Screen: Subject of all Information Technology Addiction

Zerrin Bölükbaşı Macit; Sami Kavafoğlu

doi:10.19127/mbsjohs.542122

Review

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 293 - 301, 31.12.2019

Zerrin Bölükbaşı Macit Sami Kavafoğlu

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.542122

Cited By: 4

Abstract

References

Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: Correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views. International Journal o f Preventive Medicine, 2012; 5(4): 290-294
Aslan A, Dogan Onay B. Online violence: The Case of “Potinss” as a cyber-bullying. Marmara Journal of Communication, 2017; 27: 95-119.
Back MD, Stopfer JM, Vazire S, Gaddis S, Schmukle SC, Egloff B, Gosling SD. facebook profiles reflect actual personality, not self-ıdealization. Psychological Science, 2010;21(3): 372-374.
Baer S, Saran K, Green DA, Hong I. electronic media use and addiction among youth in psychiatric clinic versus school populations. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;57:12.
Brindova D, Pavelka J, Ševčikova A, Žežula I, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA, Geckova AM. How parents can affect excessive spending of time on screen-based activities. BMC public health,2014; 14(1), 1261.
Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D, Späti J, Bues M, Pross A, Stefani O. Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011; 110(5): 1432-1438.
Ceyhan A. university students’ problematic ınternet use and communication skills according to the ınternet use purposes. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 2011; 11(1):69-77 Cha S, Seo B. Smartphone Use and Smartphone Addiction in Middle School Students In Korea: Prevalence, Social Nerworking Service, And Game Use. Health Psychology, 2018; 1-15.
Cheung IN, Zee PC, Shalman D, Malkani RG, Kang J, Reid KJ. Morning and evening blue-enriched light exposure alters metabolic function in normal weight adults. PloS one, 2016; 11(5): e0155601
Davis RA. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2001;17: 187-195.
Demetrovics Z, Griffiths MD. Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2012;1:2
Dinc M. Internet addiction. Thirth Edition. İstanbul Ye silay Publishing; 2016a. p. 15.
Dinc M. Internet addiction. Thirth Edition. İstanbul Ye silay Publishing; 2016b. p. 21.
Domoff ES, Harrison K, Gearhardt AN, Gentile DA, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Development and validation of the problematic media use measure: a parent report measure of screen media “addiction” in children. psychology of popular media culture. Advance Online Publication, 2017; 8(1), 2–11
Domoff ES, Miller LA, Khalatbari N, Pesch MH, Harrison K, Rosenblum K, Lumen CJ. Maternal beliefs about television and parental mediation in a low-income united states sample. Journal of Children And Media, 2017;11:3, 278-294.
Essig T. The addiction concept and technology: diagnosis, metaphor, or something else? a psychodynamic point of view. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012;68 (11): 1175- 1184. Garris R. Ahlers R, Driskell EJ. Games, Motivation, and Learning: A Research and Practice model, sımulatıon & gamıng, 2002; 33(4): 441-467
Gosling SD, Augustin AA, Vazire S, Holtzman S, Gaddis S. Manifestations of personality in online social networks: self-reported facebook-related behaviors and observable proﬁle ınformation. Cyberpsychology, Behavıor, And Socıal Networkıng, 2011;14 (9):483-488.
Gokler ME, Aydın R, Unal E, Metinta s S. Determining validity and reliability of Turkish version of Fear of Missing out Scale. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 17(Suppl.1):53-59 Gormez V, Orengul AC. Assessment of electronic media use in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017; 18(5):495-502
