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Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 251 - 264, 19.12.2023

Abstract

Yerel halkın turizmi desteklemesi, turizmin sürdürülebilir gelişimi için temel faktörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda yerel halkın turizmi desteklemesine neden olan faktörleri belirlemek üzere bu araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacına ulaşmak için kullanılan model uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini başlıca turistik destinasyonlar arasında yer alan Eskişehir ilinde yaşayan bireyler (n=410) oluşturmaktadır. Hipotezlerin test edilmesinde en küçük kareler tabanlı yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (Smart-PLS) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, yerel halkın algılamış olduğu kültürel, sosyoekonomik ve çevresel değer faktörleri turizme yönelik tutumu olumlu yönde etkilerken, turizme yönelik tutum da turizmin gelişimine yönelik desteğin bir belirleyicisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca turizme yönelik tutum kültürel, sosyoekonomik ve çevresel değer faktörlerinin turizmin gelişimine olan desteğini aracılık etmektedir. Mevcut sonuçlara karşın yerel halkın algılamış olduğu makroekonomik değerin turizme yönelik tutuma karşı anlamlı bit etkisi bulunamamıştır. Mevcut sonuçlar bağlamında turizmin gelişmesi için temel faktörlerden biri olan yerel halkın turizme dâhil edilerek ekonomik açıdan gelir elde etmesi sağlanmalıdır. Turizmden elde edilen gelirin halka yayılması için çeşitli politikalar üretilmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler İnsan Etik Kurulunun 05.04.2023 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen 2023-05 toplantısında alınan onay belgesi ile bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır

References

  • Abdollahzadeh, G. & Sharifzadeh, A. (2014). Rural residents’ perceptions toward tourism development: A study from Iran, International Journal of Tourism Research, 16 (2), 126-136.
  • Al-Badarneh, M. B. H., & Al-Makhadmeh, A. A. M. (2015). A review of social exchange theory effectiveness in measuring residents' attitudes towards tourism. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality, 9(2/2).
  • Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., BalbuenaVazquez, A. & Cortes-Macias, R. (2016). Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management, 54, 259-274.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yildirim, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Sakarya Yayıncılık, Sakarya, 226.
  • Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, S. S. (2009). Community Perceptions Toward Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Tourism And Local Communities. Asian Social Science, 5(7), 130-137.
  • Ariffin, S., Yusof, J. M., Putit, L. & Shah, M. I. A. (2016). Factors influencing perceived quality and repurchase intention towards green products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 391-396.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). “Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3): 185-216.
  • Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring Residents’ Attitude Toward Sustainable Tourism: Development Of Sustainable Tourism Scale. Journal of Tourism Research, 43, 380-394.
  • Erul, E., Woosnam, K. M., & McIntosh, W. A. (2020). Considering emotional solidarity and the theory of planned behavior in explaining behavioral intentions to support tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(8), 1158-1173.
  • Faulkner, B. & Tideswell, C. (1997). A framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5 (1), 3-28.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. 18 (3), 382-388.
  • Ganji, S. F. G., Johnson, L. W., & Sadeghian, S. (2021). The effect of place image and place attachment on residents’ perceived value and support for tourism development. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(9), 1304-1318.
  • Gunjić, L. (2017). Local perceptions of cultural heritage and tourismdevelopment -Case study Bač, Serbia. Ge-conservación, 11:57-62.
  • Hadinejad, H. Moyle, B.D., Scott, N., Kralj, A. & Nunkoo, R. (2019). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a review. Tourism Review, 74 (2).
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017a). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2017b), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Han, G., Fang, W.T., & Huang, Y.W. (2011). “Classification and Influential Factors in the Perceived Tourism Impacts of Community Residents on Nature-based Destinations: China’s Tiantangzhai Scenic Area”. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10.
  • Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using pls path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135.
  • Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernández, B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55
  • Jacoby, J. (2002). “Stimulus‐Organism‐Response Reconsidered: An Evolutionary Step in Modeling (Consumer) Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(1), 51-57.
  • Kılıç, Ç. (2018). 2-MEV (iki faktörlü çevresel değerler modeli) Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçeye adaptasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kılıç, İ. & Şenel, E. (2021). Turizmin Sosyo-Kültürel ve Çevresel Etkilerinin Turizmin Gelişimindeki Rolü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 23, 2, ss. 789-808.
  • Kılıç, İ., & Seçilmiş, C. (2022). Hangisine Güvenirim? Sosyal Medya Influencer’ları Mı Seyahat Acentaları Mı? Uyaran-Süreç-Tepki (Stimulus-Organism-Response) Teorisi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 6(3), Sayfa No.2929-2941.
  • Kotler, P., & Sarkar, C. (2017, January 9). Finally, brand activism. The Marketing Journal. http://www.marketingjournal.org/finally-brand-activism-philip-kotler-and-christian-sarkar/, Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2023.
  • Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism management, 34, 37-46.
  • Lerner, M. & Haber, S. (2001). Performance Factors of Small Tourism Vcnturcs: Th e Interface of Toıırism Entrepreneurship and The Environment. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.16, 77 - 100.
  • Liang, Z., Luo, H. & Bao, J. (2021). A Longitudinal Study of Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–15.
  • Mason, P., Cheyne, C., (2000). “Residents’ Attitude to Proposed Tourism Development”. Annals of Tourism Research. 27: 391-411.
  • Mckercher, B. (2003). “Sustainable Tourism Development-Guiding Principles for Planning and Management”, National Seminar on Sustainable Tourism Development, Bishkek, November, s.5.
  • Mehrabıan, A., & Russell, J. A., (1974). An Approach To Environmental Psychology. The Mıt Press.
  • Moghavvemi, S., Woosnam, K. M., Paramanathan, T., Musa, G., & Hamzah, A. (2017). The effect of residents’ personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment on support for tourism development. Tourism Management, 63, 242-254.
  • Moghavvemi, S., Woosnam, K. M., Paramanathan, T., Musa, G., & Hamzah, A. (2017). The effect of residents’ personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment on support for tourism development. Tourism Management, 63, 242-254.
  • Nunkoo, R. & Ramkissoon, H. (2011). Developing a Community Support Model for Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (3): 964–988.
  • Nüfus, (2023). https://www.nufusu.com/il/eskisehir-nufusu (Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2023).
  • Özcan, C. C. (2015). Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirinin Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizi, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, Sayfa 203-220.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M. & Jaafar, M. (2016). Residents’ Perception Toward Tourism Development: a pre-development perspective, Journal of Place Management and Development, 9 (1): 91-104.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M., & Ali, F. (2018). Partial least squares-structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 238-248.
  • Robinson, D., Newman, S. P., & Stead, S. M. (2019). Communityperceptions link environmental decline to reduced support for tourism developmentin small island states: a case study in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Policy, 108, 103671.
  • Romani, S., Grappi, S., Zarantonello, L., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2015). The revenge of the consumer! How brand moral violations lead to consumer anti-brand activism. Journal of Brand Management, 22(8), 658-672.
  • Roslan, Z., Ramli, Z., Shin, C., Choy, E. A. & Razman, M. R. (2017). Local community perception on the importance of cultural-natural heritage protectionand conservation: Case study in Jugra, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 15(2):107-110.
  • Shah, A. M., Yan, X., Shah, S. A. A., & Alı, M. (2020). “Customers' Perceived Value and Dining Choice Through Mobile Apps İn Indonesia.”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
  • Singh, S. P. (2006). “Tourism in Destinastion Communities”, Sustainable Tourism, (Ed.Shailini Sigh, Dallen Timothy, Ross K. Dawling), Cabi Publishing, London, s.176.
  • Suntikul, W., Pratt, S., Kuan, W. I., Wong, C. I., Chan, C. C., Choi, & W. L., Chong, O. F. (2016). Impacts of tourism on the quality of life of local residents in Hue, Vietnam. Anatolia, 27(4), 405-420.
  • Seçilmiş, C., Özdemir, C., & Kılıç, İ. (2022). How travel influencers affect visit intention? The roles of cognitive response, trust, COVID-19 fear and confidence in vaccine. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 2789-2804.
  • Terzić, A., Jovičić, A. & Simeunović-Bajić, N. (2014).Community role in heritagemanagement and sustainabletourism development: Casestudy of the Danube Regionin Serbia. Transylvanian Reviewof Administrative Sciences,Special Issue:183-201.
  • Wilkinson, D. (2002), Environment and Law, Routledge, New York.
  • Williams, J. & Lawson, R. (2001). Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (2), 269-290.
  • Yoon, Y., Gursoy, D. & Chen, J.S. (2001). Validating a tourism development theory with structural equation modeling. Tourism Management, 22 (4), 363-372.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 251 - 264, 19.12.2023

