Review
BibTex RIS Cite

ETRÜSKLERDE DANS FAALİYETLERİ VE AMAÇLARI ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 13 - 25, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1288342

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Etrüsklerde dans faaliyetlerinin topluma yansıması ve amaçları üzerine güncel yorumlamalarda bulunmaktır. Literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Etrüsk mezar resimlerindeki konular ve özellikle de danslar genel olarak cenaze ve mezarla ilişkilidir. İtalya'nın Tarquinia kentindeki 2500 yıllık bir Etrüsk mezarının duvarları, parlak renkli dansçı ve müzisyenlerin resimleriyle kaplıdır. Mevcut Etrüsk metinleri, dansa yönelik tutumlarla ilgili bilgi sunmaz. Etrüsk dans ikonografisi, MÖ 6. yüzyılda başlayan Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemlerde ortaya çıkar. Ancak birkaç örnek Etrurya'da MÖ 2. yüzyıla kadar devam eder. Dans, duvar resmi, rölyef heykel, süslü seramikler, bronz heykelcikler ve şamdanlar, oyma bronz aynalar ve oyulmuş değerli taşlar gibi büyük ve küçük ölçekli, iki ve üç boyutlu ortamlarda tasvir edilir. Mezarlardaki giysiler, dansçıların önce yavaş hareket ettiğini, sonra dönüp daha hızlı ve daha hızlı sıçradığını gösterir. Sonuç:Etrüsklerde dans sahneleri çokça mezar duvarlarına yansımıştır. Bunlardan en önemlisi Tarquinia kentindeki mezarların duvar resimlerinde müzikli olduğu düşünülen dans sahneleridir. Bu dans sahnelerinin amaçları arasında insanları tanrılara yaklaştırma ve eğlence amacı olduğu gibi cenazelerde üzüntüyü dağıtma olabilir. Etrüsklerin özellikle cenaze oyunlarında sadece ölüleri anma ve üzüntüyü dağıtma değil hayatta olanları da ilgilendiren bir geçiş ayini de yapılırdı. Yarışmalar içerisinde de danslar ve ziyafetler vardı. Danslar ile toplumda ölümün getirdiği psikolojik sıkıntılardan kurtulma ve geleceği garanti altına almak için güç toplamaya yardımcı olmak amaçlamış olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Etrüskler, Dans, Mezar, Cenaze, Spor

