Öz
“Kadın” ve “Cinsellik” yan yana dahi getirilmekten kaçınılmış iki kavram. Konuşulmayan, öğretilmeyen ve keşfedilirken birçok toplumsal engelle karşılaşan cinsellik, bireyin varoluşunun yadsınamaz bir parçası. Bu sebeple birçok konuda öteki haline gelmiş kadınların cinselliğe bakışını görebilmek amacıyla bu araştırma yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın önceliği, ele alınmayan bu konuyu bilimsel bir yöntemle inceleyerek bireyin farkındalık kazanmasına yardımcı olmaktır. Bir diğer amacı ise ortaya çıkan veriler aracılığıyla diğer bireylere ulaşarak konuyla ilgili toplumsal farkındalık oluşturmaktır.
Farklı eğitim düzeyine sahip kadınların cinselliğe bakışını incelerken Online Seslifoto (OSF) yöntemi kullanılmış ve katılımcılardan cinselliklerini tanımlayan temsili bir fotoğraf çekmeleri istenmiştir. Çektikleri bu fotoğrafa, GÖZSAN sorularından faydalanarak yazdıkları hikaye ile anlam katmışlardır. Son olarak ise, katılımcıların sözcüklerinin zarar görmemesi için “tema”nın onlar tarafından belirlendiği Online Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz (OYFA) yapılmış; bu temalar üzerinden tüm katılımcılar, araştırmacı tarafından belirlenen “ana tema” gruplarına dahil edilmiştir.
Çalışma sonunda 12 ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır. En sık tekrarlanan ana temalardan ilk üçü şöyle olmuştur: Hoşa giden/istenen duygular (aitlik duygusu, aşk, coşku, güven, heyecan, huzur, masumiyet/saflık, mutluluk, sevgi, şefkat, tutku, umut, zevk) ( n=56, % 32), hoşa giden/istenen bedensel hisler(ahenk/uyum, arzulamak, canlanma, cinsel uyarılma, dişil hissetmek, gevşeme/ enerji boşaltımı, güçlü hissetmek, hissetmek, orgazm, tanrıça gibi hissetmek) (n=28, %16), Hoşa giden/istenen davranışlar(dokunmak/temas, haz, ilgi, mastürbasyon, öpüşmek, saygı, seks, teslimiyet, yakınlık) (n=28, %16).
Katılımcıların cinsellik tanımlarına eğitim düzeyi boyutuyla bakılmış ve farklılık olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Eğitim düzeyinin cinselliği tanımlamada farklılaştığı yerin, “Özgürlük” ve “Varoluş- Kendini arama/tanıma/keşif” ana temaları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu temalar yalnızca lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitim düzeylerinden katılımcılar tarafından kullanılmıştır.
Pandemi döneminde yapılmış olan bu araştırma, Online Seslifoto (OSF) ve kadın cinselliğini ilk kez bir araya getirmesi sebebiyle alanyazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bayer, A. M., Alburqueque, M., (2014). Our world through our eyes: adolescents use photovoice to speak their mind on adolescent health, well-being, and sexuality in Lima, Peru. Health promotion practice, 15(5), 723-731. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914530400
- Boonzaier, F., & Zway, M. (2015). Young lesbian and bisexual women resisting discrimination and negotiating safety: A photovoice study: Original contributions. African safety promotion, 13(1), 7-29.
- Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği. (2008). Cinsel Yaşam ve Sorunları. https://www.cetad.org.tr/CetadData/Books/21/pdf-dosyasini-indirmek-icin-tiklayiniz.pdf
- Cornell, J., Ratele, K., & Kessi, S. (2016). Race, gender and sexuality in student experiences of violence and resistances on a university campus. Perspectives in Education, 34(2), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/pie.v34i2.8
- Dinç Kahraman, S. (2010). Kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi,3, 30–35.
- Dinçer, Ö. (2007). Namus ve Bekaret: Kuşaklar Arasında Değişen Ne? İki Kuşaktan Kadınların Cinsellik Algıları (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
- Desyllas, M. C. (2014). Using photovoice with sex workers: The power of art, agency and resistance. Qualitative Social Work, 13(4), 477-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325013496596
- Doyumğaç, İ., Tanhan, A., & Kıymaz, M. S., (2021). Understanding the most important facilitators and barriers for online education during COVID-19 through online photovoice methodology. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(1), 166-190. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n1p166
- Foster-Fishman, P., Nowell, B., Deacon, Z., Nievar, M.A. & McCann, P. (2005). Using Methods That Matter: The İmpact of Reflection, Dialogue and Voice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(3-4), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-005-8626-y
- Komut, S. (2011). Türkiye’de kadın, cinsellik ve kürtaj. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1).
