T5 ve T6 ısıl işlemlerinin Zn-40Al-2Cu-0,1Sr alaşımının yapısal, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin incelenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmada T5 ve T6 ısıl işlemlerinin Zn-40Al-2Cu-0,1Sr alaşımının yapısal, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerekli sayıda külçe kokil kalıba döküm yöntemiyle üretildi. Üretilen alaşımın yapı ve özellikleri uygun deneysel yöntemlerle araştırıldı. Söz konusu alaşımının dökülmüş durumdaki mikroyapısının α dendritleri ile dendritler arası bölgelerde yer alan ötektoid dönüşüm ürünü α+η, bakırca zengin ε (CuZn4) ve μ(SrZnx) fazlarından oluştuğu gözlendi. Uygulanan T5 ısıl işleminin bu alaşımın dendritik yapısında belirgin bir değişime yol açmadığı, T6 ısıl işleminin ise bu yapıyı önemli ölçüde değiştirdiği gözlendi. T5 ısıl işleminin incelenen alaşımın sertlik ve çekme dayanımını azaltırken kopma uzamasını az da olsa artırdığı belirlendi. T6 ısıl işleminin alaşımın sertlik ve çekme dayanımını artırdığı, kopma uzaması değerini ise azalttığı gözlemlendi. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda her iki ısıl işlemin de (T5 ve T6) söz konusu alaşımın aşınma direncini artırdığı belirlendi. Uygulanan ısıl işlemlerin alaşımın mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri yapısal değişimlere dayandırılarak açıklandı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zn-40Al-2Cu-0 1Sr alaşımı içyapı mekanik özellikler sürtünme aşınma Zn-40Al-2Cu-0.1Sr alloy microstructure mechanical properties friction wear
Destekleyen Kurum
RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Proje Numarası
FYL-2021-1245
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimince Desteklenmiştir. Proje Numarası: FYL-2021-1245. İncelenen alaşımın dökümlerindeki katkısından dolayı Mak. Yük. Müh. Merve Çalış Özekinci’ye teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Goodwin F.E, Ponikvar A.L, Engineering properties of zinc alloys, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, 3rd ed., 148, 1989.
- 2. Gervais E., Barnhurst R.J, Loong C.A., An Analysis of Selected Properties of ZA Alloys. Jom, 37 (11), 43–47, 1985.
- 3. Skenazi A.F, Pelerin J., Coutsouradis D., Magnus B., Meeus M., Some recent developments in the improvement of the mechanical properties of zinc foundry alloys, Metall, 37 (9), 1983.
- 4. Delneuville P., Tribological behaviour of ZnAl alloys (ZA27) compared with bronze when used as a bearing material with high load and at very low speed, Wear, 105 (4), 283–292, 1985.
- 5. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Effect of quench-ageing treatment on the microstructure and properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu alloy, Int. J. Mater. Res., 106 (5), 2015.
- 6. Savaşkan T., Aydıner A., Effects of silicon content on the mechanical and tribological properties of monotectoid-based zinc-aluminium-silicon alloys, Wear, 257 (3–4), 377-388, 2004.
- 7. Savaşkan T., Bican O., Effects of silicon content on the microstructural features and mechanical and sliding wear properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-(0-5)Si alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 404 (1–2), 259-269, 2005.
- 8. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Pürçek G., Effect of copper content on the mechanical and sliding wear properties of monotectoid-based zinc-aluminium-copper alloys, Tribol Int., 37 (1), 45-50, 2004.
- 9. Tan H.O., Savaşkan T., Correction to: determination of dry wear properties of Zn-30Al-Cu bearing alloys in terms of their copper content and working conditions including pressure and sliding velocity, J Mater Eng Perform., 29 (10), 4794-4803, 2020.
- 10. Savaşkan T., Pürçek G., Hekimoǧlu A.P., Effect of copper content on the mechanical and tribological properties of ZnAl27-based alloys, Tribol Lett., 15 (3), 257-263, 2003.
- 11. Lee P.P, Savaşkan T., Laufer E., Wear resistance and microstructure of Zn-Al-Si and Zn-Al-Cu alloys. Wear, 117 (1), 79-89, 1987.
- 12. Prasad B.K., Effects of silicon addition and test parameters on sliding wear characteristics of zinc-Based alloy containing 37.5% aluminium, Mater. Trans. JIM, 38 (8), 701-706, 1997.
- 13. Alemdaǧ Y., Savaşkan T., Mechanical and tribological properties of Al-40Zn-Cu alloys. Tribol. Int., 42 (1), 176-182, 2009.
- 14. Alemdağ Y., Savaşkan T., Effects of silicon content on the mechanical properties and lubricated wear behaviour of Al-40Zn-3Cu-(0-5)Si alloys, Tribol. Lett., 29 (3), 221-227, 2008.
