(8), 881–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1236871
  • Irmak, T. Y., Kızıltepe, R., Aksel, Ş., Güngör, D. & Eslek, D. (2018). Learning to protect myself with Mika: The effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention program. Türkish Journal of Psychology, 33(81),41-61. https://eskisehir.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443320180000m000003.pdf
  • İşeri, E. (2008).Sexual Abuse. F. Ç. Çetin, B. Pehlivantürk, F. Ünal, R. Uslu, E. İșeri, T. Türkbay, A. Coșkun, S. Miral & N. Motavallı. (Editors). Basic Book of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Ankara: Physicians Publications Association, 470-477.
  • Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M. & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164–180. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164
  • Kenny, M. C., Capri, V., R., R., Thakkar-Kolar, Ryan, E. E. & Runyon, M. K. (2008). “Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self-protection”, Child Abuse Rev, 17 (1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1012
  • Kenny, M. C. (2009). Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groupr for preschoolers and their parents. The Journal For Specialists ın Group Work, 34 (1), 24-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920802600824
  • Koçtürk, N., Ulaş, Ö., & Bilginer, Ç. (2019). Career development and educational status of the sexual abuse victims: The first data from Turkey. School Mental Health, 11(1), 179-190.
  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York, International Universities Press.
  • Kolb, D. (1985). Learning style inventory: Self scoring inventory and interpretation booklet. Boston: McBer and Company.
  • Kraizer, S., Witte, S. S. & Fryer G. E. (1989). Child sexual abuse prevention programs: What makes them effective in protecting children? Children Today, 18(5), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CG00R4 adresinden 28.02.2018
  • Kraizer, S. (1994). The Safe Child Program (Teacher- Parent, Preschool, Kindergarten, First- Second-Third Grade). Coalition for Children.
  • Lanning, B. & Massey-Stokes, M. (2006). Child sexual abuse prevention programs in Texas accredited non-public schools. American Journal of Health Studies, 21(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1999.tb02333.x
  • Maclntyre, D. & Carr, A. (1999). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stay Safe primary prevention program fr child sexual abuse. Child Abuse& Neglect, 23, (12), 1307-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00092-7
  • Mendelson, T. & Letourneau, E.J. (2015). Parent-focused prevention of child sexual abuse. Prev. Sci., 16, 844-852. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-015-0553-z
  • Mullen, P. E. , Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E. & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional ve sexual abuse of children: A community study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 1, 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3
  • Nickel, M. K., Tritt, K., Mitterlehner, F. O., Leiberich, Nickel, C., Lahmann, C., Forthuber, P., Rother, W. K. & Loew, T. H. (2004). Sexual abuse in childhood and youth as psychopathologically relevant life occurrence: Cross-sectional survey. Croatian Medical Journal, 45(4), 483–489.
  • Oral, R., Can, D., Kaplan, S., Polat, S., Ates, N., Cetin, G., ... & Bulguc, A. G. (2001). Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases. Child abuse & neglect, 25(2), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00241-6
  • Öner, N. (1994). Piers-Harris'in çocuklarda öz-kavramı ölçeği el kitabı. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
  • Özkan, İ. (1994). Factors affecting self-esteem. Düşünen Adam, 7(3), 4-9. https://arsiv.dusunenadamdergisi.org/tr/DergiPdf
  • Pitts, C. (2015). Child sexual abuse prevention programs for pre-schoolers: A synthesis of current evidence, Sydney. www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/research.
  • Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten- year research update review: Child sexual abuse. American Academy Child& Adolescent Psychiatry. 42 (3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200303000-00006
  • Rispens J., Aleman A. & Goudena P. (1997). Prevention of child sexual victimization: A meta- analysis of school programs. Child Abuse Negl, 21, 975–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00058-6
  • Roberts R., O’Connor T., Dunn J., Golding J. & The ALSPAC Study Team (2004). The effects of child sexual abuse in later family life; mental health, parenting and adjustment of offspring. Child Abuse& Neglect, 25, 525–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.07.006
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Measures package,61, 52. http://www.integrativehealthpartners.org/downloads/ACTmeasures.pdf#page=61
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on -child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077559511403920
  • Tailor, K., Piotrowski, C., Woodgate, R. L. & Letourneau, N. (2014). Child sexual abuse and adult religious life: challenges of theory and method. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 865-884. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.960633
  • Tutty, L. M. (1997). Child sexual abuse prevention programs: Evaluating who do you tell, Child Abuse & Negl, 21 (9), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00048-3
  • Tutty, L. M. (2000). What children learn from sexual abuse prevention programs: Difficult concepts and developmental ıssues. Research on Social Work Practice, 10, 275-300. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104973150001000301
  • Uçar, M. (2014). Examining the effectiveness of the sexual abuse prevention skills curriculum prepared based on the cognitive process approach [Unpublished master's thesis]. Abant İzzet Baysal University.
  • Usta, M. B., Akbaş, S., & Aydın, B. (2018). Behavioural problems associated with child sexual abuse in adolescents: A retrospective study. Konuralp Medical Journal, 10(2), 188-193.
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  • Wurtele, S. K. (2007). Teaching young children personal body safety: The body safety training workbook. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Department of Psychology.
  • Wurtele, S. K. (2009). Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of child sexual abuse, 18(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538710802584650
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 70, 301 - 314, 30.09.2023