References

  • Dede T. (2017). Etrüsk Yeraltı Mezarlarında Duvar Resimleri, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi
  • De Juliis, Ettore M. (2004). "The Etruscans in Apulia". In Bernardini, Paolo; Camporeale, Giovannangelo (eds.). The Etruscans Outside Etruria. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-767-2.
  • Gardiner, E. N. (1930). Athletics of the ancient world. Britain: Oxford at the Clarendon Press. https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub399/entry-6334.html
  • Haynes, S. (2000). Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History. London: British Museum. İmamoğlu M.,İmamoğlu G. (2018). Etrüsklerde Spor Aktiviteleri, Turkish Studies Social Sciences Volume 13(26): 725-744
  • Jannot, J. (1993). “Phersu, Phersuna, Persona. À Propos du Masque Étrusque.” in Spectacles sportifs et scéniques dans le monde étrusco-italique, 281-320. Rome: École Française de Rome.
  • Koç S., İmamoğlu G. (2019). Etrüsk, Mısır ve Eski Türklerdeki Kadın Sporcu Görselleri Benzerlikleri, 17. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı,947-952, www.sbk2019.org, ISBN numarası: '978-605-68414-3-9',
  • Koca F., İmamoğlu G., İmamoğlu O. (2018). Hunting, Horse Riding and Archery Sports in Ancient Egypt and Interpretation of Their Depictions, The Journal of International Social Research, 11(59):1490-1497 Kyle, D.G. (2014). Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex.
  • Layton Marietta S.A. (2013). Performance and Visual Culture in Etruria: 7th - 2nd Century BC, A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy McIntire Department of Art.
  • Mark C. (2017). The Horse: Beast of Burden or a Symbol of Status in Etruscan Society, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Crittenden?e
  • Morgan A. (2017). Etruscan Dance Culture as Represented in Tomb Paintings from the UNESCO Heritage Site in Tarquinia (Italy), https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/inquiryatqueens/article/view/10440
  • Naerebout, F. (1996). “Texts and Images as Sources for the study of Dance in Ancient Greece.” Pharos 3:23-40.
  • Olivova, V. (1985). Sport and games in the ancient world. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Pascale, Enrico (2009). Death and Resurrection in Art. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-947-8.
  • Sannibale, M. (2004). “Sports in Etruria – the adoption of a Greek ideal between reality and symbolism.” in Magna Graecia: Athletics and the Olympic Spirit on the Periphery of the Hellenic World, edited by N. Stampolidis and Y. Tassoulas, 81-101. Athens: Museum of Cycladic Art.
  • Shapiro, A. (2000). “Modest Athletes and Liberated Women: Etruscans on Attic Blackfigure Vases.” in Not the Classical Ideal, edited by B. Cogen, 315-37. Leiden: Brill.
  • Smith, A. (2006). “Representational Aesthetics and Political Subjectivity: The Spectacular in Urartian Images of Performance.” in Archaeology of Performance. Theaters of Power, Community, and Politics, edited by T. Inomata and L. Coben, 103-34. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
  • Şinoforoğlu T., Akkurt M. (2021). Krallık’tan Cumhuriyet’e Roma’da Spor, Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 19(4); 1-19, https://www.researchgate.net/publication
  • Thuillier, J. P. (2004). Le sport dans la civilisation Etrusque: Entre Grece et Rome. Etudes Balkaniques, (11), 13-32.
  • Whiting A. (2023). Dance and games offer glimpses of life – and death – in ancient Italy, https://eyaklaşık olarakeuropa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/dance-and-games- offer-glimpses-life-and-death-ancient-italy
  • Yılmaz F. (2012). Arkaik Dönem Etrüsk ve Anadolu Mezar Resimlerinin Karşılaştırılması, İsmail Fazılıoğlu Anı Kitabı, Trakya Üniversitesi Yayınları: (editör: Işık Şahin), Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara, sh.231-240

REFLECTIONS ON DANCE ACTIVITIES AND PURPOSES IN ETRUSCANS

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 13 - 25, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1288342

Abstract

The aim of this study is to make up-to-date interpretations on the reflection of the Etruscan dance activities on the society and their purposes. A literature review was made. Subjects in Etruscan tomb paintings, and especially dances, are generally associated with funerals and burials. The walls of a 2,500-year-old Etruscan tomb in Tarquinia, Italy, are covered with brightly colored paintings of dancers and musicians. Existing Etruscan texts do not provide information on attitudes towards dance. Etruscan dance iconography originates in the Archaic and Classical Periods beginning in the 6th century BC. However, a few examples persist in Etruria as far back as the 2nd century BC. The dance is depicted in large and small scale, two- and three-dimensional mediums, such as mural painting, relief sculpture, ornate ceramics, bronze statuettes and candlesticks, carved bronze mirrors, and carved gemstones. The clothes on the tombs show the dancers moving slowly at first, then turning and leaping faster and faster. Conclusion: Etruscan dance scenes are mostly reflected on the tomb walls. The most important of these are the dance scenes that are thought to be musical in the wall paintings of the tombs in the city of Tarquinia. Among the purposes of these dance scenes may be to bring people closer to the gods and to disperse sadness at funerals, as well as for entertainment. Especially in the funeral games of the Etruscans, a rite of passage was performed not only to commemorate the dead and to disperse sorrow, but also to concern the living. There were dances and banquets in the competitions. With the dances, he may have aimed to get rid of the psychological distress caused by death in the society and to help gather strength to guarantee the future.
Keywords: Etruscans, Dance, Burial, Funeral, Sports

