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İNGİLİZ BAROĞU: LONDRA ST. PAUL KATEDRALİ’NİN CEPHE TASARIMI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 381 - 396, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1074154

Öz

“Barok” kelimesi, Portekizce “Barucca” sözünden gelmektedir. Portekizce’de garip biçimli, eğri büğrü incilere verilen bu küçültücü isim; aradan yüzyıl geçtiği halde Rönesans ilkelerine bağlı olan kişilerce konulmuştur. XVI. yüzyılda Roma Kilisesi Rönesans Hümanizmi ve Proteston reformu karşısında kaybettiği itibarını geri kazanmak amacıyla Karşı Reform ya da Katolik Reform olarak değerlendirilebilecek hareketi geliştirmiştir. Bu hareketin sanata yansıması sonraları “Barok” ismi ile anılmaya başlamıştır. Barok üslubun ise diğer üsluplara göre İngilizler tarafından daha az benimsendiği takip edilebilir bir detaydır. Bunun nedenini aslında Barok mimarinin oluşumundaki etmenlerde bulmak olasıdır. Barok sanat Katolik Reform’un sonucudur. Dolayısıyla Katolik ruhunu yansıtan bir mimari şekillenmedir. Bu durum da İngiltere’nin Anglikan mimarisinde tercih edilme oranının azlığı tabii bir sonuçtur.
Anglikan mezhebine mensup olan İngiltere’de Christopher Wren önderliğinde Barok mimari örnekleri inşa edilmeye başlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada İngiltere’nin başkenti Londra’da Barok üslupta inşa edilmiş ilk kilise olan St. Paul Kilisesi’nin cephe tasarımları üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylelikle üsluba bağlı cephe düzenlemeleri yapı özelinde tanıtılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, L. S. (2011). A History of Western Art. McGraw-Hill.
  • Andersen, L. (1969). Baroque and Rococo Art. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Bede, C. J. (1910). Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. John Stevens.
  • Blunt, A. (1988). Baroque and Rococo Architecture and Decoration. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Campbell, J. W. P. (2007). Building St. Paul’s. Thames and Husdon.
  • Carl, K. H. & Charles, V. (2009). Baroque Art. trans. Gunther Roth. Parkstone Press.
  • Downes, K. (1966). English Baroque Architecture. A. Zwemmer Ltd.
  • Ducher, R. (1988). Caracteristique des Styles. Flammarion.
  • Dugdale, W. (1658). The History of St. Pauls Cathedral in London. Tho. Warren.
  • Elton, G. R. (1990). The New Cambridge Modern History the Reformation 1520-1559. Cambridge University Press.
  • Fletcher, B. (1962). A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. Athlone Press.
  • Garmonsway, G. N. (1953). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Dent.
  • Held, J. S. & Posner, D. (1971). 17th and 18th Century Art Baroque Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Hibbard, H. (1977). Masterpieces of Western Sculpture from Medieval from Medieval to Modern. Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Lang, J. (1956). Rebuilding St Paul's after the Great Fire of London. Oxford University Press.
  • Lehmberg: E. (2014). The Reformation of Cathedrals: Cathedrals in English Society. Princeton University Press.
  • Linder, R. D. (2008). The Reformation Era. Greenwood Press.
  • Maccaffrey, J. (1914). History of Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution I. Dodo Press.
  • Mayer, T. F. (2016). Reforming Reformation. Routledge.
  • Minor, V. H. (1999). Baroque & Rokoko Art & Culture. Prentice Hall.
  • Morrissey, M. (2011). Politics and the Paul's Cross Sermons, 1558-1642. University Press.
  • Müller, W. & Vogel, G. (1997). Atlante di Architettura. Ulrico Hoepli Editore.
  • Neuman, R. (2013). Baroque and Rococo Art and Architecture. Pearson.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1998). Architettura Barocca. Electa.
  • Pensver, N. (1977). Ana Çizgileriyle Avrupa Mimarlığı. çev. Selçuk Batur. Cem Yayınevi.
  • Pratt, P. B. (1995). Architecture. Lucent Books.
  • Roth, L. M. (1993). Understanding Architecture Its Elements, History and Meaning. HarperCollins Publishers.
  • Roth, L. M. (2014). Mimarlığın Öyküsü. çev. Ergün Akça. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Saari, P. & Saari, A. (2002). Renaissance & Reformation Biographies I. Thomson Gale.
  • Summerson, J. (1983). Architecture of Britain 1530–1830. The Pelican History of Art. Penguin Books.
  • Tapie, V. L. (1961). The Age of Grandeur Baroque Art and Architecture. trans. A. Ross Williamson. Frederick A. Praeger.
  • Tapie, V. L. (1992). Barok. çev. Galip Üstün. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yarwood, D. (1994). Architecture of Europe-Classical Architecture 1420-1800. B.T. Batsford Ltd.
  • Yiğitpaşa, N. T. & Akın Ertek, G. (2020). XVIII. Yüzyıl Berlin Kiliselerinde Neoklasik Üslup. Amisos Dergisi, 5(8), 219-258.
  • Yiğitpaşa, N. T. & Ceylan, S. (2021). Güney İtalya Lecce’de Barok Dönem (XVII. Yüzyıl) Kilise Süslemeleri. Amisos Dergisi, 6(11), 202-219.

