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A Psychological Counseling Study on Fear of Failure and Academic Procrastination with a Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Behavioral Group

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 219 - 235, 15.10.2019

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of psychological counseling with an eight-session group study based on the spiritually oriented cognitive behavioral approach, which was developed to reduce high school students’ fear of failure and academic procrastination levels. The study uses an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample group of the study consists of 20 female students (10 experimental and 10 controls) attending 11th grade at an Imam Hatip High School in the Üsküdar District of Istanbul during the 2018-2019 academic year. The experimental and control groups were applied the Error Making Anxiety Subscale of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Academic Procrastination Scale as the pre-tests and post-tests. Spiritually oriented cognitive behavioral psychological counseling was conducted in 90-minute sessions for eight weeks. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test has been used to determine whether a difference exists between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. The non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test has been used to test whether significant differences exist between the fear of failure and academic procrastination pre-test and post-test scores for both the control and experimental groups. As a result of the study, the psychological counseling with spiritually oriented cognitive behavioral group study was found to have an effect on fear of failure and academic procrastination. The results have been discussed last.

References

  • Akuchekian, S., Jamshidian, Z., Maracy, M. R., Almasi, A., & Jazi, A. H. D. (2011). Effectiveness of Religious Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Religious Oriented Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and its Co-morbidity. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 28(114). Arpin-Cribbie, C., Irvine, J., & Ritvo, P. (2012). Web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for perfectionism: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy Research, 22(2), 194-207 Azhar, M. Z., Varma, S. L., & Dhorap, A. S. (1994). Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 1–3. Azhar, M. Z., & Varma, S. L. (2000). Mental Illness and Its Treatment in Malaysia. In I. Al-Issa (Ed.), Al-Junūn: Mental illness in the Islamic world (pp. 163-186). Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc. Balkıs, M. (2006). Öğretmen Adaylarının Davranıslarındaki Erteleme Eğiliminin, Karar Verme Tarzları Ile Iliskisi. (Yayınlanmamıs Doktora Tezi). İzmir: Dokuz Eylül .niversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Balkıs, M. ve Duru, E. (2010). Akademik Erteleme Eğilimi, Akademik Başarı İlişkisinde Genel ve Performans Benlik Saygısının Rolü, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 159-170. Barrera, T. L., Zeno, D., Bush, A. L., Barber, C. R., Stanley, M. A. (2012). Integrating religion and spirituality into treatment for late-life anxiety: Three case studies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 346–358. Berber Çelik, Ç., ve Odacı, H. (2015). Akademik erteleme davranışının bazı kişisel ve psikolojik değişkenlere göre açıklanması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (HU Journal of Education), 30(3), 31-47. Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23, 207-217. Breitbart, W. (2002). Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: spirituality-and meaning centered group psychotherapy interventions in advanced cancer. Supportive care in cancer, 10(4), 272-280. Bristow‐Braitman, A. (1995). Addiction Recovery: 12‐Step Programs and Cognitive‐Behavioral Psychology. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(4), 414-418. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Deneysel Desenler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Caraway, K., Tucker, C. M., Reinke, W. M., & Hall, C. (2003). Self‐efficacy, goal orientation, and fear f failure as predictors of school engagement in high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 40(4), 417-427. Chow, H. P. H. (2011). Procrastination among undergraduate students: Effects of emotional intelligence, school life, self-evaluation, and self- efficacy. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(2), 234-240. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., Deblinger, E., & Berliner, L. (2009). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents. In E. B. Foa, T. M. Keane, M. J. Friedman, & J. A. Cohen (Ed.) Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (s. 223–244). New York, NY: Guilford. Cole, B., & Pargament, K. I. (1999). Re-creating your life: A spiritual: Psychotherapeutic intervention for people diagnosed wıth cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 395–407. Conroy, D. E., Kaye, M. P., & Fifer, A. M. (2007). Cognitive links between fear of failure and perfectionism. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25(4), 237-253. Conroy, D. E., Poczwardowski, A., & Henschen, K. P. (2001). Evaluative criteria and consequences associated with failure and success for elite athletes and performing artists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 300 322. Cüceloğlu, D. (2019). İnsan ve davranışı (37. bs). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi Çakıcı, D. Ç. (2003). Lise ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Genel Erteleme Ve Akademik Erteleme Davranışının İncelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Ebrahimi, A., Neshatdoost, H. T., Mousavi, S. G., Asadollahi, G. A., & Nasiri, H. (2013). Controlled randomized clinical trial of spirituality integrated psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and medication intervention on depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with dysthymic disorder. Advanced biomedical research, 2. Ellis, A.E & Harper, R.A. (1975). A New Guide to Raitonal Living. Hollywood: Willshire. Elkins, D. N. (2005). A Humanistic Approach to Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy. In L.E. Sperry & E.P. Shafranske (Eds.), Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy (pp.131-151). Washington, DC: APA Fatimah, O., Lukman, Z.M., Khairudin, R., Shahrazad W. S. & Halim, W, F. (2011). Procrastination’s Relation with Fear of Failure, Competence Expectancy and Intrinsic Motivation. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 19 (S): 123 – 127 Ferrari, J. R., Jonhson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment. New York: Plenum. Flett, G.L., Stainton, M. Hewitt, P.L., Sherry, S.B., & Lay, C. (2012). Procrastination automatic thoughts as a personality construct: An analysis of the procrastinatory cognitions ınventory. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 223-236. Haghbin, M., McCaffrey, A., & Pychyl, T. A. (2012). The complexity of the relation between fear of failure and procrastination. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 249-263. Handley, A. K., Egan, S. J., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2015). A randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 68, 37-47. Harris, E. S. (2000). God, Buber and the practice of gestalt therapy. Gestalt Journal, 23(1), 39-62. Hawkins, R.S., Tan, S.Y., & Turk, A. A. (1999). Secular versus Christian inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy programs: Impact on depression and spiritual well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 274, 309-318. Hoffman, L. (2004). Cultural constructions of the God image and God concept: Implications for culture, psychology, and religion. In Joint Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion/Religious Research Association, Kansas City, MO. Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Doctoral dissertation), Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Department of Psychology. Kağan, S. (2006). Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiye Dayalı Mükemmeliyetçilik Eğitiminin Sporcuların Mükemmeliyetçilik, Başarı Güdüsü Ve Başarısızlık Korkusuna Etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara. Kağan, M. (2009). Determining the variables which explain the behavior of academic procrastination in university students. Ankara University J. Fac. Educ. Sci., 42(2): 113-128. Kağan, M. (2010). Akılcı Duygusal Davranışsal Yaklaşıma Dayalı Akademik Erteleme Davranışını Önleme Programının Etkililiğinin Değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. Kagan, M. (2011). Frost Çok Boyutlu Mükemmelliyetçilik Ölçeginin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri/Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(3), 192. Kandemir, Çakır, Özbay, Palancı ve Çalışkan, (2009). Öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin, mükemmeliyet.i kişilik özellikleri, başarı amaç oryantasyonu, akademik erteleme davranışları, akademik benlik saygısı ve başarısızlık korkusu ile yordanması. X. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, 21- 22-23 Ekim, Adana. Kasapoğlu, F. (2017).Terapötik Süreçte Maneviyatın Değerlendirilmesi. H. 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Başarısızlık Korkusu ve Akademik Erteleme Üzerine Manevi Yönelimli Bilişsel Davranışçı Grupla Psikolojik Danışma Çalışması