- Mamary, E., McCright, J., & Roe, K. (2007). Our lives: An examination of sexual health issues using photovoice by non‐gay identified African American men who have sex with men. Culture, health & sexuality, 9(4), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050601035415
- McIntyre, A. (2003). Through the eyes of women: Photovoice and participatory research as tools for reimagining place. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 10(1), 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369032000052658
- Palibroda, B., Krieg, B., Murdock, L. & Havelock, J. (2009). A Practical Guide to Photovoice: Sharing Pictures, Tellıng Stories And Changing Communities. http://www.pwhce.ca/photovoice/pdf/Photovoice_Manual.pdf
- Paris, G. (2016). Cinselliğin Önemi: Arzuya Kavuşmak. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Payne, D. A., Hickey, H., Nelson, A., Rees, K., Bollinger, H., & Hartley, S. (2016). Physically disabled women and sexual identity: a PhotoVoice study. Disability & Society, 31(8), 1030-1049. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2016.1230044
- Sutherland, C., & Cheng, Y. (2009). Participatory-action research with (im) migrant women in two small Canadian cities: Using photovoice in Kingston and Peterborough, Ontario. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 7(3), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940903150089
- Tanhan, A. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde Online Seslifoto (OSF) yöntemiyle biyopsikososyal manevi ve ekonomik meseleleri ve genel iyi oluş düzeyini ele almak: OSF’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması. [Utilizing Online Photovoice (OPV) methodology to address biopsychosocial spiritual economic issues and wellbeing during COVID-19: Adapting OPV to Turkish.] Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1029-1086. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44451
- Tanhan, A., & Strack, R. W. (2020). Online photovoice to explore and advocate for Muslim biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and issues: Ecological systems theory and ally development. Current Psychology, 39(6), 2010-2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00692-6
- Teti, M., Murray, C., Johnson, L., & Binson, D. (2012). Photovoice as a community-based participatory research method among women living with HIV/AIDS: Ethical opportunities and challenges. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 7(4), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2012.7.4.34
- Veysal, Ç., 2010 Cinsellik, Sevgi ve Aşkın Diyalektiği. FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (9), 49-76.
- Wang, C.,& Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behaviour,24, 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400309
- Wang, C. C. (1999). Photovoice: A participatory action research strategy applied to women's health. Journal of women's health, 8(2), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1999.8.185
- Willson, K., Green, K., Haworth-Brockman, M. & Beck, R. R. (2006). Looking out: Prairie women use photovoice methods to fight poverty. Canadian Woman Studies, 25(3).
Examining the Views Of Women with Different Education Levels About Sexuality by Using Online Photovoice Methodology (OPV)
Öz
'Women' and 'Sexuality' are two concepts that rarely exist in the same context. Sexuality which is not spoken and taught is an undeniable part of the existence of an individual, and it might be encountered with many social difficulties while discovering it. This research aims to understand the sexual view of women who are otherized. The priority of this research is to raise awareness about this topic that is not fairly discussed. Another purpose of this research is to create social awareness about the subject by reaching other people via collected data.
While studying the perspective of women with different education levels on sexuality, Online Photovoice (OPV) is used, and they are asked to take a symbolic photograph of themselves that characterizes their sexuality. They give meaning to these photographs with the stories which they have written by benefiting from the questions of SHOWED. In the end, to avoid the loss of the words, Online Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (OIPA), which enables the participants to choose the theme, is implemented. All the participants are included in the main theme groups that are specified by the researchers.
There are 12 main themes in this research. These are the most frequently repeated three themes: pleasing/preferred feelings (sense of belonging, love, enthusiasm, trust, excitement, peace, purity, happiness, compassion, passion, hope, and pleasure) (n=56, %32), pleasing/preferred physical feelings (harmony, desire, sexual arousal, feeling feminine, discharging, feeling strong, orgasm, feeling like a Goddess) (n=28, %16), pleasing/preferred attitudes (physical contact, pleasure, attention, masturbation, kissing, respect, sex, submission, intimacy) (n=28, %16).
The sexuality definitions of the participantsare assessed with the extent of education level. It is concluded that the level of education differs in defining sexuality in the main themes such as freedom and existence- self-acquaintance/self-discovery. These themes are used only by undergraduates, graduates, and postgraduates.
