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KÜRESEL DİJİTAL REKABET GÜCÜ: DİJİTAL REKABET EDEBİLİRLİK GÖSTERGELERİ KAPSAMINDA TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 65 - 89, 31.01.2024

Emre İmamoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, IMD Dünya Dijital Rekabet Edebilirlik Endeksi 2022 raporundan elde edilen ikincil veriler kullanılarak, dünya dijital rekabet edebilirlik endeksinin Türkiye ve dünya genel değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. 63 ülkenin yer aldığı araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, özellikle Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika ülkelerinin dijital olgunluk seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu görülürken; Orta Doğu, Afrika ve Güney Amerika ülkelerinin pek çoğunda dijital olgunluk seviyesi oldukça düşüktür. Danimarka, Amerika, İsveç, Singapur ve İsviçre’nin ilk 5’te yer aldığı dünya genel sıralamasında Türkiye 54. sırada yer almaktadır. Öte yandan, sıralamanın oluşturulmasında kullanılan bilgi, teknoloji ve geleceğe hazırlık endekslerinde de Türkiye’nin sırasıyla 59., 54. ve 44. sıralarda yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Son 5 yıllık dünya dijital rekabet edebilirlik endeksi genel sıralaması incelendiğinde, Türkiye’nin son sıralarda bulunan yerini koruduğu yalnızca 2020 yılında yükseliş trendi gösterdiği ancak son iki senedir yeniden düşüş trendine girdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijitalleşme Dijital Dönüşüm Rekabet Dijitalleşme Endeksi Dijital Gelişme Türkiye

Kaynakça

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  • Alqaryoutia, O., ve Siyamb, N. (2018). Serverless Computing and Scheduling Tasks on Cloud: A Review. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 40(1): 235-247.
  • Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., ve Stoica, I. (2010). A View of Cloud Computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4): 50-58.
  • Armstrong, A., Chandler, J. H., ve Heng, B. C. P. (2010). Applying Close Range Digital Photogrammetry in soil Erosion Studies. The Photogrammetric Record, 25(131): 240-265.
  • Bakırtaş, T., ve Ustaömer, K. (2021). Türkiye’nin Bankacılık Sektöründe Dijitalleşme Olgusu. Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Dergisi, 3(1): 1-24.
  • Balcı, S., ve Özcan, S. (2019). İnsani Gelişmişlik ve Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: OIC Ülkeleri Üzerinde Bir Analiz. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 8(3): 222-235.
  • Bhutani, S., ve Paliwal, Y. (2015). Digitalization: A Step towards Sustainable Development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(12): 11-24.
  • Bozkurt, A., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Liman Kaban, A., Taşçı, G., ve Aykul, M. (2021). Dijital Bilgi Çağı: Dijital Toplum, Dijital Dönüşüm, Dijital Eğitim ve Dijital Yeterlilikler. Açık Öğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2): 35-63.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2015). Mobil Öğrenme: Her Zaman, Her Yerde Kesintisiz Öğrenme Deneyimi. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2): 65-81.
  • Brennen, J. S., ve Kreiss, D. (2016). Digitalization. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-11.
  • Brennen, S., ve Kreiss, D. (2014). Digitalization and Digitization, 2.01.2023 tarihinde https://culturedigitally.org/2014/09/digitalization-and-digitization/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Buchaev, A. G., Buchaev, Y. G., Abdulmanapov, S. G., Abdullaeva, Z. M., ve Mudunov, A. S. (2023). The Model of Sustainable Development of Economy Based on Digital Competitiveness Management. İçinde Challenges of the Modern Economy: Digital Technologies, Problems, and Focus Areas of the Sustainable Development of Country and Regions (s. 317-323). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Chakravarti, B., ve Chaturvedi, R. S. (2017). Digital Planet 2017: How Competitiveness and Trust in Digital Economies Vary Across the World. Tufts University: The Fletcher School.
  • Charniak, E., ve McDermot, D. (1985). Introduction to Artifical Intellingence. Boston: Addison-Wesley Company. Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., Bacao, F., ve Irani, Z. (2017). Assessing The Pattern Between Economic and Digital Development of Countries. Information Systems Frontiers, 19: 835-854.
  • Çark, Ö. (2019). Kurumsal Kaynak Planlama (KKP) Sistemleri. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dokuz, A., ve Çelik, M. (2017). Bulut Bilişim Sistemlerinde Verinin Farklı Boyutları Üzerine Derleme. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 316-338.
