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Akılcı Duygusal Davranışçı Yaklaşım Temelli İletişim Becerileri Programının Yetişkinlerin İletişim Becerileri ve Bilişsel Esneklik Düzeylerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 46 - 65, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54971/synergy.1202496

Abstract

Bu araştırmada Akılcı Duygusal Davranışçı Yaklaşım Temelli İletişim Becerileri Programı’nın (ADDY-İBEP) yetişkinlerin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ve iletişim becerilerine etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desene göre tasarlanan araştırmanın katılımcıları Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren uluslararası bir otel zincirinin çalışanları arasından rastlantısal yolla çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın deney grubunda 6 erkek ve 5 kadın, kontrol grubunda ise 5 erkek, 6 kadın üye bulunmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri (BEE), İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu (İBÖ-YF) ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen 90’ar dakika ve 12 oturumdan oluşan ADDY-İBEP deney grubuna uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada kontrol grubundaki üyelere yönelik herhangi bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Çalışmanın izleme ölçümleri, son testin uygulanmasından dört hafta sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri SPSS 24.0 ortamında incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinder Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi ve Mann-Whitney U Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ADDY-İBEP’in, deney grubu üyelerinin bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ve iletişim becerilerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttırdığı saptanmıştır.

References

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  • Atan, A., & Buluş, M. (2020). The effect of family communication skills psycho-education program on the communication skills of spouses and couple adjustment. Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 40(1), 255-288. Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual review of psychology, 52, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Beck, A. T. (2008). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. (A. Türkcan, V. Öztürk, Trans.). İstanbul: Litera Publication.
  • Buckman, R. (2001). Communication skills in palliative care. Neurologic Clinics, 19(4), 989-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70057-8
  • Canas, J. J., Fajardo, I., & Salmeron, L. (2006). “Cognitive Flexibility” İn International Encyclopedia Of Ergonomics And Human Factors, Karwowski, Waldemar, ed. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 297-300.
  • Canas, J. J., Quesada, J.F., Antoli, A., & Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501.
  • Conrad, D., & Newberry, R. (2011). 24 Business communication skills: Attitudes of human resource managers versus business educators. American Communication Journal, 13(1), 4-23.
  • Corey, G. (2008). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (T. Ergene, Trans.). Ankara: Mentis Publications.
  • Coursen, D., & Thomas, J. (1989). Communicating. ERIC Publications; Guides. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED309515.pdfating
  • Covey, R. S. (1998). 7 habits of effective people. (G. Suveren, O. Deniztekin, Trans.). İstanbul: Varlık Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (1996). Human to human again. İstanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
  • Damanhouri, M. (2018). The advantages and disadvantages of body language in Intercultural communication. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 21(1). 68-82.
  • Demirtaş, A. S., & Güven, M. (2016). Cognitive experiential theory-based psycho-education program, developing constructivist thinking. Ankara: Anı Publication.
  • Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010) The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 241-253.
  • Dryden, W. (2018). Basic topics in counseling practices. (F. Akkoyun, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Academic Publication.
  • Ellis, A. (1987). The impossibility of achieving consistently good mental health. American Psychologist, 42(4), 364-375.
  • Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: Revised and updated. New York: Birch Lane Press.
  • Ellis, A., & Harper, R. A. (2017). Rational life guide. (S. Kunt Akbaş, Trans.). Ankara: Negative Books.
  • Epstein, S. (2003). Cognitive‐experiential self‐theory of personality. Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0507
  • Fallowfield, L., Jenkins, V., Farewell, V., & Solis-Trapala, I. (2003). Enduring impact of communication skills training: Results of a 12-month follow-up. British Journal of Cancer 89, 1445–1449.
  • Froggatt, W. (2005). A brief introduction to rational emotive behaviour therapy. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 3(1), 115-146.
  • Gezgin, M. (2019). The effects of cognitive behavioral approach and psychodrama practice-based mediation training program on mediators' skills. (Master's thesis). Ege University, Izmir.
  • Ghazavi, Z., Feshangchi, S., Alavi, M., & Keshvari M. (2016). Effect of a family-oriented communication skills training program on depression, anxiety, and stress in older adults: A randomized clinical trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud., 5(1), 1-8.
  • Goleman, D. (2014). Focus is the key to excellence. (F. Nayır Deniztekin, Trans.). İstanbul: Varlık Publications.
  • Gordon, T. (2001). Effective parent education, family communication language. (E. Aksay, Trans.). İstanbul: Sistem Publication.
  • Gökçe, H., & Keçeci, K. (2020). Communication skills and social appearance concerns of individuals participating in physical activity. National Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(1), 73-81.
  • Guclu, S. (2016). An experimental study towards young adults: Communication skills education. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(63), 0-0. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/24399/258659
  • Güler, K. & Yılmaz M. (2021). Homework is “time to take responsibility” in cognitive behavioral therapy. Ankara: Educating Book.
