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CUTE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM UP PROTOCOLS ON 1- REPETITION MAXIMUM SQUAT PERFORMANCE

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 192 - 205, 14.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.401041

Abstract











In this study, the aim was to define maximal squat
repetition performance (1-RM) of different warm up protocols. The sample group
of this study consists of 9 males (age: 25 ± 4.1 years, stature: 173.22 ± 8.46
cm, body mass: 75 ± 8.37 kg) who were doing regular fitness for at least 3
years. This group performed 4 different warm up protocols on non-consecutive
days. Warm up protocols were determined as follows: light jogging for only 5
minutes, light jogging and static warm up for 5 minutes, light jogging and
dynamic warm up for 5 minutes, light jogging for 5 minutes and proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation. "Repeated Measures Anova" test was used
to determine the effect of different warm up protocols on 1-RM of the study
data, and "Bonferroni" analysis of multiple comparison tests was used
to determine which warm up protocol was favored for the performance. As a
result of this study, participants' 1 maximal squat performance was found to be
statistically different between NW (120.56 kg), PNF (112.78kg), SW (106.67kg), DW
(122.22kg) respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, 1-RM squat performance
values were observed highest after dynamic warm up. Dynamic warm up protocols
are recommended to trainers and sportsmen in order to get more performance
before the squat movement.

References

  • 1. Alter MJ. Sports stretch. Human Kinetics, 2014.
  • 2. Bishop DJ. Warm up I: potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(6): 439-454.
  • 3. Neiva HP, Marques MC, Barbosa TM, Izquierdo M, & Marinho DA. Warm-up and performance in competitive SIimming. Sports Medicine, 2014; 44(3): 319-330.
  • 4. Febbraio MA, Carey MF, Snow RJ, Stathis CG, Hargreaves M. Influence of elevated muscle temperature on metabolism during intense, dynamic exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1996; 271(5): 1251-1255.
  • 5. Bishop DJ. Warm up II - Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(7): 483-498.
  • 6. McGowan CJ, Pyne DB, Thompson KG, & Rattray B. Evaluating Warm-Up Strategies for Elite Sprint Breaststroke SIimming Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016; 11(7): 975-978.
  • 7. Young WB, Behm DG. Used During a Warm-Up for Strength and Power Activities? National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2002; 24(6): 33-37.
  • 8. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F, Carroll M, Young W. An acute bout of static stretching: Effects on force and jumping performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2004; 36(8): 1389-1396.
  • 9. Chaouachi A, Castagna C, Chtara M, Brughelli M, Turki O, Galy O, Chamari K, Behm, DG. Effect of warm-ups involving static or dynamic stretching on agility, sprinting, and jumping performance in trained individuals. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010; 24(8): 2001-2011.
  • 10. Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Weir JP, Beck TW, & Coburn JW. An acute bout of static stretching does not affect maximal eccentric ısokinetic peak torque, the joint angle at peak torque, mean power, electromyography, or mechanomyography. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2007; 37(3): 130-139.
  • 11. Jason WR, Barry WS. Varying Amounts of Acute Static Stretching andits effect on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 781-786.
  • 12. Winchester JB, Nelson AG, Landin D, Young MA, Schexnayder IC. Static stretching ımpairs sprint performance in collegiate track and field athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(1): 13-19.
  • 13. Ogura Y, Miyahara Y, Naito H, Katamoto S, Aoki J. Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2007; 21(3): 788-792.
  • 14. Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, McFarland J, Bloom JM, Magnatta J, Ratamess NA, Hoffman JR. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on anaerobic performance in teenage athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2006; 18(1): 64-75.
  • 15. Alikhajeh Y, Rahimi NM, Fazeli H, Rahimi RM. Differential stretching protocols during warm up on select performance measures for elite male soccer players. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012; 46: 1639-1643.
  • 16. Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, Hoorens K. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2005; 19(2): 376-381.
  • 17. Febbraio MA, Carey MF, Snow RJ, Stathis CG, Hargreaves M. Influence of elevated muscle temperature on metabolism during intense, dynamic exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1996; 271(5): R1251-R1255.
  • 18. Gelen E, Meriç B, Yıldız S. Farklı ısınma protokollerinin sürat performansına akut etkisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 2(1): 19-25.
  • 19. Herda TJ, Cramer JT, Ryan ED, McHugh MP, Stout JR. Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 809-817.
  • 20. Tillin N, Bishop D. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 2009; 39(2): 147-166.
  • 21. Hodgson M, Docherty D, Robbins D. Post-activation potentiation: Underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35 (7): 585-595.
  • 22. Sale DG. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantarflexors. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 2002; 30(3): 138-143.
  • 23. Hindle K, Whitcomb T, Briggs W, & Hong J. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): Its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2012; 31(1): 105-113.
  • 24. Feland JB, Myrer JW, Merrill RM. Acute changes in hamstring flexibility: PNF versus static stretch in senior athletes. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2001; 2(4): 186-193.
  • 25. Sozbir K, Willems ME, Tiryaki-Sonmez, G, Ragauska P. Acute effects of contract-relax PNF and static stretching on flexibility , jump performance and EMG activities : A case study. Biology of Exercise, 2016; 12(1): 33-55.
  • 26. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1982; 14(5): 377-381.
  • 27. AS Jackson and ML Pollock. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 1978; 40(3): 497-504.
  • 28. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001; 37(1), 153-156.
  • 29. Baechle T, and Earle R. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000.
  • 30. Adler SS, Beckers D, Buck M. PNF in practice: an illustrated guide. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
  • 31. American College and Sport Medicine, Thompson WR, et al. Musculoskeletal exercise prescription. Chapter 29. In: ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