BRITISH BAROQUE: LONDON FACADE DESIGN OF ST. PAUL CATHEDRAL

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 381 - 396, 31.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1074154

Öz

The word "Baroque" comes from the Portuguese word "Barucca". This diminutive name given to oddly shaped, crooked pearls in Portuguese; Although a century has passed, it was put by people who adhere to the principles of the Renaissance. In the 16th century, the Roman Church developed the movement that can be considered as the Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation in order to regain its lost reputation in the face of Renaissance Humanism and the Protestant reform. The reflection of this movement on art began to be known as "Baroque". It is a traceable detail that the Baroque style was less adopted by the British than other styles. It is possible to find the reason for this in the factors in the formation of Baroque architecture. Baroque art is the result of the Catholic Reformation. Therefore, it is an architectural formation that reflects the Catholic spirit. This is a natural result of the low rate of preference in England's Anglican architecture.
In England, which is a member of the Anglican sect, examples of Baroque architecture began to be built under the leadership of Christopher Wren.
In this study, the façade designs of St. Paul's Church, which was the first church built in the Baroque style in London, the capital of England, were emphasized. Thus, stylistic façade arrangements have been introduced specifically for the building.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, L. S. (2011). A History of Western Art. McGraw-Hill.
  • Andersen, L. (1969). Baroque and Rococo Art. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Bede, C. J. (1910). Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. John Stevens.
  • Blunt, A. (1988). Baroque and Rococo Architecture and Decoration. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Campbell, J. W. P. (2007). Building St. Paul’s. Thames and Husdon.
  • Carl, K. H. & Charles, V. (2009). Baroque Art. trans. Gunther Roth. Parkstone Press.
  • Downes, K. (1966). English Baroque Architecture. A. Zwemmer Ltd.
  • Ducher, R. (1988). Caracteristique des Styles. Flammarion.
  • Dugdale, W. (1658). The History of St. Pauls Cathedral in London. Tho. Warren.
  • Elton, G. R. (1990). The New Cambridge Modern History the Reformation 1520-1559. Cambridge University Press.
  • Fletcher, B. (1962). A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. Athlone Press.
  • Garmonsway, G. N. (1953). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Dent.
  • Held, J. S. & Posner, D. (1971). 17th and 18th Century Art Baroque Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. Harry N. Abrams.
  • Hibbard, H. (1977). Masterpieces of Western Sculpture from Medieval from Medieval to Modern. Harper & Row Publishers.
  • Lang, J. (1956). Rebuilding St Paul's after the Great Fire of London. Oxford University Press.
  • Lehmberg: E. (2014). The Reformation of Cathedrals: Cathedrals in English Society. Princeton University Press.
  • Linder, R. D. (2008). The Reformation Era. Greenwood Press.
  • Maccaffrey, J. (1914). History of Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution I. Dodo Press.
  • Mayer, T. F. (2016). Reforming Reformation. Routledge.
  • Minor, V. H. (1999). Baroque & Rokoko Art & Culture. Prentice Hall.
  • Morrissey, M. (2011). Politics and the Paul's Cross Sermons, 1558-1642. University Press.
  • Müller, W. & Vogel, G. (1997). Atlante di Architettura. Ulrico Hoepli Editore.
  • Neuman, R. (2013). Baroque and Rococo Art and Architecture. Pearson.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1998). Architettura Barocca. Electa.
  • Pensver, N. (1977). Ana Çizgileriyle Avrupa Mimarlığı. çev. Selçuk Batur. Cem Yayınevi.
  • Pratt, P. B. (1995). Architecture. Lucent Books.
  • Roth, L. M. (1993). Understanding Architecture Its Elements, History and Meaning. HarperCollins Publishers.
  • Roth, L. M. (2014). Mimarlığın Öyküsü. çev. Ergün Akça. Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Saari, P. & Saari, A. (2002). Renaissance & Reformation Biographies I. Thomson Gale.
  • Summerson, J. (1983). Architecture of Britain 1530–1830. The Pelican History of Art. Penguin Books.
  • Tapie, V. L. (1961). The Age of Grandeur Baroque Art and Architecture. trans. A. Ross Williamson. Frederick A. Praeger.
  • Tapie, V. L. (1992). Barok. çev. Galip Üstün. İletişim Yayınları.
  • Yarwood, D. (1994). Architecture of Europe-Classical Architecture 1420-1800. B.T. Batsford Ltd.
  • Yiğitpaşa, N. T. & Akın Ertek, G. (2020). XVIII. Yüzyıl Berlin Kiliselerinde Neoklasik Üslup. Amisos Dergisi, 5(8), 219-258.
  • Yiğitpaşa, N. T. & Ceylan, S. (2021). Güney İtalya Lecce’de Barok Dönem (XVII. Yüzyıl) Kilise Süslemeleri. Amisos Dergisi, 6(11), 202-219.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nadire Tuba Yiğitpaşa 0000-0002-5197-437X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yiğitpaşa, N. T. (2022). İNGİLİZ BAROĞU: LONDRA ST. PAUL KATEDRALİ’NİN CEPHE TASARIMI. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 12(1), 381-396. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1074154