  • Gülüm, I. V., & Dağ, I. (2012). Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability of the repetitive thinking scale and cognitive flexibility inventory. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 13(3), 216-223.
  • Harris, K. R. (1988). Cognitive-behavior modification: Application with exceptional students. In Meyen, E. L., Vergason, G. A., & Whelan, R. J. (Eds.), Effective instructional strategies for exceptional children. Denver, CO: Love Publishing Company, 253-268.
  • Herdem, T. H. (2009). The effectiveness of the anger management program prepared for store employees. (Master's thesis). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Hill, A. (2008). Predictors of relationship satisfaction: The link between cognitive flexibility, compassionate love and level of differentiation (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI Number: 3335234)
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2017). New people and people. İstanbul: Evolution Book.
  • Kısa, U. (2020). Another communication. Istanbul: Sola Unitas.
  • Korkut Owen, F., & Demirbaş Çelik, N. (2018). Examination of communication skills of adults according to their gender, age and personality traits. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(4), 2305-2321.
  • Korkut, F. (1996). Development of communication skills assessment scale: Reliability and validity studies. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 2(7), 18-23. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tpdrd/issue/21427/229793
  • Korkut, F. (2005). Communication skills training for adults. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 28, 143-149.
  • Mahfar, M., Noah, S. M., & Senin, A. A. (2019). Development of rational emotive education module for stress intervention of Malaysian boarding school students. SAGE Journals, 1-16.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1994). Development of a communication flexibility scale. Southern Communication Journal, 59(2), 171-178.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M., & Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and their relationship with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication flexibility scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(3), 532-533.
  • Öztürk, S. (2013). Communication and alienation through films. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Communication, 1(44), 143-175.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Rogers, C. R. (2019). The man of tomorrow. (F. Cihan Dansuk, Trans.). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Publications.
  • Rubin, R. B., & Martin, M. M. (1994). Development of a measure of interpersonal communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 11(1), 33-44.
  • Satir, V. (2001). Creating humans. (S. Yeniçeri Trans.). İstanbul: Beyaz Publications.
  • Sekman, I. (2021). Examination of classroom teachers' communication skills and attitudes towards the teaching profession (Master thesis). Inönü Universty, Malatya.
  • Silliman, B., & Schumm, W. R. (2000). Marriage preparation programs: A literature review. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 8(2), 133-142.
  • Sucu, B. T. (2020). Investigation of university students' social problem-solving skills in terms of perceived mother-me attitude and cognitive flexibility levels. (Master's thesis). Maltepe University, İstanbul.
  • Şahin, E. (2018). The effect of a psycho-educational program based on a rational emotional-behavioral approach on adolescents' self-perception. (Doctoral dissertation). Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun.
  • Şahin, E. S., & Voltan Acar, N. (2019). Rational emotive behavior therapy from a new perspective. Journal of Human Sciences, 16(4), 894-906. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i4.5821
  • Şahin, H. (2019). Investigation of the effect of psycho-educational program based on cognitive-behavioral approach on psychological resilience. (Unpublished master's thesis). Gaziantep University, Gaziantep.
  • Tikdarinejad, A., & Khezri Moghadam, N. (2017). Relationship between irrational beliefs and marital conflicts in couples based on rational-emotive behavior therapy. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, 5(2), 526-530.
  • Toy, B. Y., & Tosunoğlu, N. G. (2007). Scientific research process, statistical techniques and mistakes made in research in the field of social sciences. Journal of Gazi University Faculty of Commerce and Tourism Education, 1, 1-20.
  • Turner, M. J., Ewen, D., & Barker, J. B. (2020). An idiographic single-case study examining the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with three amateur golfers to alleviate social anxiety. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(2), 186-204.
  • Tursunovna, S. U. (2022). Developing students’ research and communication skills. Central Asıan Journal of Lıterature, Phılosophy And Culture, 3(2), 23-26.
  • Tuzcuoğlu, N. (1996). Rational emotional approach and its characteristics in psychological counseling. Journal of Suggestion, 1(4), 111-114.
  • Türkçapar, M. H., & Sargın, A. E. (2012). Cognitive behavioral psychotherapies: History and development. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 1(1), 7-14.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131.
  • Verderber, R. F. (1999). Communicate! México, D.F.: International Thomson.
  • Voltan Acar, N. (2019). Human relations, communication. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publications.
  • Widodo, H. (2019). The effectiveness of group counseling services using rational emotive behavior therapy approach to overcome anxiety of senior high school students in padang tualang north sumatera. Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 95-115.
  • Yalçın, I. (2010). The effect of the relationship development program on the relationship satisfaction levels of university students. (Doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Qualitative research methods. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
  • Zaiss, C. D., & Gordon, T. (2003). Effective sales training. (E. Aksay, Trans. B. Özkan, Eds.). İstanbul: Sistem Publications.