  • Esenalieva, B. B., Karabekova, A. K., ve Makkaeva, R. S. A. (2023). Advanced Development of Economies Based on the Digital Competitiveness: Consequences for the Balance and Financial Sustainability of the World Economic System. İçinde Challenges of the Modern Economy: Digital Technologies, Problems, and Focus Areas of the Sustainable Development of Country and Regions (s. 355-358). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Garelli S. (2015). Competitiveness of Nations: The Fundamentals, IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2015.
  • Grable, J. E., ve Lyon, A. C. (2018). An Introduction to Big Data. Economics & Investment Managament, 72(5): 17-20.
  • Haffke, I., Kalgovas, B., ve Benlian, A. (2016). The Role of the CIO and the CDO in An Organization’s Digital Transformation, In ICIS 2016 Proceedings.
  • Heavin, C., ve Power, D. J. (2018). Challenges for Digital Transformation-Towards A Conceptual Decision Support Guide For Managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(1): 38-45.
  • IMD Dünya Dijital Rekabet Edebilirlik Endeksi 2022 Raporu, https://www.imd.org/centers/wcc/world-competitiveness-center/rankings/world-digital-competitiveness-ranking/ 24.12.2022 tarihinde erişildi. International Monetary Fund. Measuring the Digital Economy 2018 Report, https://www.imf.org/external/error.htm?URL=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/%20Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/04/03/022818-measuring-the-digital-ec%20onomy 08.11.2023 tarihinde erişildi.
  • İmamoğlu, E., ve Barutcu, K. (2023). Türkiye’de Dijitalleşen Sektörlerde İş Gücü Niteliğindeki Gereksinimlerin Güncel İş İlanları ile Analizi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 7(2): 823-845.
  • İşman, A. (2013). Bilgisayar ve Eğitim. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0(2): 1-34.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, Y., ve Si, H. (2022). Digital Economy Development and the Urban-Rural Income Gap: Intensifying or Reducing. Land, 11(11): 1980.
  • Johansson, N., Roth, E., ve Reim, W. (2019). Smart and Sustainable eMaintenance: Capabilities for Digitalization of Maintenance. Sustainability, 11(13): 2-19.
  • Kalaycı, N. (2009). Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Akademisyenlerin Öğretim Performansını Değerlendirme Sürecinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 60(60): 625-656.
  • Karakaş, S., Rukancı, F., ve Anameriç, H. (2009). Belge Yönetimi ve Arşiv Terimleri Sözlüğü, Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara, Yayın No: 24.
  • Khan, S., ve Aftab, M. (2015). Digitization and Its Impact on Economy. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 5(2): 138-149.
  • Kong, D., Li, J., ve Jin, Z. (2023). Can Digital Economy Drive Income Level Growth in the Context of Sustainable Development? Fresh Evidence from “Broadband China”. Sustainability, 15(17): 13170.
  • Lee J. Y., Song, Y. A., Jung, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, B. R., Do, H. K., ve Lim, J. Y. (2018). Nurses' Needs for Care Robots in Integrated Nursing Care Services. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(9): 2094-2105.
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  • Mathew, H. L., ve Rodrigues, L. L. R. (2018). Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Cloud ERP Adoption-An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(6): 1559-1577.
  • Mezinova, I. A., Lazareva, N. V., Malinina, O. Y., Israilova, E. A., ve Magomedov, M. G. (2023). Contribution of Financial Management to the Digital Competitiveness. İçinde Anti-Crisis Approach to the Provision of the Environmental Sustainability of Economy (s. 119-129). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Mukhomorova, I. V., Akopova, E. S., Pavlova, L. K., ve Sheveleva, V. V. (2020). Global Competitiveness of The Digital Economy: The Problem of Measuring and Management. İçinde Digital Economy: Complexity and Variety vs. Rationality 9 (s. 23-29). Springer International Publishing.
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DIGITALIZATION AND TURKEY: EVALUATION FROM THE DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 65 - 89, 31.01.2024

Emre İmamoğlu

Öz

In this study, using the secondary data obtained from the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Index 2022 report, Turkey and the world general evaluation of the world digital competitiveness index was made. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research involving 63 countries, it is seen that the digital maturity levels of especially European and North American countries are high; In most of the Middle East, African and South American countries, the level of digital maturity is quite low. Turkey is in the 54th place in the world general ranking, where Denmark, America, Sweden, Singapore and Switzerland are in the top 5. On the other hand, it has been determined that Turkey ranks 59th, 54th and 44th, respectively, in the information, technology and future readiness indices used in the formation of the ranking. When the general ranking of the world digital competitiveness index for the last 5 years is examined, it has been determined that Turkey has maintained its place in the last place, showing an upward trend only in 2020, but has entered a downward trend again in the last two years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digitalization Digital Transformation Competition Digitalization Index Digital Development Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Alcácer, V., ve Cruz-Machado, V. (2019). Scanning the Industry 4.0: A Literature Review on Technologies for Manufacturing Systems. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 22(3): 899-919. Altay Topcu, B. (2021). Dijital Ekonomi ve Dijital Ekonomi Göstergelerinin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 4(2): 455-465.
