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100. Yılında Türkiye İhracat Pazarlaması: Stratejiler, Fırsatlar, Zorluklar ve Gelecek Yönleri

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 342 - 359, 29.10.2023

Ahmet Songur

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1333994

Abstract

İhracat, dünya çapındaki tüm ülkeler için ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmayı yönlendirmede çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Türkiye açısından ihracat sektörü, ülkenin uluslararası ticaretteki yerini güçlendirmesi ve ülkenin ekonomik büyümesi için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. İhracat, Türkiye'nin ulusal gelirinin önemli bir kaynağıdır. İstihdamı artırır ve ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlar. Stratejik bir araç olarak ihracat, dış ticaret dengesini sağlamak, teknoloji transferini teşvik etmek, yeni pazarlara erişmek ve rekabet gücünü artırmak için kullanılır. Küresel ticarette önemli bir aktör olan Türkiye, son yıllarda ihracat faaliyetlerini artırmak için çeşitli stratejiler benimsemiştir. Türkiye'nin ihracat pazarlaması, ihracat hacminin artırılması, ihracat çeşitliliğinin geliştirilmesi ve uluslararası pazarlarda rekabet edebilirliğin sağlanması gibi hedeflere odaklanmaktadır. İhracat pazarlamasının etkinliği ihracat performansını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan bu yana Türkiye'nin ihracat performansı büyük bir gelişme göstermiştir. 2023 yılı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 100. yılı olması ve ikinci yüzyılın başlangıcı olması açısından büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye'nin ihracat tarihine bir bakış sunacak, ihracat pazarlamasının önemini vurgulayacak ve Türkiye'nin ihracat pazarlaması stratejilerinin nasıl şekillendiği konusunda bir genel değerlendirme yapacak ve Türkiye'nin küresel ticaretteki rolü analiz edilecektir.