- 15. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Azaklı Z, Çalış M., Effect of Working Conditions on the Lubricated Wear Behavior of Zn-40Al-2Cu-2Si Alloy in the As- Cast and T6 Heat-Treated States, J. Tribol., 144 (3), 2022.
- 16. Savaşkan T., Azaklı Z., An investigation of lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-2Si alloy in comparison with SAE 65 bearing bronze, Wear, 264 (11–12), 920-928, 2008.
- 17. Savaşkan T., Turhal M.Ş., Relationships between cooling rate, copper content and mechanical properties of monotectoid based Zn-Al-Cu alloys, Mater. Charact. 51 (4), 259-270, 2003.
- 18. Savaşkan T., Azaklı Z., Hekimoğlu A.P., Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and wear properties of Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (9), 2651-2663, 2021.
- 19. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effect of grain refinement with titanium on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-25Zn alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (1), 311-322, 2020. 20. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effects of titanium addition on structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of Al−25Zn−3Cu and Al−25Zn−3Cu−3Si alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 30 (2), 303-317, 2020.
- 21. Hekimoğlu A.P., Turan Y.E., İsmailoğlu İ.İ, Akyol M.E., Şen E., Effect of grain refinement with boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-30Zn alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 34 (1), 523-534, 2019.
- 22. Savaşkan T., Pürçek G., Murphy S., Sliding wear of cast zinc-based alloy bearings under static and dynamic loading conditions. Wear, 252 (9–10), 693-703, 2002.
- 23. Durman M., Murphy S., Precipitation of metastable ϵ-phase in a hypereutectic zinc-aluminium alloy containing copper, Acta Metall. Mater., 39 (10), 2235-2242, 1991.
- 24. Bican O., Savaşkan T., Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys, Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., 51 (3), 383-390, 2020. 25. Savaşkan T., Hekimoǧlu A.P., Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 603, 52-57, 2014.
- 26. Li S., Ning J, Zhang G.F., Zhang L.J., Wu J., Zhang L.X., Microstructural and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy: The comparison of as-deposited and heat-treated samples, Vacuum, 184, 2021.
- 27. Malekan M., Emamy M., Mossayebi N., Lotfpour M., Effects of Al3Ni and Al7Cr Intermetallics and T6 Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 29 (5), 3432–3442, 2020.
- 28. Tellioğlu M., Stronsiyum katkısı ve farklı ısıl işlemlerin Zn-40Al-2Cu alaşımının içyapı, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin incelenmesi, Master Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Rize, 2022.
- 29. Hekimoğlu A.P., Hacıosmanoğlu M, Baki M., Effect of zinc contents on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of en AC-48100 (Al-17Si-4Cu-Mg) alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (4), 1799–1814, 2020.
- 30. Azaklı Z., Zn-40Al esaslı alaşımların yapısal, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2016.
- 31. Alemdağ Y., Beder M., Effects of zinc content on strength and wear performance of Al−12Si−3Cu based alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 29 (12), 2463-2471, 2019.
- 32. Beder M., Alemdağ Y., Influence of Mg addition and T6 heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Al–12Si–3Cu based alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (8), 2208-2219, 2021.
- 33. Alemdağ Y., Karabıyık S., Pürçek G., Effect of multi-directional hot forging on mechanical and tribological properties of Al-7Si-4Zn-3Cu alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 36 (1), 255–265, 2021.
- 34. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effect of arc re-melting on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of commercial 390A alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (8), 2264–2276, 2021.
- 35. Hacıosmanoğlu M., Tellioğlu M., Hekimoğlu AP., The Effect of strontium on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of the Zn-40Al-2Cu alloy, Int. J. Metalcast., 17 (4), 3133-3142, 2023.
- 36. Zhu Y.H., Murphy S., Yeung C., Early stages of phase transformation in quenched zinc-aluminum based alloys, J. Mater. Process Technol., 94 (2), 78–84, 1999.
- 37. To S., Zhu Y.H., Lee W.B., Tang G.Y., Liu X.M., Jiang YB. Effects of dynamic electropulsing on phase transformation of a Zn-Al based alloy, Mater. Trans., 50 (5), 1105–1112, 2009.
- 38. Azimi H, Nourouzi S, Jamaati R., Effects of Ti particles and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy fabricated by compocasting, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 818, 2021.
- 39. Savaşkan T, Hekimoǧlu AP., Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, Int. J. Mater. Res., 107 (7), 646-652, 2016.
- 40. Hekimoğlu AP, Savaşkan T., Effects of contact pressure and sliding speed on the unlubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu-1Si alloy, Tribol. Trans., 59 (6), 1114-1121, 2016.