  • 32. Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, Hoorens K. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. J Strength Cond Res 2005;19(2): 376-381.
  • 33. Mann DP, Jones MT. Guidelines to the implementation of a dynamic stretching program. Strength Cond J 1999;21(6):53-55. 

  • 34. Jordan JB, Korgaokar AD, Farley RS.Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on agility performance in elite youth soccer players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 2012; 5(2): 97-105.
  • 35. Franco BL, Signorelli GR, Trajano GS, Costa PB, de Oliveira, CG. Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the Wingate test performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2012; 11(1): 1-7.
  • 36. Kirmizigil B, Ozcaldiran B, & Colakoglu M. Effects of three different stretching techniques on vertical jumping performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2014; 28(5): 1263-1271.
  • 37. Marek S, Cramer J, Fincher L, Massey L, Dangelmaie S, Purkayastha S, Kristi AF, Culbertson J. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. Journal of Athletic Training, 2005; 40(2): 94-103.
  • 38. Sharman MJ, Cressiell AG, Riek S. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching : mechanisms and clinical implications. Sports Medicine, 2006; 36(11): 929-939.
  • 39. Akyüz Ö. Futbolcularda farklı germe egzersizleri ile temel motorik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(2): 1255-1262.
  • 40. Paradisis GP, Pappas PT, Theodorou AS, Zacharogiannis EG, Skordilis EK, Smirniotou AS. Effects of static and dynamic stretching on sprint and jump performance in boys and girls. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2014; 28(1), 154-160.
  • 41. Little Thomas, Williams Alun G. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2006; 20(1): 203-207.
  • 42. Haghshenas R, Beydokhti İT, Avandi SM. Acute effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on vertical jump performance in volleyball players. International Journal of Sport Studies, 2014; 4(8): 907-913.
  • 43. Andrejić O, Tošić S & Knežević O. Acute effects of low and high volume stretching on fitness performance in young basketball players. Serbian journal of sports sciences, 2012; 6(1): 11-16.

FARKLI ISINMA PROTOKOLLERİNİN 1-MAKSİMUM TEKRAR SKUAT PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE AKUT ETKİSİ

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 192 - 205, 14.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.401041