Keywords

İhracat İhracat Pazarlaması İhracat Performansı Uluslararası Pazarlama Türkiye

Thanks

100. yıl özel sayısı için

References

  • Aaby N. E., & Slater, S. F. (1989). Management influences on export performance: A review of the empirical literature 1978- 1988, International Marketing Review, 6(4), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001516
  • Acharya, W., Jain Khushpat S., & Aii, S. (2009). Export marketing. Global Media.
  • AMA. (2023). Global marketing. Retrieved June16, 2023 from https://www.ama.org/search/?s=global+marketing
  • Amine, S. L., & Çavuşgil, S. T. (1986). Export marketing strategies in the British clothing industry, European Journal of Marketing, 20(7), 21-33.
  • Ayal, I., & Zif, J. (1979). Market expansion strategies in multinational marketing, Journal of Marketing, 43, 84-94.
  • Ayar, B., & Erdil, T. S. (2018). The effect of innovation and R & D activities on export. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 45-68.
  • Beamish, P. W., Craig, R., & McLellan, K. (1993). The performance characteristics of Canadian versus U.K. exporters in small sized firms, Management International Review, 33(2), 121-137.
  • Bilkey, W. J. (1982). Variables associated with export profitability, Journal of International Business Studies, 13, 39-55.
  • Cadogan, J. W., Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2002). Export market-oriented activities: Their antecedents and performance consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3), 615-626. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491036
  • Canıtez, M., & Yeniçeri, T. (2007). İhracat performansi düşük olan kobi̇’ler i̇le yüksek olan kobi̇’leri̇n farkliliklarini beli̇rlemeye yöneli̇k bi̇r pi̇lot araştirma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 113-134.
  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252247
  • Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1985). The impact of export strategy on export sales performance, Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 37-55.
  • Çavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures, Journal of Marketing, 58, 1- 21.
  • De Luz, M. (1993). Relationship between export strategy variables and export performance for Brazil-based manufacturers, Journal of Global Marketing, 7(1), 87-110.
  • Dhanaraj, C., & Beamish, W. P. (2003). A Resource‐Based Approach to the Study of Export Performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 242–261.
  • Diamantopoulos, A. (1999). Export performance measurement. International Marketing Review, 12(10), 444–457.
  • Diamantopoulos, A., & Kakkos, N. (2007). Managerial assessments of export performance: Conceptual framework and empirical illustration. Journal of International Marketing, 15(3), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.3.1
  • Durukan, T., & Hamşioğlu, A. (2015). Pazar yönlülük, pazarlama yeteneklerinin rekabet avantajı elde etmede ihracat performansı üzerine etkileri: Ankara ili ihracat işletmelerinde bir uygulama, Kırıkkale University Journal of Economics, Business, 1(2), 1-19.
  • EUROSTAT. (2023). International trade in goods statistics. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Enlargement_countries_-_international_trade_in_goods_statistics
  • Gemünden, H. G. (1991). Success factors of export marketing: A meta-analytic critique of the empirical studies. Perspectives on International Marketing - Re-Issued (RLE International Business), 33–62. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203076613-8
  • Hamşioğlu, A. (2017). The effect of marketing culture, marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities on export performance: A case study for export firms in antalya city, Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics, 7(2), 1-16.
  • IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook, Retrieved June 14, 2023, from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO 14.06.2023
  • Karafakıoğlu, M., International marketing management (7th Edition). Beta Basım Yayım.
  • Katsikeas, C. S., & Leonidou L. C. (1996). Export market expansion strategy: Differences between market concentration and market spreading, Journal of Marketing Management, 12, 113-134.
  • Kaynak, E., & Kuan W. K. (1993), Environment, strategy, structure and performance in the context of export activity: An empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturing firms, Journal of Business Research, 49, 27-33.
  • Koh, A. C. (1991). Relationships among organisational characteristics, marketing strategy and export performance, International Marketing Review, 8(3), 46-60.
  • Koh, A.C., & Robicheaux, R. A. (1988). Variations in export performance due to differences in export marketing strategy: Implications for industrial marketers, Journal of Business Research, 17, 249-258.
  • Lages L. F. (2000). A conceptual framework of the determinants of export performance: Reorganizing key variables and shifting contingencies in export marketing, Journal of Global Marketing, 13(3), 29-51.
  • Lages, L. F., & Melewar, T. C. (1999). Determinants of export performance and moderating effects of marketing program adaptation: A review, conceptual framework and research hypotheses, Warwick Business School, 317, 1-31.