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 219 - 235, 15.10.2019

Abstract

Bu araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin başarısızlık korkularını ve akademik erteleme düzeylerini azaltmak için geliştirilen manevi yönelimli bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımı temel alan 8 oturumluk grupla psikolojik danışmanlık çalışmasının etkinliğini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın örneklem grubunda 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında İstanbul İli Üsküdar İlçesindeki bir İmam Hatip Lisesi’nde 11.sınıfa devam eden 10 deney 10 kontrol olmak üzere toplam 20 kız öğrenci yer almaktadır. Deney ve kontrol grubuna ön test ve son test olarak Frost Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği’nin Hata yapma Endişesi alt boyutu ve Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Manevi Yönelimli Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikolojik Danışma çalışması 8 hafta boyunca 90 dakikalık oturumlar şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Deney ve kontrol grubunun ön-test ve son-test puanları arasında bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla Non-parametrik Mann-Whitney U testi yapılmıştır. Deney grubunun başarısızlık korkusu ve akademik erteleme ön-test ve son-test puanları ile kontrol grubunun başarısızlık korkusu ve akademik erteleme ön-test ve son-test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığını test etmek amacıyla Non-parametrik Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralama testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Manevi Yönelimli Bilişsel Davranışçı Grupla Psikolojik Danışmanlık Çalışmasının başarısızlık korkusu ve akademik erteleme üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuş, sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Akuchekian, S., Jamshidian, Z., Maracy, M. R., Almasi, A., & Jazi, A. H. D. (2011). Effectiveness of Religious Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Religious Oriented Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and its Co-morbidity. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 28(114). Arpin-Cribbie, C., Irvine, J., & Ritvo, P. (2012). Web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for perfectionism: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy Research, 22(2), 194-207 Azhar, M. Z., Varma, S. L., & Dhorap, A. S. (1994). Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 1–3. Azhar, M. Z., & Varma, S. L. (2000). Mental Illness and Its Treatment in Malaysia. In I. Al-Issa (Ed.), Al-Junūn: Mental illness in the Islamic world (pp. 163-186). Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc. Balkıs, M. (2006). Öğretmen Adaylarının Davranıslarındaki Erteleme Eğiliminin, Karar Verme Tarzları Ile Iliskisi. (Yayınlanmamıs Doktora Tezi). İzmir: Dokuz Eylül .niversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Balkıs, M. ve Duru, E. (2010). Akademik Erteleme Eğilimi, Akademik Başarı İlişkisinde Genel ve Performans Benlik Saygısının Rolü, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 159-170. Barrera, T. L., Zeno, D., Bush, A. L., Barber, C. R., Stanley, M. A. (2012). Integrating religion and spirituality into treatment for late-life anxiety: Three case studies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 346–358. Berber Çelik, Ç., ve Odacı, H. (2015). Akademik erteleme davranışının bazı kişisel ve psikolojik değişkenlere göre açıklanması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (HU Journal of Education), 30(3), 31-47. Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23, 207-217. Breitbart, W. (2002). Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: spirituality-and meaning centered group psychotherapy interventions in advanced cancer. Supportive care in cancer, 10(4), 272-280. Bristow‐Braitman, A. (1995). Addiction Recovery: 12‐Step Programs and Cognitive‐Behavioral Psychology. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(4), 414-418. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Deneysel Desenler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Caraway, K., Tucker, C. M., Reinke, W. M., & Hall, C. (2003). Self‐efficacy, goal orientation, and fear f failure as predictors of school engagement in high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 40(4), 417-427. Chow, H. P. H. (2011). Procrastination among undergraduate students: Effects of emotional intelligence, school life, self-evaluation, and self- efficacy. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(2), 234-240. Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., Deblinger, E., & Berliner, L. (2009). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents. In E. B. Foa, T. M. Keane, M. J. Friedman, & J. A. Cohen (Ed.) Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (s. 223–244). New York, NY: Guilford. Cole, B., & Pargament, K. I. (1999). Re-creating your life: A spiritual: Psychotherapeutic intervention for people diagnosed wıth cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 8, 395–407. Conroy, D. E., Kaye, M. P., & Fifer, A. M. (2007). Cognitive links between fear of failure and perfectionism. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25(4), 237-253. Conroy, D. E., Poczwardowski, A., & Henschen, K. P. (2001). Evaluative criteria and consequences associated with failure and success for elite athletes and performing artists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 300 322. Cüceloğlu, D. (2019). İnsan ve davranışı (37. bs). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi Çakıcı, D. Ç. (2003). Lise ve Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Genel Erteleme Ve Akademik Erteleme Davranışının İncelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Ebrahimi, A., Neshatdoost, H. T., Mousavi, S. G., Asadollahi, G. A., & Nasiri, H. (2013). Controlled randomized clinical trial of spirituality integrated psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and medication intervention on depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with dysthymic disorder. Advanced biomedical research, 2. Ellis, A.E & Harper, R.A. (1975). A New Guide to Raitonal Living. Hollywood: Willshire. Elkins, D. N. (2005). A Humanistic Approach to Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy. In L.E. Sperry & E.P. Shafranske (Eds.), Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy (pp.131-151). Washington, DC: APA Fatimah, O., Lukman, Z.M., Khairudin, R., Shahrazad W. S. & Halim, W, F. (2011). Procrastination’s Relation with Fear of Failure, Competence Expectancy and Intrinsic Motivation. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 19 (S): 123 – 127 Ferrari, J. R., Jonhson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment. New York: Plenum. Flett, G.L., Stainton, M. Hewitt, P.L., Sherry, S.B., & Lay, C. (2012). Procrastination automatic thoughts as a personality construct: An analysis of the procrastinatory cognitions ınventory. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 223-236. Haghbin, M., McCaffrey, A., & Pychyl, T. A. (2012). The complexity of the relation between fear of failure and procrastination. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 249-263. Handley, A. K., Egan, S. J., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2015). A randomised controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 68, 37-47. Harris, E. S. (2000). God, Buber and the practice of gestalt therapy. Gestalt Journal, 23(1), 39-62. Hawkins, R.S., Tan, S.Y., & Turk, A. A. (1999). Secular versus Christian inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy programs: Impact on depression and spiritual well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 274, 309-318. Hoffman, L. (2004). Cultural constructions of the God image and God concept: Implications for culture, psychology, and religion. In Joint Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion/Religious Research Association, Kansas City, MO. Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Doctoral dissertation), Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Department of Psychology. Kağan, S. (2006). Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiye Dayalı Mükemmeliyetçilik Eğitiminin Sporcuların Mükemmeliyetçilik, Başarı Güdüsü Ve Başarısızlık Korkusuna Etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara. Kağan, M. (2009). Determining the variables which explain the behavior of academic procrastination in university students. Ankara University J. Fac. Educ. Sci., 42(2): 113-128. Kağan, M. (2010). Akılcı Duygusal Davranışsal Yaklaşıma Dayalı Akademik Erteleme Davranışını Önleme Programının Etkililiğinin Değerlendirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. Kagan, M. (2011). Frost Çok Boyutlu Mükemmelliyetçilik Ölçeginin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri/Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(3), 192. Kandemir, Çakır, Özbay, Palancı ve Çalışkan, (2009). Öğrencilerin kaygı düzeylerinin, mükemmeliyet.i kişilik özellikleri, başarı amaç oryantasyonu, akademik erteleme davranışları, akademik benlik saygısı ve başarısızlık korkusu ile yordanması. X. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, 21- 22-23 Ekim, Adana. Kasapoğlu, F. (2017).Terapötik Süreçte Maneviyatın Değerlendirilmesi. H. 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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Serra Ağırakça-dinç 0000-0001-6434-3166

Halil Ekşi This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2019
Submission Date July 9, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ağırakça-dinç, S., & Ekşi, H. (2019). A Psychological Counseling Study on Fear of Failure and Academic Procrastination with a Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Behavioral Group. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 4(3), 219-235.