References

  • Dede T. (2017). Etrüsk Yeraltı Mezarlarında Duvar Resimleri, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi
  • De Juliis, Ettore M. (2004). "The Etruscans in Apulia". In Bernardini, Paolo; Camporeale, Giovannangelo (eds.). The Etruscans Outside Etruria. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-767-2.
  • Gardiner, E. N. (1930). Athletics of the ancient world. Britain: Oxford at the Clarendon Press. https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub399/entry-6334.html
  • Haynes, S. (2000). Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History. London: British Museum. İmamoğlu M.,İmamoğlu G. (2018). Etrüsklerde Spor Aktiviteleri, Turkish Studies Social Sciences Volume 13(26): 725-744
  • Jannot, J. (1993). “Phersu, Phersuna, Persona. À Propos du Masque Étrusque.” in Spectacles sportifs et scéniques dans le monde étrusco-italique, 281-320. Rome: École Française de Rome.
  • Koç S., İmamoğlu G. (2019). Etrüsk, Mısır ve Eski Türklerdeki Kadın Sporcu Görselleri Benzerlikleri, 17. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı,947-952, www.sbk2019.org, ISBN numarası: '978-605-68414-3-9',
  • Koca F., İmamoğlu G., İmamoğlu O. (2018). Hunting, Horse Riding and Archery Sports in Ancient Egypt and Interpretation of Their Depictions, The Journal of International Social Research, 11(59):1490-1497 Kyle, D.G. (2014). Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex.
  • Layton Marietta S.A. (2013). Performance and Visual Culture in Etruria: 7th - 2nd Century BC, A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy McIntire Department of Art.
  • Mark C. (2017). The Horse: Beast of Burden or a Symbol of Status in Etruscan Society, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Crittenden?e
  • Morgan A. (2017). Etruscan Dance Culture as Represented in Tomb Paintings from the UNESCO Heritage Site in Tarquinia (Italy), https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/inquiryatqueens/article/view/10440
  • Naerebout, F. (1996). “Texts and Images as Sources for the study of Dance in Ancient Greece.” Pharos 3:23-40.
  • Olivova, V. (1985). Sport and games in the ancient world. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Pascale, Enrico (2009). Death and Resurrection in Art. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. ISBN 978-0-89236-947-8.
  • Sannibale, M. (2004). “Sports in Etruria – the adoption of a Greek ideal between reality and symbolism.” in Magna Graecia: Athletics and the Olympic Spirit on the Periphery of the Hellenic World, edited by N. Stampolidis and Y. Tassoulas, 81-101. Athens: Museum of Cycladic Art.
  • Shapiro, A. (2000). “Modest Athletes and Liberated Women: Etruscans on Attic Blackfigure Vases.” in Not the Classical Ideal, edited by B. Cogen, 315-37. Leiden: Brill.
  • Smith, A. (2006). “Representational Aesthetics and Political Subjectivity: The Spectacular in Urartian Images of Performance.” in Archaeology of Performance. Theaters of Power, Community, and Politics, edited by T. Inomata and L. Coben, 103-34. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
  • Şinoforoğlu T., Akkurt M. (2021). Krallık’tan Cumhuriyet’e Roma’da Spor, Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 19(4); 1-19, https://www.researchgate.net/publication
  • Thuillier, J. P. (2004). Le sport dans la civilisation Etrusque: Entre Grece et Rome. Etudes Balkaniques, (11), 13-32.
  • Whiting A. (2023). Dance and games offer glimpses of life – and death – in ancient Italy, https://eyaklaşık olarakeuropa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/dance-and-games- offer-glimpses-life-and-death-ancient-italy
  • Yılmaz F. (2012). Arkaik Dönem Etrüsk ve Anadolu Mezar Resimlerinin Karşılaştırılması, İsmail Fazılıoğlu Anı Kitabı, Trakya Üniversitesi Yayınları: (editör: Işık Şahin), Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara, sh.231-240
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine, Sports and Recreation
Journal Section Derleme Makaleleri
Authors

Semra Çetin 0000-0003-4539-1757

Mehmet Acet 0000-0003-3601-1601

Early Pub Date May 24, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Acceptance Date May 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çetin, S., & Acet, M. (2023). ETRÜSKLERDE DANS FAALİYETLERİ VE AMAÇLARI ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER. Spor Ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1288342

Creative Commons Lisansı

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.