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Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the European Union (EU): A Scale Development Study and Perceptions Levels

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 213 - 230, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.87.9.4

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a scale to determine teacher candidates’ perceptions of the European Union (EU). A descriptive survey method was used in the study, and the study group consisted of 908 teacher candidates attending the Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Education in the fall semester of 2021-2022 academic year. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The Perception Scale of the European Union comprised 20 items and three factors: anxiety, contribution, and culture was employed as the main research tool. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for the said scale as .746, which indicated scale reliability. Data were analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation techniques. Additionally, t-test and ANOVA were performed to identify the differences between samples. The study results showed that the teacher candidates' anxiety levels for the European Union were high, and their perceptions of the “contribution” and “culture” factors were moderate. The analysis of perceptions of the EU and political literacy skills of the participants revealed a significant difference in the “contribution” factor but no significant difference in the “anxiety” and “culture” factors. According to the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of the EU and their cultural literacy skills, there was a significant difference in the “culture” factor but no significant difference appeared in the “anxiety” and “contribution” factors.

References

  • Alkan, M. N. (2013). University students' perception of the European Union in Turkey. Ankara: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.
  • Akdemir, E. (2017). Anadolu üniversitesi iktisat fakültesi uluslararası ilişkiler bölümü öğrencilerinin Avrupa birliği algısı [Anadolu university faculty of economics international relations department students' perception of the European union]. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 3(1), 9-38.
  • Akdemir, E. (2018). European union perception of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s people. Journal of Balkan Research Institute, 7(1), 1-30.
  • Aksoy, B., & Koç, H. (2012). The Perception of the European union in the mind map of students having education in Turkey. Journal of National Education, 42(196), 107-123.
  • Aktaş, M. & Öztekin, S. (2017, 23-30 Nisan). European union’s migration policies. Third Sarajevo International Conference, Sarajevo: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Conference Proceedıngs Book, 3(4), 203-217.
  • Altunay, E. & Tonbul, Y. (2013). The Adaptation of the European union identity scale into Turkish. Academic Sight International Refereed Online Journal, 36, 1-20.
  • Armaoğlu, F. (2010). 20. Yüzyıl siyasi tarihi [20th century political history]. İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
  • Balcı, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research in social science: methods, techniques and principles]. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Baldwin, R. E. (1995). The eastern enlargement of the European union. European Economic Review, 39(3-4), 474-481.
  • Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., Greene, S. & Huckfeldt, R. (2002). The Social calculus of voting: interpersonal, media and organizational influences on presidential choices. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 57–73.
  • Bozkurt, E. (2018). In the light of recent developments perception of European union in Turkey. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences University of Ataturk, 32(2), 267-288.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabi [Data analysis handbook for social sciences]. Ankara: PegemA Press.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th Edition). London: Routledge Falmer.
  • Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1982). Reliability and validity assessment. 5th printing. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Desmet, P., Van Spanje, J., & de Vreese, C. (2015). Discussing the democratic deficit: effects of media and interpersonal communication on satisfaction with democracy in the European union. International Journal of Communication, 9.3177-3198.
  • Dikmenli, Y., & Altay, O. (2021). Analysis of teachers’ views towards European union. Journal of Education, Theory and Practical Research, 7(1), 87-97.
  • Dominguez, K. M. (2006). The European central bank, the euro, and global financial markets. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(4), 67-88.