The Effects Of Communication Skills Education On Cognitive Flexibility And Communication Skills Of Adults

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 46 - 65, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54971/synergy.1202496

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the The Effect of Rational Emotional Behavioral Approach Based Communication Skills Program on adults communication skills and cognitive flexibility levels. The participants of the study, which was designed according to the experimental design with the pre-test post-test control group, were included in the study randomly among the employees of an international hotel chain operating in Turkey. There are 5 female and 6 male members in the experimental group and 6 female and 5 male members in the control group. The data of the study were collected with the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), Communication Skills Scale-Adult Form (CSS-AF) and Personal Information Form. Within the scope of the research, the Rational Emotional Behavioral Approach-Based Communication Skills Training Program (REBA-CSTP), developed by the researchers and consisting of 90 minutes and 12 sessions, was applied to the individuals in the experimental group. No application was made to the control group. Follow-up measurements were made four weeks after administration of the post-test. Research data were analysed in SPSS 24.0 environment, differences between groups were analysed with Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. As a result of the research, it was determined that REBA-CSTP increased the cognitive flexibility levels and communication skills of the experimental group members at a statistically significant level.

References

  • AEI, The Albert Ellis Institue (2021). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). https://albertellis.org/rebt-cbt-therapy/
  • Atan, A., & Buluş, M. (2020). The effect of family communication skills psycho-education program on the communication skills of spouses and couple adjustment. Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 40(1), 255-288. Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual review of psychology, 52, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Beck, A. T. (2008). Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders. (A. Türkcan, V. Öztürk, Trans.). İstanbul: Litera Publication.
  • Buckman, R. (2001). Communication skills in palliative care. Neurologic Clinics, 19(4), 989-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70057-8
  • Canas, J. J., Fajardo, I., & Salmeron, L. (2006). “Cognitive Flexibility” İn International Encyclopedia Of Ergonomics And Human Factors, Karwowski, Waldemar, ed. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 297-300.
  • Canas, J. J., Quesada, J.F., Antoli, A., & Fajardo, I. (2003). Cognitive flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes in dynamic complex problem-solving tasks. Ergonomics, 46(5), 482-501.
  • Conrad, D., & Newberry, R. (2011). 24 Business communication skills: Attitudes of human resource managers versus business educators. American Communication Journal, 13(1), 4-23.
  • Corey, G. (2008). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (T. Ergene, Trans.). Ankara: Mentis Publications.
  • Coursen, D., & Thomas, J. (1989). Communicating. ERIC Publications; Guides. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED309515.pdfating
  • Covey, R. S. (1998). 7 habits of effective people. (G. Suveren, O. Deniztekin, Trans.). İstanbul: Varlık Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (1996). Human to human again. İstanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
  • Damanhouri, M. (2018). The advantages and disadvantages of body language in Intercultural communication. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 21(1). 68-82.
  • Demirtaş, A. S., & Güven, M. (2016). Cognitive experiential theory-based psycho-education program, developing constructivist thinking. Ankara: Anı Publication.
  • Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S. (2010) The cognitive flexibility inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 241-253.
  • Dryden, W. (2018). Basic topics in counseling practices. (F. Akkoyun, Trans. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Academic Publication.
  • Ellis, A. (1987). The impossibility of achieving consistently good mental health. American Psychologist, 42(4), 364-375.
  • Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: Revised and updated. New York: Birch Lane Press.
  • Ellis, A., & Harper, R. A. (2017). Rational life guide. (S. Kunt Akbaş, Trans.). Ankara: Negative Books.
  • Epstein, S. (2003). Cognitive‐experiential self‐theory of personality. Wiley Online Library, doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0507
  • Fallowfield, L., Jenkins, V., Farewell, V., & Solis-Trapala, I. (2003). Enduring impact of communication skills training: Results of a 12-month follow-up. British Journal of Cancer 89, 1445–1449.
  • Froggatt, W. (2005). A brief introduction to rational emotive behaviour therapy. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 3(1), 115-146.
  • Gezgin, M. (2019). The effects of cognitive behavioral approach and psychodrama practice-based mediation training program on mediators' skills. (Master's thesis). Ege University, Izmir.
  • Ghazavi, Z., Feshangchi, S., Alavi, M., & Keshvari M. (2016). Effect of a family-oriented communication skills training program on depression, anxiety, and stress in older adults: A randomized clinical trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud., 5(1), 1-8.
  • Goleman, D. (2014). Focus is the key to excellence. (F. Nayır Deniztekin, Trans.). İstanbul: Varlık Publications.
  • Gordon, T. (2001). Effective parent education, family communication language. (E. Aksay, Trans.). İstanbul: Sistem Publication.
  • Gökçe, H., & Keçeci, K. (2020). Communication skills and social appearance concerns of individuals participating in physical activity. National Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(1), 73-81.
  • Guclu, S. (2016). An experimental study towards young adults: Communication skills education. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(63), 0-0. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejer/issue/24399/258659
  • Güler, K. & Yılmaz M. (2021). Homework is “time to take responsibility” in cognitive behavioral therapy. Ankara: Educating Book.
  • Gülüm, I. V., & Dağ, I. (2012). Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability of the repetitive thinking scale and cognitive flexibility inventory. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 13(3), 216-223.
  • Harris, K. R. (1988). Cognitive-behavior modification: Application with exceptional students. In Meyen, E. L., Vergason, G. A., & Whelan, R. J. (Eds.), Effective instructional strategies for exceptional children. Denver, CO: Love Publishing Company, 253-268.
  • Herdem, T. H. (2009). The effectiveness of the anger management program prepared for store employees. (Master's thesis). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Hill, A. (2008). Predictors of relationship satisfaction: The link between cognitive flexibility, compassionate love and level of differentiation (Doctoral dissertation). (UMI Number: 3335234)
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2017). New people and people. İstanbul: Evolution Book.
  • Kısa, U. (2020). Another communication. Istanbul: Sola Unitas.
  • Korkut Owen, F., & Demirbaş Çelik, N. (2018). Examination of communication skills of adults according to their gender, age and personality traits. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(4), 2305-2321.
  • Korkut, F. (1996). Development of communication skills assessment scale: Reliability and validity studies. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 2(7), 18-23. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tpdrd/issue/21427/229793
  • Korkut, F. (2005). Communication skills training for adults. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 28, 143-149.
  • Mahfar, M., Noah, S. M., & Senin, A. A. (2019). Development of rational emotive education module for stress intervention of Malaysian boarding school students. SAGE Journals, 1-16.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1994). Development of a communication flexibility scale. Southern Communication Journal, 59(2), 171-178.
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • Martin, M. M., Anderson, C. M., & Thweatt, K. S. (1998). Aggressive communication traits and their relationship with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication flexibility scale. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13(3), 532-533.