Gune s F. Thinking based on screen and screen reading of students. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute.2010;7(14):1-20
Griffiths MD. Behavioural addictions: An issue for everybody? Journal of Workplace Learning, 1996;8(3): 19-25.
Griffiths MD, Davies, MNO. Videogame Addiction: Does It Exist? Handbook of Computer Game Studies. J. Goldstein, J. Raessens (Eds), Boston. MIT Pres, 2005;p.359–368.
Hato B. (Compulsive) Mobile Phone Checking Behavior Out of a Fear of Missing Out: Development, Psychometric Properties and Test-Retest Reliability of a C-FoMO-Scale ANR: 610304. Master's Thesis, 2013.
Horzum MB. Examining Computer Game Addiction Level of Primary School Students in Terms of Different Variables Education and Science , 2011; 36(159). https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (Cited 02.04.2018).
http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18660 (Cited 02.04.2018).
Isık U. Effects of internet usage parallel to media system dependency theory and internet dependency, Communication Sciences. Konya: Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute 2009.
İnseloz-Turkileri N, Ucanok Z Virtual Bullying in Adolescents: Causes, Emotions Analysis of Human and Coping Ways. Turikish Psychological Articles, 2013; 16 (32): 20-44.
Kaltiala-Heino R, Lintonen T, Rimpela A. İnternet addiction: potentially problematic use of the internet in a population of 12–18-year-old adolescents. Addiction Research and Theory, 2004;12(1), 89–96.
Karadag E, Tosunta s SB, Erzen E, Duru P, Bostan N, Sahin BM, Culha İ, Babadag B. Chronological Dependence of Virtual World: Sociotelism (Phubbing). Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 2016; 3, 223-269.
Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, Yeun EJ, Choi SY, Seo JS, et al. Internet addiction in Koreanadolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2006; 43 (2), 185 – 192.
Kraut R, Kiesler S, Boneva B, Cummings J, Helgeson V, Crawford A. Internet paradox revisited. Journal of social issues, 2002;58(1), 49- 74.
Kutlu M, Savcı M, Demir Y, Aysan F. Turkish adaptation of Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form:a reliability and validity study on university students and adolescents. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 17(Suppl.1):69-76
Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Online social networking and addictiona review of the psychological literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011; 8:3528-3552.
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ. Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e56936.
Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathologicalgaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 2011; 27 (1), 144 – 152.
Linebarger D, Vaala ES. Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective, Developmental Review, 2010; 30 (2010) 176–202.
Lowry R, Wechsler H, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Kann L. Television viewing and its associations with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and ınsufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among us high school students: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender. Journal of School Health. 2002; 72: 413–421
Madran Demirta s HA, Cakılcı Ferligul E. 2014, The relationship between agression and online video game addiction: a study on massively multiplayer online video game players. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2014; 15:99-107.
Manago AM, Graham MB, Greenfield PM, Salimkhan G. Self-presentation and gender on myspace. Journal Of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2008; 29, 446-458.
Mesch GS. Social relationships and internet use among adolescents in israel. Social Science Quarterly, 2001; 82(2), 329-339.