- 41. Hekimoğlu AP, Savaşkan T., Lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-15Al- (1-5) Cu alloys, Turk. J. Electromech. Energy, 1 (2), 1–7, 2016.
Investigation of the effects of T5 and T6 heat treatments on the structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-0.1Sr alloy
Öz
To assess the effects of T5 and T6 heat treatments on the structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-0.1Sr alloy several ingots were produced by the permanent mold casting. The structure and properties of the alloy were investigated by appropriate test procedures. It was observed that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy consisted of α dendrites, eutectoid transformation product of α+η phase mixture, copper-rich ε (CuZn4), and μ(SrZnx) phase particles. T5 heat treatment had no significant effect on the dendritic microstructure of this alloy but T6 heat treatment removed it completely. It was also observed that T5 heat treatment decreased the hardness and tensile strength but caused a slight increase in the elongation to fracture of the alloy. T6 heat treatment caused an increase in the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy but decreased its elongation to fracture. It was also observed that both heat treatments (T5 and T6) increased the wear resistance of the alloy. The effects of the heat treatments on the mechanical and tribological properties of the alloy were explained in terms of microstructural changes.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zn-40Al-2Cu-0.1Sr alloy microstructure mechanical properties friction wear
Proje Numarası
FYL-2021-1245
Kaynakça
- 1. Goodwin F.E, Ponikvar A.L, Engineering properties of zinc alloys, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, 3rd ed., 148, 1989.
- 2. Gervais E., Barnhurst R.J, Loong C.A., An Analysis of Selected Properties of ZA Alloys. Jom, 37 (11), 43–47, 1985.
- 3. Skenazi A.F, Pelerin J., Coutsouradis D., Magnus B., Meeus M., Some recent developments in the improvement of the mechanical properties of zinc foundry alloys, Metall, 37 (9), 1983.
- 4. Delneuville P., Tribological behaviour of ZnAl alloys (ZA27) compared with bronze when used as a bearing material with high load and at very low speed, Wear, 105 (4), 283–292, 1985.
- 5. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Effect of quench-ageing treatment on the microstructure and properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu alloy, Int. J. Mater. Res., 106 (5), 2015.
- 6. Savaşkan T., Aydıner A., Effects of silicon content on the mechanical and tribological properties of monotectoid-based zinc-aluminium-silicon alloys, Wear, 257 (3–4), 377-388, 2004.
- 7. Savaşkan T., Bican O., Effects of silicon content on the microstructural features and mechanical and sliding wear properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-(0-5)Si alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 404 (1–2), 259-269, 2005.
- 8. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Pürçek G., Effect of copper content on the mechanical and sliding wear properties of monotectoid-based zinc-aluminium-copper alloys, Tribol Int., 37 (1), 45-50, 2004.
- 9. Tan H.O., Savaşkan T., Correction to: determination of dry wear properties of Zn-30Al-Cu bearing alloys in terms of their copper content and working conditions including pressure and sliding velocity, J Mater Eng Perform., 29 (10), 4794-4803, 2020.
- 10. Savaşkan T., Pürçek G., Hekimoǧlu A.P., Effect of copper content on the mechanical and tribological properties of ZnAl27-based alloys, Tribol Lett., 15 (3), 257-263, 2003.
- 11. Lee P.P, Savaşkan T., Laufer E., Wear resistance and microstructure of Zn-Al-Si and Zn-Al-Cu alloys. Wear, 117 (1), 79-89, 1987.
- 12. Prasad B.K., Effects of silicon addition and test parameters on sliding wear characteristics of zinc-Based alloy containing 37.5% aluminium, Mater. Trans. JIM, 38 (8), 701-706, 1997.
- 13. Alemdaǧ Y., Savaşkan T., Mechanical and tribological properties of Al-40Zn-Cu alloys. Tribol. Int., 42 (1), 176-182, 2009.
- 14. Alemdağ Y., Savaşkan T., Effects of silicon content on the mechanical properties and lubricated wear behaviour of Al-40Zn-3Cu-(0-5)Si alloys, Tribol. Lett., 29 (3), 221-227, 2008.
- 15. Savaşkan T., Hekimoğlu A.P., Azaklı Z, Çalış M., Effect of Working Conditions on the Lubricated Wear Behavior of Zn-40Al-2Cu-2Si Alloy in the As- Cast and T6 Heat-Treated States, J. Tribol., 144 (3), 2022.
- 16. Savaşkan T., Azaklı Z., An investigation of lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-40Al-2Cu-2Si alloy in comparison with SAE 65 bearing bronze, Wear, 264 (11–12), 920-928, 2008.