  • Öztürk, S. (2013). Communication and alienation through films. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Communication, 1(44), 143-175.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Rogers, C. R. (2019). The man of tomorrow. (F. Cihan Dansuk, Trans.). İstanbul: Okuyan Us Publications.
  • Rubin, R. B., & Martin, M. M. (1994). Development of a measure of interpersonal communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 11(1), 33-44.
  • Satir, V. (2001). Creating humans. (S. Yeniçeri Trans.). İstanbul: Beyaz Publications.
  • Sekman, I. (2021). Examination of classroom teachers' communication skills and attitudes towards the teaching profession (Master thesis). Inönü Universty, Malatya.
  • Silliman, B., & Schumm, W. R. (2000). Marriage preparation programs: A literature review. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 8(2), 133-142.
  • Sucu, B. T. (2020). Investigation of university students' social problem-solving skills in terms of perceived mother-me attitude and cognitive flexibility levels. (Master's thesis). Maltepe University, İstanbul.
  • Şahin, E. (2018). The effect of a psycho-educational program based on a rational emotional-behavioral approach on adolescents' self-perception. (Doctoral dissertation). Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun.
  • Şahin, E. S., & Voltan Acar, N. (2019). Rational emotive behavior therapy from a new perspective. Journal of Human Sciences, 16(4), 894-906. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i4.5821
  • Şahin, H. (2019). Investigation of the effect of psycho-educational program based on cognitive-behavioral approach on psychological resilience. (Unpublished master's thesis). Gaziantep University, Gaziantep.
  • Tikdarinejad, A., & Khezri Moghadam, N. (2017). Relationship between irrational beliefs and marital conflicts in couples based on rational-emotive behavior therapy. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, 5(2), 526-530.
  • Toy, B. Y., & Tosunoğlu, N. G. (2007). Scientific research process, statistical techniques and mistakes made in research in the field of social sciences. Journal of Gazi University Faculty of Commerce and Tourism Education, 1, 1-20.
  • Turner, M. J., Ewen, D., & Barker, J. B. (2020). An idiographic single-case study examining the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with three amateur golfers to alleviate social anxiety. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(2), 186-204.
  • Tursunovna, S. U. (2022). Developing students’ research and communication skills. Central Asıan Journal of Lıterature, Phılosophy And Culture, 3(2), 23-26.
  • Tuzcuoğlu, N. (1996). Rational emotional approach and its characteristics in psychological counseling. Journal of Suggestion, 1(4), 111-114.
  • Türkçapar, M. H., & Sargın, A. E. (2012). Cognitive behavioral psychotherapies: History and development. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 1(1), 7-14.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131.
  • Verderber, R. F. (1999). Communicate! México, D.F.: International Thomson.
  • Voltan Acar, N. (2019). Human relations, communication. Ankara: Nobel Academic Publications.
  • Widodo, H. (2019). The effectiveness of group counseling services using rational emotive behavior therapy approach to overcome anxiety of senior high school students in padang tualang north sumatera. Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 95-115.
  • Yalçın, I. (2010). The effect of the relationship development program on the relationship satisfaction levels of university students. (Doctoral dissertation). Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Qualitative research methods. Ankara: Seçkin Publication.
  • Zaiss, C. D., & Gordon, T. (2003). Effective sales training. (E. Aksay, Trans. B. Özkan, Eds.). İstanbul: Sistem Publications.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Selnur Gülek 0000-0002-1048-1288

Ekrem Sedat Şahin 0000-0002-2499-1617

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date November 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gülek, S., & Şahin, E. S. (2022). The Effects Of Communication Skills Education On Cognitive Flexibility And Communication Skills Of Adults. Sinerji Uluslararası Alan Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 46-65. https://doi.org/10.54971/synergy.1202496

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