  • Lee, C., & Griffith, D. A. (2004). The marketing strategy-performance relationship in an export-driven developing economy a Korean illustration, International Marketing Review, 21(3), 321-334.
  • Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S., & Samiee, S. (2002). Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Research, 55(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00133-8
  • Madsen, T. K. (1989). Successful Export Marketing Management: Some Empirical Evidence. International Marketing Review, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001518
  • Ministry of Trade. (2023). Foreign Trade Statistic. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://www.trade.gov.tr/statistics/foreign-trade-statistics
  • Mutlu, H. M., & Nakıpoğllu, A. (2011). Uluslararası pazarlama stratejilerinin ihracat performası üzerine etkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(38), 245-261.
  • Namiki, N. (1994). A taxonomic analysis of export marketing strategy: An exploratory study of U.S. exporters of electronic products, Journal of Global Marketing, 8(1), 27-50.
  • OECD. (2023). General Statistics. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60703
  • Palabıyık, D. Ç. (2023). Turkey focuses on efforts to update the Customs Union with the EU. Retrieved June 14, 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiye-ab-ile-gumruk-birliginin-guncellenmesi-yonundeki-calismalara-odaklandi/2838081
  • Papatya, N., & Özkan, T. (2019). Pazarlama kültürü ve strateji arasındaki uyumun işletme performansına etkisi: Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi imalat sektöründe bir uygulama. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 333–350.
  • Papatya, N., Papatya, G. & Hamşioğlu, A. (2017). The role of dynamic resource based capabilities on sustainable f'irm performance: A case study related to manufacturing firms in Ankara. 2nd Congress on International Economic and Administrative Perspectives: Sustainable GIobaI Competition (189-191). Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Republic of Turkey Presidency Strategy and Budget Directorate (SBB). (2023). Basic labor indicators. Retrieved June 12, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/istihdam/
  • Sağlam, M., & Serdar, P. (2019). Uluslararası Pazarlama Karması Stratejilerinin İhracat Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sektörler Arası Karşılaştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(35), 433-459.
  • Shaoming, Z., Taylor, C. R., & Osland, G. E. (1998). The EXPERF scale: A cross-national generalized export performance measure. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9800600304
  • Shoham, A. (1998). Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 59-81.
  • Songur, A., (2019), Export performance: A resource-based perspective. Hiperyayın.
  • TCMB. (2023). Indicative Exchange Rates. Retrieved June 28, 2023 from https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+en/main+menu/statistikler/doviz+kurlari/goster+niteligindeki+merkez+bankasi+kurlarii
  • Theodosiou, M. L., & Leonidou, C. (2003). Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: An integrative assessment of the empricial research, International Business Review, 12, 141-171.
  • Thirkell, P. C., & Dau, R. (1998). Export performance: success determinants for New Zealand manufacturing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 32(9–10), 813–829. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569810232273
  • TIM. (2023). Export 2023 Report Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Strateji_Raporlari/TIM%20%C4%B0HRACAT%20RAPOR%202023%20D%C4%B0J%C4%B0TAL.pdf
  • Torlak, Ö., Özdemir, Ş., & Kula, V. (2007). Türk işletmeleri̇ni̇n ihracat performası beli̇rleyi̇ci̇leri̇. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 103-114.
  • TUIK. (2022). Foreign Trade Indices. Retrieved June 15, 2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=dis-ticaret-104&dil=2
  • Tunç, Ş., & Yücel, N. (2020). Pazarlama kültürü, ihracat pazarlama stratejileri ve ihracat performansı arasındaki ilişkinin nitel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Kadim Akademi SBD, 4(2), 16-38.
  • UNCTAD. (2022). Annual Report 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2023 from https://unctad.org/publication/unctad-annual-report-2022
  • Walters, G. P., & Samiee, S. (1990). A model for assessing performance in small U.S. exporting firms, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33-50.
  • WTO. (2023). World Trade Statistical Review 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/wtsr_2022_e.pdf
  • Yılmaz, Ş.E., (2014), Evolution of foreign trade theories (3rd Edition). Efil Publishing House.
  • Yücel, A. (2019). İhracat pazarlaması stratejileri ile firma performansı ilişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 29(1), 205–225.
  • Zou, S., & Stan, S. (1998). The determinants of export performance: A review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997, International Marketing Review, 15(5), 333-356.
  • Zou, S., Kim, D., & Cavusgil S. T. (2009). Export Marketing. Business Expert Press.