Sedef Ünsal Seydooğulları Emine Gül Kapçı

https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1262213.3

Öz

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır

Proje Numarası

Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır

Teşekkür

Teşekkür edilecek kişi veya kurum bulunmamaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Agirtan, C. A., Akar, T., Akbas, S., Akdur, R., Aydin, C., Aytar, G., ... & Beyazova, U. (2009). Establishment of interdisciplinary child protection teams in Turkey 2002–2006: Identifying the strongest link can make a difference!. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(4), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.
  • Beitchman, J. H., Zucker, K. J., Hood, J. E., Da Costa, G. A., Akman, D. & Cassavia, E. (1992). A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 101- 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90011-F
  • Berliner, L. & Elliot, D. M. (2002). Sexual abuse of children. In J. E. B. Myers, L. Berliner, J. Briere, C. T. Hendrix, C. Jenny & T. A. Reid (Eds.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (pp. 55–78). California: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
  • Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J. & Fergusson, D. M. (2007). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(10), 1101- 1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.022.
  • Brassard, M. R. & Fiorvanti C. M. (2015). School-based child abuse prevention programs. Psychology in the Schools, 52(1), 40-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21811
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Experimental designs: Pretest-posttest control group design and data analysis. (2nd edition). Ankara: Pegem A Publising.
  • Church, P., Forehand, R., Brown, C. & Holmes, T. (1988). The prevention of sexual abuse: Examination of a program with kindergarten-age children. Behaviour Therapy, 19, 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(88)80014-5
  • Crosson-Tower, C. (2008). Understanding child abuse and neglect. (7th edition). Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Csorba, R., Tsikouras P., Lampe, R.& Poka, R. (2012). The sexual abuse of female children in hungary:20 years’ experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 286(1), 161–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2282-x
  • Currie, J. & Spatz Widom, C. (2010). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being. Child maltreatment, 15(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559509355316
  • Çeçen-Erogul, A. R.& Kaf Hasirci, O. (2013). The effectiveness of psycho-educational school-based child sexual abuse prevention training program on Turkish Elementary Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 725-729.
  • Demo, D. H. & Savin- Williams, R. C. (1983). Early adolescence self-esteem as a function of social class: Rosenberg and pearlin revisited. Am J. Sociology, 88(4), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1086/227732
  • Çıtak, T., G., Gorak, G., Ozyazıcıoglu, N., Ak, B., Işıl, O. & Vural, P. (2018). Preventing child sexual abuse: Body safety training for young children in Turkey. Journal of child sexual abuse, 27(4), 347-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1477001.
  • Deblinger, E., Stauffer, L. B., & Steer, R. A. (2001). Comparative efficacies of supportive and cognitive behavioral group therapies for children who were sexually abused and their nonoffending mothers. Maltreatment, 6(4), 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077559501006004006
  • Felder, R. M. & Silverman, L. K. (1988). Learning and teaching styles in engineering education.Engineering Education, 78(7), 674-681.
  • Fergusson, D.M., Geraldine, F.H., McLeod, L. & Horwood, J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.013
  • Finkelhor, D. & Dziuba-Leatherman, J. (1995). Victimization prevention programs: A national survey of children’s exposure and reactions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(2), 129–139. Retrieved February, 3, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(94)00111-7
  • Finkelhor, D. (2009). The prevention of childhood sexual abuse. The Future of Children, 19(2), 169-194. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ856320.pdf
  • Finkelhor, D. (2014). The lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and sexual assault assessed in late adolescence. Journal of Adolescence Health, 55, 329-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.026