  • Efe, H., & Kemahlı Garipoğlu, F. (2016). Erzincan üniversitesi öğrencilerinin avrupa birliği algısı [European union perception of Erzincan university students]. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Efe, H., Kemahlı Garipoğlu, F., Kızıl, M. & Bibar, D. (2021). Perception of Kafkas university students about the European union. International Journal Of Social Sciences Academy, (5), 382-407. DOI: 10.47994/usbad.831173.
  • Erhan, Ç. & Akdemir, E. (2016). An account of the first ten years of the Turkey-European union negotiations, (2005-2015). Bilig, (78), 7-35.
  • Erhan, Ç., Genç, Ö. & Dağcı Sakarya, Z. (2011) Siyasî partilerin Avrupa birliği’ne bakışı [Views of political parties on the European union]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Eroğlu, A. (2008). Faktör analizi [Factor analyses]. In: Kalaycı, Ş. (ed), Spss uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri [Statistics techniques with multi variable in spss applications], Ankara: Asil Publishers, 321-331.
  • Esser, F. & Strömback, J. (2014). Mediatization of politics: understanding the transformation of western democracies. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • European Commission (2011). History of the European union 1945-59 (2022, January 30) from (https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history/1945-1959_en).
  • Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using spss for windows. London: Thousand Oaks- New Delhi: Sage Pub. Fontaine, P. (1992). Europe in ten lessons. Office for Official Publications of the European Conununities, Luxembourg.
  • Frennhoff Larsén, M., & Khorana, S. (2020). Negotiating Brexit: A clash of approaches? Comparative European Politics, 18(5), 858-877.
  • Gateva, E. (2015). European union enlargement conditionality. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Springer.
  • Göral, E., Özdemir, L., Yurtkoru, E. S., & Dartan, M. (2014). The perceptıon of unıversıty students towards the European unıon: an evaluation of surveys conducted in 2004 and 2014 at the Marmara University. İstanbul: Marmara University European Union Institute Publications.
  • Göral, E., Dartan, M., & Yurtkoru, E. S. (2021). A Survey on the perception of Turkey-Eu relations among academics at Marmara university. Marmara University European Community Institute Journal of European Studies, 29(1), 87-115.
  • Gravetter, F., & Forzano, L. (2012). Selecting research participants. Res. Methods Behav. Sci, 125-139.
  • Jain, R. K., & Pandey, S. (2010). The European union in the eyes of India. Asia Europe Journal, 8(2), 193-209.
  • Jović, D. (2018). Accession to the European union and perception of external actors in the Western Balkans. Croatian International Relations Review, 24(83), 6-32
  • Karakuzu, T., Aktoprak, S., Erk, Ç. & Limon, İ. (2015). A Comparative study on the European union perception among vocational school students: The Case of Trakya university Uzunköprü vocational school. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 5(5),155-163.
  • Karakuzu, T. & Limon, İ. (2017). An Empirical study on changes in EU perception. Academic Perspective Journali, 61, 912-925.
  • Kerameus, K. D. (1997). Symposium: civil procedure reform in comparative context political integration and procedural convergence in the European union. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 45(4), 919–930.
  • Laursen, F. (1991). EFTA countries as actors in European integration: the emergence of the European Economic Area (EEA). International Review of Administrative Sciences, 57(4), 543-555.
  • Laursen, F. (2016). The founding treaties of the European union and their reform. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Nas, Ç. (2001). Turkish identity and the perception of Europe. Marmara University European Community Institute Journal of European Studies, 9(1), 177-189.
  • Nelson, B. & Stubb, A. (1998), The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of The European Integration. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Özer, M. A. (2009). Turkey on the threshold of full membership to the European union. Journal of Management and Economics, 16 (1), 89-105.
  • Rumford, C. (2001). Human rights and democratization in Turkey in the context of EU candidature. Journal of European Area Studies, 9(1), 93-105.
  • Russell, D. W. (2002). In search of underlying dimensions: the use (and abuse) of factor analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1629–1646.
  • Scherer, R. F., Wiebe F. A., Luther, D. C. & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire, Psychological Reports 62(3), 763-770.
  • Tatlidil, H. (2002). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz [Applied multivariate statistical analysis]. Ankara: Akademi Matbaası.
  • Tonus, Ö. (2015 Are Perceptions of the EU in Eskişehir different from nationwide public opinion? Ankara Journal of European Studies, 14(2), 49-83.
  • Yazgan, H., & Aktaş, A. (2012). Public opinion in Turkey-European union relations: The Case of Çankırı. Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 2(2), 1-23.
Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 213 - 230, 01.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.87.9.4