Turkey's 100th Anniversary of Export Marketing: Strategies, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 342 - 359, 29.10.2023

Ahmet Songur

https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1333994

Abstract

Exports is crucial in driving economic growth and development for all countries worldwide. The export sector is critical for Turkey's economic growth and for boosting the country's standing in international trade. Exports is an essential source of Turkey's national income. It increases employment and contributes to economic growth. Exports is utilized as a strategic instrument to attain foreign trade balance, encourage knowledge transfer, gain access to new markets, and boost competitiveness. In recent years, Turkey, as an essential player in global commerce, has used various tactics to enhance its export activity. Turkey's export marketing strategy focuses on expanding export volume, diversifying exports, and maintaining competitiveness in foreign markets. The effectiveness of export marketing directly affects export performance. Turkey's export performance has shown a significant improvement. 2023 is essential as the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Turkey and the beginning of the second century. The study would outline Turkey's export history, underline the importance of export marketing, and examine how Turkey's export marketing techniques have evolved. It would also investigate Turkey's role in global commerce.

Keywords

Export Export Marketing Export Performance International Marketing Türkiye

References

  • Aaby N. E., & Slater, S. F. (1989). Management influences on export performance: A review of the empirical literature 1978- 1988, International Marketing Review, 6(4), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001516
  • Acharya, W., Jain Khushpat S., & Aii, S. (2009). Export marketing. Global Media.
  • AMA. (2023). Global marketing. Retrieved June16, 2023 from https://www.ama.org/search/?s=global+marketing
  • Amine, S. L., & Çavuşgil, S. T. (1986). Export marketing strategies in the British clothing industry, European Journal of Marketing, 20(7), 21-33.
  • Ayal, I., & Zif, J. (1979). Market expansion strategies in multinational marketing, Journal of Marketing, 43, 84-94.
  • Ayar, B., & Erdil, T. S. (2018). The effect of innovation and R & D activities on export. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 45-68.
  • Beamish, P. W., Craig, R., & McLellan, K. (1993). The performance characteristics of Canadian versus U.K. exporters in small sized firms, Management International Review, 33(2), 121-137.
  • Bilkey, W. J. (1982). Variables associated with export profitability, Journal of International Business Studies, 13, 39-55.
  • Cadogan, J. W., Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2002). Export market-oriented activities: Their antecedents and performance consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3), 615-626. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491036
  • Canıtez, M., & Yeniçeri, T. (2007). İhracat performansi düşük olan kobi̇’ler i̇le yüksek olan kobi̇’leri̇n farkliliklarini beli̇rlemeye yöneli̇k bi̇r pi̇lot araştirma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 113-134.
  • Cavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252247
  • Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1985). The impact of export strategy on export sales performance, Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 37-55.
  • Çavusgil, S. T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in export market ventures, Journal of Marketing, 58, 1- 21.
  • De Luz, M. (1993). Relationship between export strategy variables and export performance for Brazil-based manufacturers, Journal of Global Marketing, 7(1), 87-110.
  • Dhanaraj, C., & Beamish, W. P. (2003). A Resource‐Based Approach to the Study of Export Performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 242–261.
  • Diamantopoulos, A. (1999). Export performance measurement. International Marketing Review, 12(10), 444–457.
  • Diamantopoulos, A., & Kakkos, N. (2007). Managerial assessments of export performance: Conceptual framework and empirical illustration. Journal of International Marketing, 15(3), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.3.1
  • Durukan, T., & Hamşioğlu, A. (2015). Pazar yönlülük, pazarlama yeteneklerinin rekabet avantajı elde etmede ihracat performansı üzerine etkileri: Ankara ili ihracat işletmelerinde bir uygulama, Kırıkkale University Journal of Economics, Business, 1(2), 1-19.
  • EUROSTAT. (2023). International trade in goods statistics. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Enlargement_countries_-_international_trade_in_goods_statistics
  • Gemünden, H. G. (1991). Success factors of export marketing: A meta-analytic critique of the empirical studies. Perspectives on International Marketing - Re-Issued (RLE International Business), 33–62. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203076613-8
  • Hamşioğlu, A. (2017). The effect of marketing culture, marketing effectiveness and marketing capabilities on export performance: A case study for export firms in antalya city, Journal of Current Researches on Business and Economics, 7(2), 1-16.
  • IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook, Retrieved June 14, 2023, from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO 14.06.2023
  • Karafakıoğlu, M., International marketing management (7th Edition). Beta Basım Yayım.
  • Katsikeas, C. S., & Leonidou L. C. (1996). Export market expansion strategy: Differences between market concentration and market spreading, Journal of Marketing Management, 12, 113-134.
  • Kaynak, E., & Kuan W. K. (1993), Environment, strategy, structure and performance in the context of export activity: An empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturing firms, Journal of Business Research, 49, 27-33.
  • Koh, A. C. (1991). Relationships among organisational characteristics, marketing strategy and export performance, International Marketing Review, 8(3), 46-60.
  • Koh, A.C., & Robicheaux, R. A. (1988). Variations in export performance due to differences in export marketing strategy: Implications for industrial marketers, Journal of Business Research, 17, 249-258.