- 17. Savaşkan T., Turhal M.Ş., Relationships between cooling rate, copper content and mechanical properties of monotectoid based Zn-Al-Cu alloys, Mater. Charact. 51 (4), 259-270, 2003.
- 18. Savaşkan T., Azaklı Z., Hekimoğlu A.P., Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and wear properties of Zn–40Al–2Cu–2Si alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (9), 2651-2663, 2021.
- 19. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effect of grain refinement with titanium on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-25Zn alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (1), 311-322, 2020. 20. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effects of titanium addition on structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of Al−25Zn−3Cu and Al−25Zn−3Cu−3Si alloys, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 30 (2), 303-317, 2020.
- 21. Hekimoğlu A.P., Turan Y.E., İsmailoğlu İ.İ, Akyol M.E., Şen E., Effect of grain refinement with boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-30Zn alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 34 (1), 523-534, 2019.
- 22. Savaşkan T., Pürçek G., Murphy S., Sliding wear of cast zinc-based alloy bearings under static and dynamic loading conditions. Wear, 252 (9–10), 693-703, 2002.
- 23. Durman M., Murphy S., Precipitation of metastable ϵ-phase in a hypereutectic zinc-aluminium alloy containing copper, Acta Metall. Mater., 39 (10), 2235-2242, 1991.
- 24. Bican O., Savaşkan T., Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys, Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., 51 (3), 383-390, 2020. 25. Savaşkan T., Hekimoǧlu A.P., Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 603, 52-57, 2014.
- 26. Li S., Ning J, Zhang G.F., Zhang L.J., Wu J., Zhang L.X., Microstructural and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al–Zn–Mg aluminum alloy: The comparison of as-deposited and heat-treated samples, Vacuum, 184, 2021.
- 27. Malekan M., Emamy M., Mossayebi N., Lotfpour M., Effects of Al3Ni and Al7Cr Intermetallics and T6 Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 29 (5), 3432–3442, 2020.
- 28. Tellioğlu M., Stronsiyum katkısı ve farklı ısıl işlemlerin Zn-40Al-2Cu alaşımının içyapı, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerine etkilerinin incelenmesi, Master Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Rize, 2022.
- 29. Hekimoğlu A.P., Hacıosmanoğlu M, Baki M., Effect of zinc contents on the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of en AC-48100 (Al-17Si-4Cu-Mg) alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35 (4), 1799–1814, 2020.
- 30. Azaklı Z., Zn-40Al esaslı alaşımların yapısal, mekanik ve tribolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2016.
- 31. Alemdağ Y., Beder M., Effects of zinc content on strength and wear performance of Al−12Si−3Cu based alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 29 (12), 2463-2471, 2019.
- 32. Beder M., Alemdağ Y., Influence of Mg addition and T6 heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Al–12Si–3Cu based alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (8), 2208-2219, 2021.
- 33. Alemdağ Y., Karabıyık S., Pürçek G., Effect of multi-directional hot forging on mechanical and tribological properties of Al-7Si-4Zn-3Cu alloy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 36 (1), 255–265, 2021.
- 34. Hekimoğlu A.P., Çalış M., Effect of arc re-melting on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of commercial 390A alloy, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 31 (8), 2264–2276, 2021.
- 35. Hacıosmanoğlu M., Tellioğlu M., Hekimoğlu AP., The Effect of strontium on the microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of the Zn-40Al-2Cu alloy, Int. J. Metalcast., 17 (4), 3133-3142, 2023.
- 36. Zhu Y.H., Murphy S., Yeung C., Early stages of phase transformation in quenched zinc-aluminum based alloys, J. Mater. Process Technol., 94 (2), 78–84, 1999.
- 37. To S., Zhu Y.H., Lee W.B., Tang G.Y., Liu X.M., Jiang YB. Effects of dynamic electropulsing on phase transformation of a Zn-Al based alloy, Mater. Trans., 50 (5), 1105–1112, 2009.
- 38. Azimi H, Nourouzi S, Jamaati R., Effects of Ti particles and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy fabricated by compocasting, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 818, 2021.
- 39. Savaşkan T, Hekimoǧlu AP., Relationships between mechanical and tribological properties of Zn-15Al-based ternary and quaternary alloys, Int. J. Mater. Res., 107 (7), 646-652, 2016.
- 40. Hekimoğlu AP, Savaşkan T., Effects of contact pressure and sliding speed on the unlubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu-1Si alloy, Tribol. Trans., 59 (6), 1114-1121, 2016.
- 41. Hekimoğlu AP, Savaşkan T., Lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-15Al- (1-5) Cu alloys, Turk. J. Electromech. Energy, 1 (2), 1–7, 2016.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FYL-2021-1245 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 17 Mayıs 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Mayıs 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 10 Şubat 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 26 Kasım 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 4 |