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Biopsychosocial Approach and Development Process

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 30, 689 - 700, 20.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.780418

Abstract

Modern medical practices handle human as a mechanical being. However, human beings are in constant interaction with their environment due to many reasons such as belief, perspective on life, eating and drinking, and habits. The health professionals' attitude is quite important when the disease phenomenon is encountered in this interaction process. The biopsychosocial model is based on the physicians' competencies such as defining the problem, classifying and recommending treatment methods, as well as understanding the patient, value them and to share in their decisions. In the study, while defining the shortcomings of the biomedical approach, the importance of the biopsychosocial approach i examined for more effective diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the biopsychosocial model conceptualized by George Engel is explored, and its history, necessity, transition from biomedical model to biopsychosocial model and criticisms of the biopsychosocial model are discussed. The significance of biopsychosocial model in the health system is emphasized.

References

  • Akman, M ve Ünalan, P. (2010). Biyopsikosoyal yaklaşım. N. Bozdemir ve İ. Kara (Ed.), Birinci basamakta tanı ve tedavi içinde (22-24), Adana: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Aktürk, Z. ve Görgün, M. (2012). Hangi model: “hasta merkezli mi, birey odaklı mı, aile yönelimli mi?”, Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 23, 72-73.
  • Babalola, E., Noel, P. ve White, R. (2017). The biopsychosocial approach and global mental health: Synergies and opportunities, Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 33(4), 291-296.
  • Bolton, D. ve Gillet, G., (2019). The psychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature.
  • Bolton, D. ve Gillett, G. (2019). The biopsychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature.
  • Borrell-Carrió, F., Suchman, A. L. ve Epstein, R. M. (2004). The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(6), 576-582.
  • Cockerham, W. C. ve Ritchey, F. J. (1997). Dictionary of medical sociology. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Deacon, B. J. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of ıts validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research, Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 846-861.
  • Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine, science, 196(4286), 129-136.
  • Engel, G. L. (1978). The biopsychosocial model and the education of health professionals. Annalsof. The New York Academy of Sciences, 310(1), 169-181.
  • Epstein, R. M., Fiscella, K., Lesser, C. S. ve Stange, K. C. (2010). Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care. Health Affairs, 29(8), 1489-1495.
  • Frankel, R., Quill, T. ve Mcdaniel, S. (2004). The biopsychosocial approach: Past, present, future. The Permanente Journal, 8(3), 75.
  • Gatchel, R. J ve Oordt, M. S. (2012). Clinical health psychology and primary care: Practical advice and clinical guidance for successful collaboration. Washington DC: American Psychological Association;
  • Gatchel, R. J. ve Turk, D. C. (2008). Criticisms of the biopsychosocial model in spine care: Creating and then attacking a straw person, Spine, 33(25), 2831-2836.
  • Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N. ve Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581-624.
  • George, E. ve Engel, L. (1980). The Clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 5, 535-544.
  • Ghaemi, S. N. (2009). The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(1), 3-4.
  • Ghaemi, S. N. (2011). The biopsychosocial model in psychiatry: A critique. existenz: An ınternational journal in philosophy. Religion, Politics, and The Arts, 6(1), 1-8.
  • Harrington, P. (2018). Biopsychosocial health. Erişim adresi: https://www.lewespainclinic.co.uk/single-post/2018/11/12/biopsychosocial-health, (11.05.2020).
  • Havelka, M., Despot Lučanin, J. ve Lučanin, D. (2009). Biopsychosocial model–the integrated approach to health and disease. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 303-310.
  • Lane, R. D. (2014). Is it possible to bridge the biopsychosocial and biomedical models?. Biopsychosocmed, 8(3), 26.
  • Lehman, B. J., David, D. M. ve Gruber, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system. Social and personality psychology compass, 11(8), E12328.
  • Leigh, H. (2007). Evolution of consultation-liaison psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, Handbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry içinde (3-11). Boston: Springer.
  • Mclaren, N. (1998). A critical review of the biopsychosocial model. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(1), 86-92
  • Mcwhinney, I. R. (1972). Beyond diagnosis: An approach to the ıntegration of behavioral science and clinical medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 287(8), 384-387.
  • Sarafina, E. P. ve Smith W. T. (2011). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions, 7. Baskı, John Wiley Sons Inc.
  • Smith, R. C., Fortin, A. H., Dwamena, F. ve Frankel, R. M. (2013). An evidence-based patient-centered method makes the biopsychosocial model scientific, Patient Education and Counseling, 91(3), 265-270.
  • Stewart, M. (2001). Towards a global definition of patient centred care: The patient should be the judge of patient centred care. British Medical Journal, 322(7284), 444-445.
  • Şen, M. G. (2013). İzmir ilinde çalışan aile hekimlerinin klinik uygulamalarında biyopsikososyal yaklaşımı ne ölçüde uyguladıklarının saptanması. Uzmanlık Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İzmir.
  • Taukeni, S. G. (2019). Introductory chapter: Bio-psychosocial model of health. Psychology of Health-Biopsychosocial Approach, Intechopen.
  • The Open University. (2020). Exploring the relationship between anxiety and depression. Erişim adresi: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/exploring-the-relationship-between-anxiety-and-depression/content-section-2, (11.05.2020).
  • Uncu, Y. ve Akman, M. (2004). Sağlığa biyopsikososyal yaklaşım, aile doktorları için kurs notları. Ankara: Ata Ofset Tanıtım ve Matbaacılık.

Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım ve Gelişim Süreci

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 30, 689 - 700, 20.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.780418

Abstract

Modern tıp uygulamaları insanı mekanik bir varlık olarak ele almaktadır. Ancak insan, inancı, hayata bakış açısı, yemesi-içmesi, alışkanlıkları gibi birçok nedenden dolayı çevresi ile sürekli etkileşim halindedir. Bu etkileşim sürecinde hastalık olgusu ile karşılaşıldığında sağlık profesyonellerinin tavrı çok önemlidir. Biyopsikososyal model, hekimlerin problemi tanımlama, sınıflandırma, tedavi yöntemi önerme gibi yetkinliklerinin yanı sıra hastalarını anlaması, değer vermesi ve kararlarına ortak etmesi anlayışına dayanmaktadır. Hasta odaklı yaklaşımın önem arz ettiği biyopsikososyal modele göre hekimlerin, hastanın problemlerinin bilimsel izahıyla yetinmediklerini bilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada biyomedikal yaklaşımın eksik yönleri ortaya konulurken, daha etkili tanı ve tedavi için biyopsikososyal yaklaşımın önemi gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. 1977'de George Engel tarafından kavramsallaştırılan biyopsikososyal modelin çerçevesi çizilerek, tarihçesi, gerekliliği, biyomedikal modelden biyopsikososyal modele geçiş ve biyopsikososyal modele getirilen eleştiriler ele alınarak biyopsikososyal yaklaşımın sağlık sistemindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır.  