Abstract











Bu
çalışmada farklı ısınma protokollerinin 1-maksimal tekrar skuat performansına
(1-MT) etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu en az 3
yıl düzenli fitness sporu yapan 9 erkek (yaş: 25 ± 4,1 yıl, boy: 173,22 ± 8,46
cm, vücut ağırlığı: 75 ± 8,37 kg) oluşturdu. Katılımcılar birbirini izlemeyen
günlerde 4 farklı ısınma protokolü uyguladılar. Isınma protokolleri olarak “5
dakika hafif tempo koşu (IUE)”, “5 dakika hafif tempo koşu ve statik ısınma (SI)”,
“5 dakika hafif tempo koşu ve dinamik ısınma (DI)”, “5 dakika hafif tempo koşu
ve proprioseptif nöromusküler fasilitasyon ısınma (PNF)” uygulandı. Araştırma
verilerinde farklı ısınma protokollerinin 1-MT üzerine etkisinin
belirlenmesinde “Repeated Measures Anova” testi, performansın hangi ısınma
protokolü lehine olduğunun tespitinde çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden
“Bonferroni” analizi uygulandı. Sonuç olarak katılımcıların 1-MT skuat performansı
sırasıyla IUE (120.56 kg), PNF (112,78 kg), SI (106,67 kg), DI (122,22 kg)
arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılık olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Ayrıca,
gönüllülerin skuat 1-MT performansı değerlerinin en fazla dinamik ısınma
sonrası görüldüğü belirlendi. Antrenör ve sporculara skuat hareketi öncesinde
performanstan daha çok verim alabilmeleri amacıyla dinamik ısınma uygulamaları önerilmektedir. 

References

  • 1. Alter MJ. Sports stretch. Human Kinetics, 2014.
  • 2. Bishop DJ. Warm up I: potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(6): 439-454.
  • 3. Neiva HP, Marques MC, Barbosa TM, Izquierdo M, & Marinho DA. Warm-up and performance in competitive SIimming. Sports Medicine, 2014; 44(3): 319-330.
  • 4. Febbraio MA, Carey MF, Snow RJ, Stathis CG, Hargreaves M. Influence of elevated muscle temperature on metabolism during intense, dynamic exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1996; 271(5): 1251-1255.
  • 5. Bishop DJ. Warm up II - Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(7): 483-498.
  • 6. McGowan CJ, Pyne DB, Thompson KG, & Rattray B. Evaluating Warm-Up Strategies for Elite Sprint Breaststroke SIimming Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2016; 11(7): 975-978.
  • 7. Young WB, Behm DG. Used During a Warm-Up for Strength and Power Activities? National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2002; 24(6): 33-37.
  • 8. Power K, Behm D, Cahill F, Carroll M, Young W. An acute bout of static stretching: Effects on force and jumping performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2004; 36(8): 1389-1396.
  • 9. Chaouachi A, Castagna C, Chtara M, Brughelli M, Turki O, Galy O, Chamari K, Behm, DG. Effect of warm-ups involving static or dynamic stretching on agility, sprinting, and jumping performance in trained individuals. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010; 24(8): 2001-2011.
  • 10. Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Weir JP, Beck TW, & Coburn JW. An acute bout of static stretching does not affect maximal eccentric ısokinetic peak torque, the joint angle at peak torque, mean power, electromyography, or mechanomyography. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2007; 37(3): 130-139.
  • 11. Jason WR, Barry WS. Varying Amounts of Acute Static Stretching andits effect on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 781-786.
  • 12. Winchester JB, Nelson AG, Landin D, Young MA, Schexnayder IC. Static stretching ımpairs sprint performance in collegiate track and field athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(1): 13-19.
  • 13. Ogura Y, Miyahara Y, Naito H, Katamoto S, Aoki J. Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2007; 21(3): 788-792.
  • 14. Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, McFarland J, Bloom JM, Magnatta J, Ratamess NA, Hoffman JR. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on anaerobic performance in teenage athletes. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2006; 18(1): 64-75.
  • 15. Alikhajeh Y, Rahimi NM, Fazeli H, Rahimi RM. Differential stretching protocols during warm up on select performance measures for elite male soccer players. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012; 46: 1639-1643.
  • 16. Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, Hoorens K. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2005; 19(2): 376-381.
  • 17. Febbraio MA, Carey MF, Snow RJ, Stathis CG, Hargreaves M. Influence of elevated muscle temperature on metabolism during intense, dynamic exercise. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1996; 271(5): R1251-R1255.
  • 18. Gelen E, Meriç B, Yıldız S. Farklı ısınma protokollerinin sürat performansına akut etkisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 2(1): 19-25.
  • 19. Herda TJ, Cramer JT, Ryan ED, McHugh MP, Stout JR. Acute effects of static versus dynamic stretching on isometric peak torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography of the biceps femoris muscle. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 809-817.
  • 20. Tillin N, Bishop D. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 2009; 39(2): 147-166.
  • 21. Hodgson M, Docherty D, Robbins D. Post-activation potentiation: Underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35 (7): 585-595.
  • 22. Sale DG. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantarflexors. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 2002; 30(3): 138-143.
  • 23. Hindle K, Whitcomb T, Briggs W, & Hong J. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): Its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2012; 31(1): 105-113.
  • 24. Feland JB, Myrer JW, Merrill RM. Acute changes in hamstring flexibility: PNF versus static stretch in senior athletes. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2001; 2(4): 186-193.
  • 25. Sozbir K, Willems ME, Tiryaki-Sonmez, G, Ragauska P. Acute effects of contract-relax PNF and static stretching on flexibility , jump performance and EMG activities : A case study. Biology of Exercise, 2016; 12(1): 33-55.
  • 26. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1982; 14(5): 377-381.
  • 27. AS Jackson and ML Pollock. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. British Journal of Nutrition, 1978; 40(3): 497-504.
  • 28. Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001; 37(1), 153-156.
  • 29. Baechle T, and Earle R. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000.
  • 30. Adler SS, Beckers D, Buck M. PNF in practice: an illustrated guide. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
  • 31. American College and Sport Medicine, Thompson WR, et al. Musculoskeletal exercise prescription. Chapter 29. In: ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.