Michikyan M, Suarez-Orozco C. Adolescent Media and Social Media Use: Implications for Development, Journal of Adolescent Research 2016;31(4) 411–414. Mohac G. The relationship between computer game addiction and obesity among primary school students in the Gazimagusa Region of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Gazimagusa. Eastern Mediterranean University. Graduate Education, Research and Training Institute. 2015.
Ogel K., 2016, Approach and Treatment of Internet Addiction: Where we came from, where are we going? Istanbul: 3rd International Technology Addiction Congress. https://www.youtube.com/ watch? v=0t67 Agz0Cdg (Cited 10.04.2018).
Ozyurt G, Dinsever-Elikucuk CD. Relation of language features with maternal depression, family functioning, and digital technology usage ın children with developmental language delay-comparison with healty controls. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2017; 30, 299-308.
Pagani LS, Fitzpatrick C, Barnett TA, Dubow E. Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(5):425–431.
Portello JK, Rosenfield M, Chu CA. Blink rate, incomplete blinks and computer vision Syndrome. Optometry & Vision Science, 2013; 90(5), 482-487.
Przybylski AK, Murayama K, DeHaan CR. Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of Fear of Missing Out. Comput Human Behav 2013; 29(4):1841-1848.
Reid Chassiakos Y, Radesky J, Christakis D, et al., Aap Councıl On Communıcatıons And Medıa. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5): e20162593
Rideout VJ, Hamel E. The media family: Electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family,2006
Roberts J, Yaya L, Manolis C. The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. Journal of behavioral addictions,2014; 3(4), 254-265.
Savci M, Aysan F. The role of attachment styles, peer relations, and affections in predicting Internet addiction. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2016; 3:401-432. Savci M, Aysan F. Technological addictions and social connectedness: predictor effect of internet addiction, social media addiction, digital game addiction and smartphone addiction on social connectedness. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30:202-216.
Schmidt ME, Rich M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Taveras EM. Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort. Pediatrics. 2009;123(3). Available at: http:// pediatrics. aappublications. org/ content/ 123/ 3/ e370
Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo ST, Lazoritz M, Gold MS, Stein DJ. Problematic internet use: proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety 2003; 17:207-216
Sussman S, Moran BM. Hidden Addiction: Television, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2013; 2(3), 125-132.
Senormancı O, Konkan R, Sungur M. Internet addiction and its cognitive behavioral therapy. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:260-268.
Thompson DA, Christakis DA. The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age. Pediatrics,2005; 116(4), 851- 856.
Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Berkule S, Fierman AH, Brockmeyer C, Mendelsohn AL. Infant media exposure and toddler development. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(12):1105–1111
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Tvedt H. “Internet Use and Related Factors Among Fifth-Graders.” Unpublished Master Thesis, Umeå Universitesi Psychology Department.2007
Vandenbosch L, Eggermont S. The Interrelated Roles of Mass Media and Social Media in Adolescents’ Development of an Objectified Self-Concept: A Longitudinal Study, Communication Research 2016;43(8) 1116–1140.
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Yoo H, Cho S, Ha J, Yune S. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2004; 58(5), 487-494.
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Screen: Subject of all Information Technology Addiction