This research which is conducted during the pandemic is supposed to contribute to the literature, as it is the first to combine Online Photovoice (OPV) and the sexuality of women.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bayer, A. M., Alburqueque, M., (2014). Our world through our eyes: adolescents use photovoice to speak their mind on adolescent health, well-being, and sexuality in Lima, Peru. Health promotion practice, 15(5), 723-731. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914530400
- Boonzaier, F., & Zway, M. (2015). Young lesbian and bisexual women resisting discrimination and negotiating safety: A photovoice study: Original contributions. African safety promotion, 13(1), 7-29.
- Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği. (2008). Cinsel Yaşam ve Sorunları. https://www.cetad.org.tr/CetadData/Books/21/pdf-dosyasini-indirmek-icin-tiklayiniz.pdf
- Cornell, J., Ratele, K., & Kessi, S. (2016). Race, gender and sexuality in student experiences of violence and resistances on a university campus. Perspectives in Education, 34(2), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/pie.v34i2.8
- Dinç Kahraman, S. (2010). Kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine yönelik görüşlerinin belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi,3, 30–35.
- Dinçer, Ö. (2007). Namus ve Bekaret: Kuşaklar Arasında Değişen Ne? İki Kuşaktan Kadınların Cinsellik Algıları (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
- Desyllas, M. C. (2014). Using photovoice with sex workers: The power of art, agency and resistance. Qualitative Social Work, 13(4), 477-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325013496596
- Doyumğaç, İ., Tanhan, A., & Kıymaz, M. S., (2021). Understanding the most important facilitators and barriers for online education during COVID-19 through online photovoice methodology. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(1), 166-190. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n1p166
- Foster-Fishman, P., Nowell, B., Deacon, Z., Nievar, M.A. & McCann, P. (2005). Using Methods That Matter: The İmpact of Reflection, Dialogue and Voice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(3-4), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-005-8626-y
- Komut, S. (2011). Türkiye’de kadın, cinsellik ve kürtaj. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1).
- Mamary, E., McCright, J., & Roe, K. (2007). Our lives: An examination of sexual health issues using photovoice by non‐gay identified African American men who have sex with men. Culture, health & sexuality, 9(4), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050601035415
- McIntyre, A. (2003). Through the eyes of women: Photovoice and participatory research as tools for reimagining place. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 10(1), 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369032000052658
- Palibroda, B., Krieg, B., Murdock, L. & Havelock, J. (2009). A Practical Guide to Photovoice: Sharing Pictures, Tellıng Stories And Changing Communities. http://www.pwhce.ca/photovoice/pdf/Photovoice_Manual.pdf
- Paris, G. (2016). Cinselliğin Önemi: Arzuya Kavuşmak. Ayrıntı Yayınları.
- Payne, D. A., Hickey, H., Nelson, A., Rees, K., Bollinger, H., & Hartley, S. (2016). Physically disabled women and sexual identity: a PhotoVoice study. Disability & Society, 31(8), 1030-1049. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2016.1230044
- Sutherland, C., & Cheng, Y. (2009). Participatory-action research with (im) migrant women in two small Canadian cities: Using photovoice in Kingston and Peterborough, Ontario. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 7(3), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940903150089
- Tanhan, A. (2020). COVID-19 sürecinde Online Seslifoto (OSF) yöntemiyle biyopsikososyal manevi ve ekonomik meseleleri ve genel iyi oluş düzeyini ele almak: OSF’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması. [Utilizing Online Photovoice (OPV) methodology to address biopsychosocial spiritual economic issues and wellbeing during COVID-19: Adapting OPV to Turkish.] Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1029-1086. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44451
- Tanhan, A., & Strack, R. W. (2020). Online photovoice to explore and advocate for Muslim biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and issues: Ecological systems theory and ally development. Current Psychology, 39(6), 2010-2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00692-6
- Teti, M., Murray, C., Johnson, L., & Binson, D. (2012). Photovoice as a community-based participatory research method among women living with HIV/AIDS: Ethical opportunities and challenges. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 7(4), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2012.7.4.34
- Veysal, Ç., 2010 Cinsellik, Sevgi ve Aşkın Diyalektiği. FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (9), 49-76.
- Wang, C.,& Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behaviour,24, 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400309
- Wang, C. C. (1999). Photovoice: A participatory action research strategy applied to women's health. Journal of women's health, 8(2), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1999.8.185
- Willson, K., Green, K., Haworth-Brockman, M. & Beck, R. R. (2006). Looking out: Prairie women use photovoice methods to fight poverty. Canadian Woman Studies, 25(3).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 10 Ağustos 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Mayıs 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2 |