  • Alqaryoutia, O., ve Siyamb, N. (2018). Serverless Computing and Scheduling Tasks on Cloud: A Review. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS), 40(1): 235-247.
  • Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., ve Stoica, I. (2010). A View of Cloud Computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4): 50-58.
  • Armstrong, A., Chandler, J. H., ve Heng, B. C. P. (2010). Applying Close Range Digital Photogrammetry in soil Erosion Studies. The Photogrammetric Record, 25(131): 240-265.
  • Bakırtaş, T., ve Ustaömer, K. (2021). Türkiye’nin Bankacılık Sektöründe Dijitalleşme Olgusu. Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Dergisi, 3(1): 1-24.
  • Balcı, S., ve Özcan, S. (2019). İnsani Gelişmişlik ve Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: OIC Ülkeleri Üzerinde Bir Analiz. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 8(3): 222-235.
  • Bhutani, S., ve Paliwal, Y. (2015). Digitalization: A Step towards Sustainable Development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(12): 11-24.
  • Bozkurt, A., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Liman Kaban, A., Taşçı, G., ve Aykul, M. (2021). Dijital Bilgi Çağı: Dijital Toplum, Dijital Dönüşüm, Dijital Eğitim ve Dijital Yeterlilikler. Açık Öğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2): 35-63.
  • Bozkurt, A. (2015). Mobil Öğrenme: Her Zaman, Her Yerde Kesintisiz Öğrenme Deneyimi. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2): 65-81.
  • Brennen, J. S., ve Kreiss, D. (2016). Digitalization. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy, 1-11.
  • Brennen, S., ve Kreiss, D. (2014). Digitalization and Digitization, 2.01.2023 tarihinde https://culturedigitally.org/2014/09/digitalization-and-digitization/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Buchaev, A. G., Buchaev, Y. G., Abdulmanapov, S. G., Abdullaeva, Z. M., ve Mudunov, A. S. (2023). The Model of Sustainable Development of Economy Based on Digital Competitiveness Management. İçinde Challenges of the Modern Economy: Digital Technologies, Problems, and Focus Areas of the Sustainable Development of Country and Regions (s. 317-323). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Chakravarti, B., ve Chaturvedi, R. S. (2017). Digital Planet 2017: How Competitiveness and Trust in Digital Economies Vary Across the World. Tufts University: The Fletcher School.
  • Charniak, E., ve McDermot, D. (1985). Introduction to Artifical Intellingence. Boston: Addison-Wesley Company. Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., Bacao, F., ve Irani, Z. (2017). Assessing The Pattern Between Economic and Digital Development of Countries. Information Systems Frontiers, 19: 835-854.
  • Çark, Ö. (2019). Kurumsal Kaynak Planlama (KKP) Sistemleri. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Dokuz, A., ve Çelik, M. (2017). Bulut Bilişim Sistemlerinde Verinin Farklı Boyutları Üzerine Derleme. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2): 316-338.
  • Esenalieva, B. B., Karabekova, A. K., ve Makkaeva, R. S. A. (2023). Advanced Development of Economies Based on the Digital Competitiveness: Consequences for the Balance and Financial Sustainability of the World Economic System. İçinde Challenges of the Modern Economy: Digital Technologies, Problems, and Focus Areas of the Sustainable Development of Country and Regions (s. 355-358). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Garelli S. (2015). Competitiveness of Nations: The Fundamentals, IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2015.
  • Grable, J. E., ve Lyon, A. C. (2018). An Introduction to Big Data. Economics & Investment Managament, 72(5): 17-20.
  • Haffke, I., Kalgovas, B., ve Benlian, A. (2016). The Role of the CIO and the CDO in An Organization’s Digital Transformation, In ICIS 2016 Proceedings.
  • Heavin, C., ve Power, D. J. (2018). Challenges for Digital Transformation-Towards A Conceptual Decision Support Guide For Managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(1): 38-45.