  • Fryer, G. E., Kraizer, S. K. & Mlyoshi, T. (1987). Measuring actual reduction of risk to child abuse: A new approach. Child Abuse & Neglect, 11(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(87)90055-X
  • Hebert, M., Lavoie, F., Piche, C. & Poitras, M. (2001). Proximate effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25,505-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00223-X
  • Irmak, T. Y., Aksel, Ş. & Thompson, D. (2016). Coping strategies and depression among college students following child sexual abuse in Turkey. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(8), 881–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2016.1236871
  • Irmak, T. Y., Kızıltepe, R., Aksel, Ş., Güngör, D. & Eslek, D. (2018). Learning to protect myself with Mika: The effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention program. Türkish Journal of Psychology, 33(81),41-61. https://eskisehir.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443320180000m000003.pdf
  • İşeri, E. (2008).Sexual Abuse. F. Ç. Çetin, B. Pehlivantürk, F. Ünal, R. Uslu, E. İșeri, T. Türkbay, A. Coșkun, S. Miral & N. Motavallı. (Editors). Basic Book of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Ankara: Physicians Publications Association, 470-477.
  • Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M. & Finkelhor, D. (1993). Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 164–180. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164
  • Kenny, M. C., Capri, V., R., R., Thakkar-Kolar, Ryan, E. E. & Runyon, M. K. (2008). “Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self-protection”, Child Abuse Rev, 17 (1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1012
  • Kenny, M. C. (2009). Child sexual abuse prevention: Psychoeducational groupr for preschoolers and their parents. The Journal For Specialists ın Group Work, 34 (1), 24-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920802600824
  • Koçtürk, N., Ulaş, Ö., & Bilginer, Ç. (2019). Career development and educational status of the sexual abuse victims: The first data from Turkey. School Mental Health, 11(1), 179-190.
  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York, International Universities Press.
  • Kolb, D. (1985). Learning style inventory: Self scoring inventory and interpretation booklet. Boston: McBer and Company.
  • Kraizer, S., Witte, S. S. & Fryer G. E. (1989). Child sexual abuse prevention programs: What makes them effective in protecting children? Children Today, 18(5), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CG00R4 adresinden 28.02.2018
  • Kraizer, S. (1994). The Safe Child Program (Teacher- Parent, Preschool, Kindergarten, First- Second-Third Grade). Coalition for Children.
  • Lanning, B. & Massey-Stokes, M. (2006). Child sexual abuse prevention programs in Texas accredited non-public schools. American Journal of Health Studies, 21(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1999.tb02333.x
  • Maclntyre, D. & Carr, A. (1999). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stay Safe primary prevention program fr child sexual abuse. Child Abuse& Neglect, 23, (12), 1307-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00092-7
  • Mendelson, T. & Letourneau, E.J. (2015). Parent-focused prevention of child sexual abuse. Prev. Sci., 16, 844-852. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-015-0553-z
  • Mullen, P. E. , Martin, J. L., Anderson, J. C., Romans, S. E. & Herbison, G. P. (1996). The long-term impact of the physical, emotional ve sexual abuse of children: A community study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 1, 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00112-3
  • Nickel, M. K., Tritt, K., Mitterlehner, F. O., Leiberich, Nickel, C., Lahmann, C., Forthuber, P., Rother, W. K. & Loew, T. H. (2004). Sexual abuse in childhood and youth as psychopathologically relevant life occurrence: Cross-sectional survey. Croatian Medical Journal, 45(4), 483–489.
  • Oral, R., Can, D., Kaplan, S., Polat, S., Ates, N., Cetin, G., ... & Bulguc, A. G. (2001). Child abuse in Turkey: an experience in overcoming denial and a description of 50 cases. Child abuse & neglect, 25(2), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00241-6
  • Öner, N. (1994). Piers-Harris'in çocuklarda öz-kavramı ölçeği el kitabı. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