Abstract

References

  • Alkan, M. N. (2013). University students' perception of the European Union in Turkey. Ankara: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.
  • Akdemir, E. (2017). Anadolu üniversitesi iktisat fakültesi uluslararası ilişkiler bölümü öğrencilerinin Avrupa birliği algısı [Anadolu university faculty of economics international relations department students' perception of the European union]. Journal of Open Education Applications and Research, 3(1), 9-38.
  • Akdemir, E. (2018). European union perception of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s people. Journal of Balkan Research Institute, 7(1), 1-30.
  • Aksoy, B., & Koç, H. (2012). The Perception of the European union in the mind map of students having education in Turkey. Journal of National Education, 42(196), 107-123.
  • Aktaş, M. & Öztekin, S. (2017, 23-30 Nisan). European union’s migration policies. Third Sarajevo International Conference, Sarajevo: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Conference Proceedıngs Book, 3(4), 203-217.
  • Altunay, E. & Tonbul, Y. (2013). The Adaptation of the European union identity scale into Turkish. Academic Sight International Refereed Online Journal, 36, 1-20.
  • Armaoğlu, F. (2010). 20. Yüzyıl siyasi tarihi [20th century political history]. İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
  • Balcı, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research in social science: methods, techniques and principles]. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Baldwin, R. E. (1995). The eastern enlargement of the European union. European Economic Review, 39(3-4), 474-481.
  • Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., Greene, S. & Huckfeldt, R. (2002). The Social calculus of voting: interpersonal, media and organizational influences on presidential choices. American Political Science Review, 96(1), 57–73.
  • Bozkurt, E. (2018). In the light of recent developments perception of European union in Turkey. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences University of Ataturk, 32(2), 267-288.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabi [Data analysis handbook for social sciences]. Ankara: PegemA Press.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison K. (2000). Research methods in education (5th Edition). London: Routledge Falmer.
  • Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1982). Reliability and validity assessment. 5th printing. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Desmet, P., Van Spanje, J., & de Vreese, C. (2015). Discussing the democratic deficit: effects of media and interpersonal communication on satisfaction with democracy in the European union. International Journal of Communication, 9.3177-3198.
  • Dikmenli, Y., & Altay, O. (2021). Analysis of teachers’ views towards European union. Journal of Education, Theory and Practical Research, 7(1), 87-97.
  • Dominguez, K. M. (2006). The European central bank, the euro, and global financial markets. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(4), 67-88.
  • Efe, H., & Kemahlı Garipoğlu, F. (2016). Erzincan üniversitesi öğrencilerinin avrupa birliği algısı [European union perception of Erzincan university students]. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Efe, H., Kemahlı Garipoğlu, F., Kızıl, M. & Bibar, D. (2021). Perception of Kafkas university students about the European union. International Journal Of Social Sciences Academy, (5), 382-407. DOI: 10.47994/usbad.831173.
  • Erhan, Ç. & Akdemir, E. (2016). An account of the first ten years of the Turkey-European union negotiations, (2005-2015). Bilig, (78), 7-35.
  • Erhan, Ç., Genç, Ö. & Dağcı Sakarya, Z. (2011) Siyasî partilerin Avrupa birliği’ne bakışı [Views of political parties on the European union]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Eroğlu, A. (2008). Faktör analizi [Factor analyses]. In: Kalaycı, Ş. (ed), Spss uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri [Statistics techniques with multi variable in spss applications], Ankara: Asil Publishers, 321-331.
  • Esser, F. & Strömback, J. (2014). Mediatization of politics: understanding the transformation of western democracies. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • European Commission (2011). History of the European union 1945-59 (2022, January 30) from (https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/history/1945-1959_en).
  • Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using spss for windows. London: Thousand Oaks- New Delhi: Sage Pub. Fontaine, P. (1992). Europe in ten lessons. Office for Official Publications of the European Conununities, Luxembourg.
  • Frennhoff Larsén, M., & Khorana, S. (2020). Negotiating Brexit: A clash of approaches? Comparative European Politics, 18(5), 858-877.
  • Gateva, E. (2015). European union enlargement conditionality. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Springer.
  • Göral, E., Özdemir, L., Yurtkoru, E. S., & Dartan, M. (2014). The perceptıon of unıversıty students towards the European unıon: an evaluation of surveys conducted in 2004 and 2014 at the Marmara University. İstanbul: Marmara University European Union Institute Publications.
  • Göral, E., Dartan, M., & Yurtkoru, E. S. (2021). A Survey on the perception of Turkey-Eu relations among academics at Marmara university. Marmara University European Community Institute Journal of European Studies, 29(1), 87-115.
  • Gravetter, F., & Forzano, L. (2012). Selecting research participants. Res. Methods Behav. Sci, 125-139.
  • Jain, R. K., & Pandey, S. (2010). The European union in the eyes of India. Asia Europe Journal, 8(2), 193-209.
  • Jović, D. (2018). Accession to the European union and perception of external actors in the Western Balkans. Croatian International Relations Review, 24(83), 6-32
  • Karakuzu, T., Aktoprak, S., Erk, Ç. & Limon, İ. (2015). A Comparative study on the European union perception among vocational school students: The Case of Trakya university Uzunköprü vocational school. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 5(5),155-163.
  • Karakuzu, T. & Limon, İ. (2017). An Empirical study on changes in EU perception. Academic Perspective Journali, 61, 912-925.
  • Kerameus, K. D. (1997). Symposium: civil procedure reform in comparative context political integration and procedural convergence in the European union. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 45(4), 919–930.
  • Laursen, F. (1991). EFTA countries as actors in European integration: the emergence of the European Economic Area (EEA). International Review of Administrative Sciences, 57(4), 543-555.
  • Laursen, F. (2016). The founding treaties of the European union and their reform. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Nas, Ç. (2001). Turkish identity and the perception of Europe. Marmara University European Community Institute Journal of European Studies, 9(1), 177-189.
  • Nelson, B. & Stubb, A. (1998), The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of The European Integration. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Özer, M. A. (2009). Turkey on the threshold of full membership to the European union. Journal of Management and Economics, 16 (1), 89-105.
  • Rumford, C. (2001). Human rights and democratization in Turkey in the context of EU candidature. Journal of European Area Studies, 9(1), 93-105.
  • Russell, D. W. (2002). In search of underlying dimensions: the use (and abuse) of factor analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1629–1646.
  • Scherer, R. F., Wiebe F. A., Luther, D. C. & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire, Psychological Reports 62(3), 763-770.
  • Tatlidil, H. (2002). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz [Applied multivariate statistical analysis]. Ankara: Akademi Matbaası.
  • Tonus, Ö. (2015 Are Perceptions of the EU in Eskişehir different from nationwide public opinion? Ankara Journal of European Studies, 14(2), 49-83.
  • Yazgan, H., & Aktaş, A. (2012). Public opinion in Turkey-European union relations: The Case of Çankırı. Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 2(2), 1-23.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yurdal Dikmenli 0000-0003-3738-3095

Publication Date July 1, 2022
Acceptance Date March 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Dikmenli, Y. (2022). Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the European Union (EU): A Scale Development Study and Perceptions Levels. Participatory Educational Research, 9(4), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.87.9.4