  • IMD Dünya Dijital Rekabet Edebilirlik Endeksi 2022 Raporu, https://www.imd.org/centers/wcc/world-competitiveness-center/rankings/world-digital-competitiveness-ranking/ 24.12.2022 tarihinde erişildi. International Monetary Fund. Measuring the Digital Economy 2018 Report, https://www.imf.org/external/error.htm?URL=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/%20Policy-Papers/Issues/2018/04/03/022818-measuring-the-digital-ec%20onomy 08.11.2023 tarihinde erişildi.
  • İmamoğlu, E., ve Barutcu, K. (2023). Türkiye’de Dijitalleşen Sektörlerde İş Gücü Niteliğindeki Gereksinimlerin Güncel İş İlanları ile Analizi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 7(2): 823-845.
  • İşman, A. (2013). Bilgisayar ve Eğitim. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 0(2): 1-34.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, Y., ve Si, H. (2022). Digital Economy Development and the Urban-Rural Income Gap: Intensifying or Reducing. Land, 11(11): 1980.
  • Johansson, N., Roth, E., ve Reim, W. (2019). Smart and Sustainable eMaintenance: Capabilities for Digitalization of Maintenance. Sustainability, 11(13): 2-19.
  • Kalaycı, N. (2009). Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Akademisyenlerin Öğretim Performansını Değerlendirme Sürecinde Kullanılan Yöntemler. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 60(60): 625-656.
  • Karakaş, S., Rukancı, F., ve Anameriç, H. (2009). Belge Yönetimi ve Arşiv Terimleri Sözlüğü, Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara, Yayın No: 24.
  • Khan, S., ve Aftab, M. (2015). Digitization and Its Impact on Economy. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 5(2): 138-149.
  • Kong, D., Li, J., ve Jin, Z. (2023). Can Digital Economy Drive Income Level Growth in the Context of Sustainable Development? Fresh Evidence from “Broadband China”. Sustainability, 15(17): 13170.
  • Lee J. Y., Song, Y. A., Jung, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Kim, B. R., Do, H. K., ve Lim, J. Y. (2018). Nurses' Needs for Care Robots in Integrated Nursing Care Services. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(9): 2094-2105.
  • Markusen, J. R., ve Strand, B. (2009). Adapting the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise to Trade and Investment in Business Services. The World Economy, 32(1): 6-29.
  • Mathew, H. L., ve Rodrigues, L. L. R. (2018). Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Cloud ERP Adoption-An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(6): 1559-1577.
  • Mezinova, I. A., Lazareva, N. V., Malinina, O. Y., Israilova, E. A., ve Magomedov, M. G. (2023). Contribution of Financial Management to the Digital Competitiveness. İçinde Anti-Crisis Approach to the Provision of the Environmental Sustainability of Economy (s. 119-129). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Mukhomorova, I. V., Akopova, E. S., Pavlova, L. K., ve Sheveleva, V. V. (2020). Global Competitiveness of The Digital Economy: The Problem of Measuring and Management. İçinde Digital Economy: Complexity and Variety vs. Rationality 9 (s. 23-29). Springer International Publishing.
  • Nabiyev, V. V. (2012). Yapay Zekâ: İnsan-Bilgisayar Etkileşimi. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Nuroğlu, E., ve Nuroğlu, H. H. (2018). Türkiye ve Almanya’nın Sanayide Dijital Dönüşümü: Yol Haritaları Ve Şirketlerin Karşılaştırması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(Endüstri 4.0 Ve Örgütsel Değişim Özel Sayısı): 1537-1560.
  • Okediran, O., Arulogun, O. T., Ganiyu R. A., ve Oyeleye, C. A. (2014). Mobile Operating Systems and Application Development Platforms: A Survey, International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, 6(1): 2195-2201.
  • Oxford English Dictionary, 29.01.2023 tarihinde https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ adresinden erişildi. Paraschiv, A. M., ve Danubianu, M. (2019). BIG DATA-Present Opportunities and Challenges. BRAIN–Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2): 5-21.
  • Pardi, F., Sahudin, Z., Abd Majid, M. A., Junos, S., ve Ali, N. A. M. (2021). Digital Economy and Sustainable Development Path in Selected Asian Countries. Global Business and Management Research, 13(4): 167-180. Parida, V. (2018). Digitalization, J. Frishammar, ve Å. Ericson içinde, Addressing Societal Challenges (s. 23-38), Lulea University of Technology.
  • Pohjola, M. (2002). The New Economy: Facts, Impacts and Policies. Information Economics and Policy 14: 133-144.
  • Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., ve Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and Its Influence on Business Model Innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(8): 1143-1160. Rouse, M. (2020). What Does Artificial Intelligence Mean?, 04.03.2022 tarihinde https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence 04.03.2022 adresinden erişildi.
  • Sagarik, D. (2023). Enhancing Digital Competitiveness Through the Lens of Digital Government Among Asian Economies. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age (IJPADA), 10(1): 1-11. Savić, D. (2019). From Digitization, Through Digitalization, to Digital Transformation. Online Searcher, 43(1): 36-39.
  • Schallmo, D. R., ve Williams, C. A. (2018). History of Digital Transformation. In Digital Transformation Now! Springer.
  • Schatz, D., Bashroush, R., ve Wall, J. (2017). Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 12(2): 53-74.
  • Schwertner, K. (2017). Digital Transformation of Business. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(1): 388-393.
  • Schumacher, A., Sihn, W., ve Erol, S. (2016). Automation, Digitization and Digitalization and Their Implications For Manufacturing Processes. Innovation and Sustainability, Bucharest International Scientific Conference. Sheng, J., Amankwah-Amoah, J., ve Wang, X. (2017), A Multidisciplinary Perspective of Big Data in Management Research. International Journal of Production Economics, 191: 97-112.
  • Sheveleva, V. V. (2019). Global Competitiveness of the Digital Economy: The Problem of Measuring and Management. Digital Economy: Complexity and Variety vs. Rationality, 87: 23.
  • Sutton, D. (2017). Cyber Security: A Practitioner's Guide. Swindon, UK: BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT. Tapscott, D. (1996). The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in The Age of Networked Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Tchelidze, L. (2019). Potential and Skill Requirements of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing. Quality-Access to Success, 20(3): 73-78.
  • Teichert, R. (2019). Digital Transformation Maturity: A Systematic Review of Literature. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(6): 1673-1687.
  • Tusińska M. (2014). Konkurencyjność Międzynarodowa A Rozwój Społeczno-Gospodarczy. Przypadek Polski Na Tle Krajów Unii Europejskiej. Prace Naukowe/Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny W Katowicach. Türkiye’nin Dijital Dönüşüm Endeksi (2022). TÜBİSAD Bilişim Sanayicileri Derneği.
  • Walenia, A. (2022). Competitiveness of The European Union Member States According to the Institute of Management Development Index (IMD). VUZF Review, 7(2): 229-235.
  • Williams, L. D. (2021). Concepts of Digital Economy and Industry 4.0 in Intelligent and Information Systems. International Journal of Intelligent Networks, 122–129. U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC). The Digital Economy 1998, https://www.commerce.gov/ 08.11.2023 tarihinde erişildi.
  • Varshney, U., ve Vetter, R. (2000). Emerging Mobile and Wireless Networks. Communications of the ACM, 43(6): 73-81.
  • Veruggio, G. (2006). The EURON Roboethics Roadmap, 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots Bildiriler El Kitabı, Italy: Genova.
  • Yavuz, B. (2014). Yeni İletişim Ortamı Olarak Mobil İletişim Teknolojilerinin Pazarlama İletişimi Etkinliğini Arttırmada Bağlam Temelli Kullanımı. Doktora Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 47.
  • Yu, Y., Ray , Q. C., ve Dara , S. (2017). Cloud Computing and Its Impact on Service Level: A Multi-Agent Simulation Model. International Journal of Production Research, 55(15). 4341-4353.
  • i-Scoop. (2020). i-Scoop. Erişim Adresi: https://www.i-scoop.eu/digital-transformation/ Walenia, A. (2022). Competitiveness of The European Union Member States According to The Institute of Management Development Index (IMD). VUZF Review, 7(2): 229.
  • Wallden, P., ve Kashefi, E. (2019). Cyber Security in The Quantum Era. Communications of the AC, 62(4): 120-129.
  • Ward, J. S., ve Barker, A. (2013). Undefined By Data: A Survey of Big Data Definitions. Arxiv Preprint Arxiv:1309.5821. Шталь, Т. В., ve Плєханов, К. В. (2023). Ukraine's Position in International Rankings Assessing The Level of Digital Development of Countries. Цифрова Економіка Та Економічна Безпека, 8(8): 22-28.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Emre İmamoğlu 0000-0002-5673-9766

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İmamoğlu, E. (2024). KÜRESEL DİJİTAL REKABET GÜCÜ: DİJİTAL REKABET EDEBİLİRLİK GÖSTERGELERİ KAPSAMINDA TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(1), 65-89.
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