  • Özkan, İ. (1994). Factors affecting self-esteem. Düşünen Adam, 7(3), 4-9. https://arsiv.dusunenadamdergisi.org/tr/DergiPdf
  • Pitts, C. (2015). Child sexual abuse prevention programs for pre-schoolers: A synthesis of current evidence, Sydney. www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/research.
  • Putnam, F. W. (2003). Ten- year research update review: Child sexual abuse. American Academy Child& Adolescent Psychiatry. 42 (3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200303000-00006
  • Rispens J., Aleman A. & Goudena P. (1997). Prevention of child sexual victimization: A meta- analysis of school programs. Child Abuse Negl, 21, 975–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00058-6
  • Roberts R., O’Connor T., Dunn J., Golding J. & The ALSPAC Study Team (2004). The effects of child sexual abuse in later family life; mental health, parenting and adjustment of offspring. Child Abuse& Neglect, 25, 525–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.07.006
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Measures package,61, 52. http://www.integrativehealthpartners.org/downloads/ACTmeasures.pdf#page=61
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on -child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 79–101. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077559511403920
  • Tailor, K., Piotrowski, C., Woodgate, R. L. & Letourneau, N. (2014). Child sexual abuse and adult religious life: challenges of theory and method. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23, 865-884. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.960633
  • Tutty, L. M. (1997). Child sexual abuse prevention programs: Evaluating who do you tell, Child Abuse & Negl, 21 (9), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00048-3
  • Tutty, L. M. (2000). What children learn from sexual abuse prevention programs: Difficult concepts and developmental ıssues. Research on Social Work Practice, 10, 275-300. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104973150001000301
  • Uçar, M. (2014). Examining the effectiveness of the sexual abuse prevention skills curriculum prepared based on the cognitive process approach [Unpublished master's thesis]. Abant İzzet Baysal University.
  • Usta, M. B., Akbaş, S., & Aydın, B. (2018). Behavioural problems associated with child sexual abuse in adolescents: A retrospective study. Konuralp Medical Journal, 10(2), 188-193.
  • Wurtele, S. K. (1990). Teaching personal safety skills to four-year-old children: A behavioral approach. Behavior Therapy, 21, 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80186-8
  • Wurtele, S., Kvaternick, M., & Franklin, C. F. (1992). “Sexual abuse prevention for preschoolers: A survey of parents’ behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs”. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1 (1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v01n01_08
  • Wurtele, S. K. & Owens, J. S. (1997). Teaching personal safety skills to young children: an investigation of age and gender across five studies. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21 (8), 805-814. from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00040-9
  • Wurtele, S. K. (2007). Teaching young children personal body safety: The body safety training workbook. University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Department of Psychology.
  • Wurtele, S. K. (2009). Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of child sexual abuse, 18(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538710802584650
  • Yörükoğlu, A. (2007). Family and child. Istanbul: Free Publishing.
  • Ziyalar, N. (1998). An educational model proposal for the protection of children from sexual abuse [doctoral thesis]. Istanbul University.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sedef Ünsal Seydooğulları 0000-0001-9067-1999

Emine Gül Kapçı 0000-0002-5094-9244

Proje Numarası Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 70

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünsal Seydooğulları, S., & Kapçı, E. G. (2023). Development and Effectiveness of Psycho-Education Program Prevention of Sexual Abuse for Primary School Grade 3. And 4. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 13(70), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1262213.3

!! From 30 November 2023, English language proofreading will be required for accepted articles to ensure language quality.