  • Lages L. F. (2000). A conceptual framework of the determinants of export performance: Reorganizing key variables and shifting contingencies in export marketing, Journal of Global Marketing, 13(3), 29-51.
  • Lages, L. F., & Melewar, T. C. (1999). Determinants of export performance and moderating effects of marketing program adaptation: A review, conceptual framework and research hypotheses, Warwick Business School, 317, 1-31.
  • Lee, C., & Griffith, D. A. (2004). The marketing strategy-performance relationship in an export-driven developing economy a Korean illustration, International Marketing Review, 21(3), 321-334.
  • Leonidou, L. C., Katsikeas, C. S., & Samiee, S. (2002). Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Research, 55(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00133-8
  • Madsen, T. K. (1989). Successful Export Marketing Management: Some Empirical Evidence. International Marketing Review, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001518
  • Ministry of Trade. (2023). Foreign Trade Statistic. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://www.trade.gov.tr/statistics/foreign-trade-statistics
  • Mutlu, H. M., & Nakıpoğllu, A. (2011). Uluslararası pazarlama stratejilerinin ihracat performası üzerine etkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(38), 245-261.
  • Namiki, N. (1994). A taxonomic analysis of export marketing strategy: An exploratory study of U.S. exporters of electronic products, Journal of Global Marketing, 8(1), 27-50.
  • OECD. (2023). General Statistics. Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60703
  • Palabıyık, D. Ç. (2023). Turkey focuses on efforts to update the Customs Union with the EU. Retrieved June 14, 2023 from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiye-ab-ile-gumruk-birliginin-guncellenmesi-yonundeki-calismalara-odaklandi/2838081
  • Papatya, N., & Özkan, T. (2019). Pazarlama kültürü ve strateji arasındaki uyumun işletme performansına etkisi: Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi imalat sektöründe bir uygulama. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 333–350.
  • Papatya, N., Papatya, G. & Hamşioğlu, A. (2017). The role of dynamic resource based capabilities on sustainable f'irm performance: A case study related to manufacturing firms in Ankara. 2nd Congress on International Economic and Administrative Perspectives: Sustainable GIobaI Competition (189-191). Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Republic of Turkey Presidency Strategy and Budget Directorate (SBB). (2023). Basic labor indicators. Retrieved June 12, 2023 from https://www.sbb.gov.tr/istihdam/
  • Sağlam, M., & Serdar, P. (2019). Uluslararası Pazarlama Karması Stratejilerinin İhracat Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sektörler Arası Karşılaştırma. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(35), 433-459.
  • Shaoming, Z., Taylor, C. R., & Osland, G. E. (1998). The EXPERF scale: A cross-national generalized export performance measure. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9800600304
  • Shoham, A. (1998). Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 59-81.
  • Songur, A., (2019), Export performance: A resource-based perspective. Hiperyayın.
  • TCMB. (2023). Indicative Exchange Rates. Retrieved June 28, 2023 from https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+en/main+menu/statistikler/doviz+kurlari/goster+niteligindeki+merkez+bankasi+kurlarii
  • Theodosiou, M. L., & Leonidou, C. (2003). Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: An integrative assessment of the empricial research, International Business Review, 12, 141-171.
  • Thirkell, P. C., & Dau, R. (1998). Export performance: success determinants for New Zealand manufacturing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 32(9–10), 813–829. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569810232273
  • TIM. (2023). Export 2023 Report Retrieved June 2, 2023 from https://tim.org.tr/files/downloads/Strateji_Raporlari/TIM%20%C4%B0HRACAT%20RAPOR%202023%20D%C4%B0J%C4%B0TAL.pdf
  • Torlak, Ö., Özdemir, Ş., & Kula, V. (2007). Türk işletmeleri̇ni̇n ihracat performası beli̇rleyi̇ci̇leri̇. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 103-114.
  • TUIK. (2022). Foreign Trade Indices. Retrieved June 15, 2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=dis-ticaret-104&dil=2
  • Tunç, Ş., & Yücel, N. (2020). Pazarlama kültürü, ihracat pazarlama stratejileri ve ihracat performansı arasındaki ilişkinin nitel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Kadim Akademi SBD, 4(2), 16-38.
  • UNCTAD. (2022). Annual Report 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2023 from https://unctad.org/publication/unctad-annual-report-2022
  • Walters, G. P., & Samiee, S. (1990). A model for assessing performance in small U.S. exporting firms, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33-50.
  • WTO. (2023). World Trade Statistical Review 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2023, from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/wtsr_2022_e.pdf
  • Yılmaz, Ş.E., (2014), Evolution of foreign trade theories (3rd Edition). Efil Publishing House.
  • Yücel, A. (2019). İhracat pazarlaması stratejileri ile firma performansı ilişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 29(1), 205–225.
  • Zou, S., & Stan, S. (1998). The determinants of export performance: A review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997, International Marketing Review, 15(5), 333-356.
  • Zou, S., Kim, D., & Cavusgil S. T. (2009). Export Marketing. Business Expert Press.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Marketing
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Ahmet Songur 0000-0002-9869-5394

Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date July 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 14 Issue: 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Songur, A. (2023). Turkey’s 100th Anniversary of Export Marketing: Strategies, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(100. Yıl Özel Sayısı), 342-359. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1333994
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