References

  • Akman, M ve Ünalan, P. (2010). Biyopsikosoyal yaklaşım. N. Bozdemir ve İ. Kara (Ed.), Birinci basamakta tanı ve tedavi içinde (22-24), Adana: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Aktürk, Z. ve Görgün, M. (2012). Hangi model: “hasta merkezli mi, birey odaklı mı, aile yönelimli mi?”, Sağlık Düşüncesi ve Tıp Kültürü Dergisi, 23, 72-73.
  • Babalola, E., Noel, P. ve White, R. (2017). The biopsychosocial approach and global mental health: Synergies and opportunities, Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 33(4), 291-296.
  • Bolton, D. ve Gillet, G., (2019). The psychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature.
  • Bolton, D. ve Gillett, G. (2019). The biopsychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature.
  • Borrell-Carrió, F., Suchman, A. L. ve Epstein, R. M. (2004). The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(6), 576-582.
  • Cockerham, W. C. ve Ritchey, F. J. (1997). Dictionary of medical sociology. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Deacon, B. J. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of ıts validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research, Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 846-861.
  • Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine, science, 196(4286), 129-136.
  • Engel, G. L. (1978). The biopsychosocial model and the education of health professionals. Annalsof. The New York Academy of Sciences, 310(1), 169-181.
  • Epstein, R. M., Fiscella, K., Lesser, C. S. ve Stange, K. C. (2010). Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care. Health Affairs, 29(8), 1489-1495.
  • Frankel, R., Quill, T. ve Mcdaniel, S. (2004). The biopsychosocial approach: Past, present, future. The Permanente Journal, 8(3), 75.
  • Gatchel, R. J ve Oordt, M. S. (2012). Clinical health psychology and primary care: Practical advice and clinical guidance for successful collaboration. Washington DC: American Psychological Association;
  • Gatchel, R. J. ve Turk, D. C. (2008). Criticisms of the biopsychosocial model in spine care: Creating and then attacking a straw person, Spine, 33(25), 2831-2836.
  • Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N. ve Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581-624.
  • George, E. ve Engel, L. (1980). The Clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 5, 535-544.
  • Ghaemi, S. N. (2009). The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(1), 3-4.
  • Ghaemi, S. N. (2011). The biopsychosocial model in psychiatry: A critique. existenz: An ınternational journal in philosophy. Religion, Politics, and The Arts, 6(1), 1-8.
  • Harrington, P. (2018). Biopsychosocial health. Erişim adresi: https://www.lewespainclinic.co.uk/single-post/2018/11/12/biopsychosocial-health, (11.05.2020).
  • Havelka, M., Despot Lučanin, J. ve Lučanin, D. (2009). Biopsychosocial model–the integrated approach to health and disease. Collegium Antropologicum, 33(1), 303-310.
  • Lane, R. D. (2014). Is it possible to bridge the biopsychosocial and biomedical models?. Biopsychosocmed, 8(3), 26.
  • Lehman, B. J., David, D. M. ve Gruber, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system. Social and personality psychology compass, 11(8), E12328.
  • Leigh, H. (2007). Evolution of consultation-liaison psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, Handbook of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry içinde (3-11). Boston: Springer.
  • Mclaren, N. (1998). A critical review of the biopsychosocial model. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(1), 86-92
  • Mcwhinney, I. R. (1972). Beyond diagnosis: An approach to the ıntegration of behavioral science and clinical medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 287(8), 384-387.
  • Sarafina, E. P. ve Smith W. T. (2011). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions, 7. Baskı, John Wiley Sons Inc.
  • Smith, R. C., Fortin, A. H., Dwamena, F. ve Frankel, R. M. (2013). An evidence-based patient-centered method makes the biopsychosocial model scientific, Patient Education and Counseling, 91(3), 265-270.
  • Stewart, M. (2001). Towards a global definition of patient centred care: The patient should be the judge of patient centred care. British Medical Journal, 322(7284), 444-445.
  • Şen, M. G. (2013). İzmir ilinde çalışan aile hekimlerinin klinik uygulamalarında biyopsikososyal yaklaşımı ne ölçüde uyguladıklarının saptanması. Uzmanlık Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İzmir.
  • Taukeni, S. G. (2019). Introductory chapter: Bio-psychosocial model of health. Psychology of Health-Biopsychosocial Approach, Intechopen.
  • The Open University. (2020). Exploring the relationship between anxiety and depression. Erişim adresi: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/exploring-the-relationship-between-anxiety-and-depression/content-section-2, (11.05.2020).
  • Uncu, Y. ve Akman, M. (2004). Sağlığa biyopsikososyal yaklaşım, aile doktorları için kurs notları. Ankara: Ata Ofset Tanıtım ve Matbaacılık.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Policy
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Kevser Sezer Korucu 0000-0001-7512-9878

Şerife Çalışkan Söylemez 0000-0002-6228-2432

Aygen Oksay 0000-0002-3186-5010

Publication Date May 20, 2021
Submission Date August 14, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Sezer Korucu, K., Çalışkan Söylemez, Ş., & Oksay, A. (2021). Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım ve Gelişim Süreci. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(30), 689-700. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.780418

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