Abstract

References

  • Abdollahzadeh, G. & Sharifzadeh, A. (2014). Rural residents’ perceptions toward tourism development: A study from Iran, International Journal of Tourism Research, 16 (2), 126-136.
  • Al-Badarneh, M. B. H., & Al-Makhadmeh, A. A. M. (2015). A review of social exchange theory effectiveness in measuring residents' attitudes towards tourism. International Journal of Heritage, Tourism, and Hospitality, 9(2/2).
  • Almeida-García, F., Peláez-Fernández, M. Á., BalbuenaVazquez, A. & Cortes-Macias, R. (2016). Residents' perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain). Tourism Management, 54, 259-274.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yildirim, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Sakarya Yayıncılık, Sakarya, 226.
  • Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, S. S. (2009). Community Perceptions Toward Economic And Environmental Impacts Of Tourism And Local Communities. Asian Social Science, 5(7), 130-137.
  • Ariffin, S., Yusof, J. M., Putit, L. & Shah, M. I. A. (2016). Factors influencing perceived quality and repurchase intention towards green products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 391-396.
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). “Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3): 185-216.
  • Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2005). Measuring Residents’ Attitude Toward Sustainable Tourism: Development Of Sustainable Tourism Scale. Journal of Tourism Research, 43, 380-394.
  • Erul, E., Woosnam, K. M., & McIntosh, W. A. (2020). Considering emotional solidarity and the theory of planned behavior in explaining behavioral intentions to support tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(8), 1158-1173.
  • Faulkner, B. & Tideswell, C. (1997). A framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5 (1), 3-28.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. 18 (3), 382-388.
  • Ganji, S. F. G., Johnson, L. W., & Sadeghian, S. (2021). The effect of place image and place attachment on residents’ perceived value and support for tourism development. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(9), 1304-1318.
  • Gunjić, L. (2017). Local perceptions of cultural heritage and tourismdevelopment -Case study Bač, Serbia. Ge-conservación, 11:57-62.
  • Hadinejad, H. Moyle, B.D., Scott, N., Kralj, A. & Nunkoo, R. (2019). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a review. Tourism Review, 74 (2).
  • Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017a). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
  • Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M. & Sarstedt, M. (2017b), A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Han, G., Fang, W.T., & Huang, Y.W. (2011). “Classification and Influential Factors in the Perceived Tourism Impacts of Community Residents on Nature-based Destinations: China’s Tiantangzhai Scenic Area”. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10.
  • Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using pls path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135.
  • Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernández, B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(3), 273-281.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55
  • Jacoby, J. (2002). “Stimulus‐Organism‐Response Reconsidered: An Evolutionary Step in Modeling (Consumer) Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(1), 51-57.
  • Kılıç, Ç. (2018). 2-MEV (iki faktörlü çevresel değerler modeli) Tutum Ölçeğinin Türkçeye adaptasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kılıç, İ. & Şenel, E. (2021). Turizmin Sosyo-Kültürel ve Çevresel Etkilerinin Turizmin Gelişimindeki Rolü, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 23, 2, ss. 789-808.
  • Kılıç, İ., & Seçilmiş, C. (2022). Hangisine Güvenirim? Sosyal Medya Influencer’ları Mı Seyahat Acentaları Mı? Uyaran-Süreç-Tepki (Stimulus-Organism-Response) Teorisi. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 6(3), Sayfa No.2929-2941.
  • Kotler, P., & Sarkar, C. (2017, January 9). Finally, brand activism. The Marketing Journal. http://www.marketingjournal.org/finally-brand-activism-philip-kotler-and-christian-sarkar/, Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2023.
  • Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism management, 34, 37-46.
  • Lerner, M. & Haber, S. (2001). Performance Factors of Small Tourism Vcnturcs: Th e Interface of Toıırism Entrepreneurship and The Environment. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.16, 77 - 100.
  • Liang, Z., Luo, H. & Bao, J. (2021). A Longitudinal Study of Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism Development, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–15.
  • Mason, P., Cheyne, C., (2000). “Residents’ Attitude to Proposed Tourism Development”. Annals of Tourism Research. 27: 391-411.
  • Mckercher, B. (2003). “Sustainable Tourism Development-Guiding Principles for Planning and Management”, National Seminar on Sustainable Tourism Development, Bishkek, November, s.5.
  • Mehrabıan, A., & Russell, J. A., (1974). An Approach To Environmental Psychology. The Mıt Press.
  • Moghavvemi, S., Woosnam, K. M., Paramanathan, T., Musa, G., & Hamzah, A. (2017). The effect of residents’ personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment on support for tourism development. Tourism Management, 63, 242-254.
  • Moghavvemi, S., Woosnam, K. M., Paramanathan, T., Musa, G., & Hamzah, A. (2017). The effect of residents’ personality, emotional solidarity, and community commitment on support for tourism development. Tourism Management, 63, 242-254.
  • Nunkoo, R. & Ramkissoon, H. (2011). Developing a Community Support Model for Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (3): 964–988.
  • Nüfus, (2023). https://www.nufusu.com/il/eskisehir-nufusu (Erişim tarihi: 10.06.2023).
  • Özcan, C. C. (2015). Türkiye’de Turizm Gelirinin Makroekonomik Belirleyicileri: Panel Veri Analizi, Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 24, Sayı 1, Sayfa 203-220.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M. & Jaafar, M. (2016). Residents’ Perception Toward Tourism Development: a pre-development perspective, Journal of Place Management and Development, 9 (1): 91-104.
  • Rasoolimanesh, S. M., & Ali, F. (2018). Partial least squares-structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 238-248.
  • Robinson, D., Newman, S. P., & Stead, S. M. (2019). Communityperceptions link environmental decline to reduced support for tourism developmentin small island states: a case study in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Policy, 108, 103671.
  • Romani, S., Grappi, S., Zarantonello, L., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2015). The revenge of the consumer! How brand moral violations lead to consumer anti-brand activism. Journal of Brand Management, 22(8), 658-672.
  • Roslan, Z., Ramli, Z., Shin, C., Choy, E. A. & Razman, M. R. (2017). Local community perception on the importance of cultural-natural heritage protectionand conservation: Case study in Jugra, Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 15(2):107-110.
  • Shah, A. M., Yan, X., Shah, S. A. A., & Alı, M. (2020). “Customers' Perceived Value and Dining Choice Through Mobile Apps İn Indonesia.”, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics.
  • Singh, S. P. (2006). “Tourism in Destinastion Communities”, Sustainable Tourism, (Ed.Shailini Sigh, Dallen Timothy, Ross K. Dawling), Cabi Publishing, London, s.176.
  • Suntikul, W., Pratt, S., Kuan, W. I., Wong, C. I., Chan, C. C., Choi, & W. L., Chong, O. F. (2016). Impacts of tourism on the quality of life of local residents in Hue, Vietnam. Anatolia, 27(4), 405-420.
  • Seçilmiş, C., Özdemir, C., & Kılıç, İ. (2022). How travel influencers affect visit intention? The roles of cognitive response, trust, COVID-19 fear and confidence in vaccine. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 2789-2804.
  • Terzić, A., Jovičić, A. & Simeunović-Bajić, N. (2014).Community role in heritagemanagement and sustainabletourism development: Casestudy of the Danube Regionin Serbia. Transylvanian Reviewof Administrative Sciences,Special Issue:183-201.
  • Wilkinson, D. (2002), Environment and Law, Routledge, New York.
  • Williams, J. & Lawson, R. (2001). Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (2), 269-290.
  • Yoon, Y., Gursoy, D. & Chen, J.S. (2001). Validating a tourism development theory with structural equation modeling. Tourism Management, 22 (4), 363-372.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of consumer research, 37(2), 197-206.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sustainable Tourism
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Şenel 0000-0002-0374-6962