  • 32. Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, Hoorens K. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. J Strength Cond Res 2005;19(2): 376-381.
  • 33. Mann DP, Jones MT. Guidelines to the implementation of a dynamic stretching program. Strength Cond J 1999;21(6):53-55. 

  • 34. Jordan JB, Korgaokar AD, Farley RS.Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on agility performance in elite youth soccer players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 2012; 5(2): 97-105.
  • 35. Franco BL, Signorelli GR, Trajano GS, Costa PB, de Oliveira, CG. Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the Wingate test performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2012; 11(1): 1-7.
  • 36. Kirmizigil B, Ozcaldiran B, & Colakoglu M. Effects of three different stretching techniques on vertical jumping performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2014; 28(5): 1263-1271.
  • 37. Marek S, Cramer J, Fincher L, Massey L, Dangelmaie S, Purkayastha S, Kristi AF, Culbertson J. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. Journal of Athletic Training, 2005; 40(2): 94-103.
  • 38. Sharman MJ, Cressiell AG, Riek S. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching : mechanisms and clinical implications. Sports Medicine, 2006; 36(11): 929-939.
  • 39. Akyüz Ö. Futbolcularda farklı germe egzersizleri ile temel motorik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 2017; 14(2): 1255-1262.
  • 40. Paradisis GP, Pappas PT, Theodorou AS, Zacharogiannis EG, Skordilis EK, Smirniotou AS. Effects of static and dynamic stretching on sprint and jump performance in boys and girls. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2014; 28(1), 154-160.
  • 41. Little Thomas, Williams Alun G. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2006; 20(1): 203-207.
  • 42. Haghshenas R, Beydokhti İT, Avandi SM. Acute effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on vertical jump performance in volleyball players. International Journal of Sport Studies, 2014; 4(8): 907-913.
  • 43. Andrejić O, Tošić S & Knežević O. Acute effects of low and high volume stretching on fitness performance in young basketball players. Serbian journal of sports sciences, 2012; 6(1): 11-16.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Muhammed Emin Kafkas

İsmail İlbak

Özgür Eken

FahriSafa Çınarlı This is me

Nurkan Yılmaz

Armağan Şahin Kafkas

Publication Date December 14, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kafkas, M. E., İlbak, İ., Eken, Ö., Çınarlı, F., et al. (2018). FARKLI ISINMA PROTOKOLLERİNİN 1-MAKSİMUM TEKRAR SKUAT PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE AKUT ETKİSİ. Spor Ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 192-205. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.401041