İlker Kılıç 0000-0003-0617-2260

Publication Date December 19, 2023
Submission Date August 21, 2023
Acceptance Date November 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şenel, E., & Kılıç, İ. (2023). Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 10(2), 251-264.
AMA Şenel E, Kılıç İ. Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. December 2023;10(2):251-264.
Chicago Şenel, Elif, and İlker Kılıç. “Yerel Halk Turizmin gelişimini Neden Destekler? Uyaran-süreç-Tepki Teorisi”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10, no. 2 (December 2023): 251-64.
EndNote Şenel E, Kılıç İ (December 1, 2023) Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10 2 251–264.
IEEE E. Şenel and İ. Kılıç, “Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 251–264, 2023.
ISNAD Şenel, Elif - Kılıç, İlker. “Yerel Halk Turizmin gelişimini Neden Destekler? Uyaran-süreç-Tepki Teorisi”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10/2 (December 2023), 251-264.
JAMA Şenel E, Kılıç İ. Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2023;10:251–264.
MLA Şenel, Elif and İlker Kılıç. “Yerel Halk Turizmin gelişimini Neden Destekler? Uyaran-süreç-Tepki Teorisi”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, 2023, pp. 251-64.
Vancouver Şenel E, Kılıç İ. Yerel halk turizmin gelişimini neden destekler? Uyaran-süreç-tepki teorisi. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2023;10(2):251-64.