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 293 - 301, 31.12.2019

Zerrin Bölükbaşı Macit Sami Kavafoğlu

https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.542122

Cited By: 4

Abstract

The
dizzying speed of the change in technology affects the human life in the same
movement. Studies which investigate these effects and the increase in that rate
become slow and insufficient against the speed of the technology. Although it
is not yet considered as an addiction in DSM, it is widely accepted by field
researchers that excessive and uncontrolled use of information technologies can
cause addiction on individuals. The current study which was conducted by the
compilation method includes determining the subtypes of screen addiction as a
very up to date and controversial topic, revealing and classifying the
underlying reasons of these subtypes and screen addiction in general with the
method of compilation. For this purpose, 84 studies which were conducted in
Turkey and abroad were examined. As a result of the examination, screen
addiction was thought to be divided into subtypes such as internet addiction
(gambling, shopping, sexuality, general), media addiction (traditional media,
social media), digital game addiction (online, offline, single-player, multiplayer,
depending on the type), addiction of technological tools (computers,
smartphones, television, tablet, VR and so on.). Consequently, dynamics which
are common in these subtypes and cause addiction alone or in combination are
digital interaction, virtual environment and screen that transport all these
dynamics.

Keywords

Technology, screen, addiction

References

Alavi SS, Ferdosi M, Jannatifard F, Eslami M, Alaghemandan H, Setare M. Behavioral addiction versus substance addiction: Correspondence of psychiatric and psychological views. International Journal o f Preventive Medicine, 2012; 5(4): 290-294
Aslan A, Dogan Onay B. Online violence: The Case of “Potinss” as a cyber-bullying. Marmara Journal of Communication, 2017; 27: 95-119.
Back MD, Stopfer JM, Vazire S, Gaddis S, Schmukle SC, Egloff B, Gosling SD. facebook profiles reflect actual personality, not self-ıdealization. Psychological Science, 2010;21(3): 372-374.
Baer S, Saran K, Green DA, Hong I. electronic media use and addiction among youth in psychiatric clinic versus school populations. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;57:12.
Brindova D, Pavelka J, Ševčikova A, Žežula I, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA, Geckova AM. How parents can affect excessive spending of time on screen-based activities. BMC public health,2014; 14(1), 1261.
Cajochen C, Frey S, Anders D, Späti J, Bues M, Pross A, Stefani O. Evening exposure to a light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screen affects circadian physiology and cognitive performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011; 110(5): 1432-1438.
Ceyhan A. university students’ problematic ınternet use and communication skills according to the ınternet use purposes. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 2011; 11(1):69-77 Cha S, Seo B. Smartphone Use and Smartphone Addiction in Middle School Students In Korea: Prevalence, Social Nerworking Service, And Game Use. Health Psychology, 2018; 1-15.
Cheung IN, Zee PC, Shalman D, Malkani RG, Kang J, Reid KJ. Morning and evening blue-enriched light exposure alters metabolic function in normal weight adults. PloS one, 2016; 11(5): e0155601
Davis RA. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2001;17: 187-195.
Demetrovics Z, Griffiths MD. Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2012;1:2
Dinc M. Internet addiction. Thirth Edition. İstanbul Ye silay Publishing; 2016a. p. 15.
Dinc M. Internet addiction. Thirth Edition. İstanbul Ye silay Publishing; 2016b. p. 21.
Domoff ES, Harrison K, Gearhardt AN, Gentile DA, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Development and validation of the problematic media use measure: a parent report measure of screen media “addiction” in children. psychology of popular media culture. Advance Online Publication, 2017; 8(1), 2–11
Domoff ES, Miller LA, Khalatbari N, Pesch MH, Harrison K, Rosenblum K, Lumen CJ. Maternal beliefs about television and parental mediation in a low-income united states sample. Journal of Children And Media, 2017;11:3, 278-294.
Essig T. The addiction concept and technology: diagnosis, metaphor, or something else? a psychodynamic point of view. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2012;68 (11): 1175- 1184. Garris R. Ahlers R, Driskell EJ. Games, Motivation, and Learning: A Research and Practice model, sımulatıon & gamıng, 2002; 33(4): 441-467
Gosling SD, Augustin AA, Vazire S, Holtzman S, Gaddis S. Manifestations of personality in online social networks: self-reported facebook-related behaviors and observable proﬁle ınformation. Cyberpsychology, Behavıor, And Socıal Networkıng, 2011;14 (9):483-488.
Gokler ME, Aydın R, Unal E, Metinta s S. Determining validity and reliability of Turkish version of Fear of Missing out Scale. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 17(Suppl.1):53-59 Gormez V, Orengul AC. Assessment of electronic media use in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017; 18(5):495-502
Gune s F. Thinking based on screen and screen reading of students. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute.2010;7(14):1-20
Griffiths MD. Behavioural addictions: An issue for everybody? Journal of Workplace Learning, 1996;8(3): 19-25.
Griffiths MD, Davies, MNO. Videogame Addiction: Does It Exist? Handbook of Computer Game Studies. J. Goldstein, J. Raessens (Eds), Boston. MIT Pres, 2005;p.359–368.
Hato B. (Compulsive) Mobile Phone Checking Behavior Out of a Fear of Missing Out: Development, Psychometric Properties and Test-Retest Reliability of a C-FoMO-Scale ANR: 610304. Master's Thesis, 2013.
Horzum MB. Examining Computer Game Addiction Level of Primary School Students in Terms of Different Variables Education and Science , 2011; 36(159). https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm (Cited 02.04.2018).
http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18660 (Cited 02.04.2018).
Isık U. Effects of internet usage parallel to media system dependency theory and internet dependency, Communication Sciences. Konya: Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute 2009.
İnseloz-Turkileri N, Ucanok Z Virtual Bullying in Adolescents: Causes, Emotions Analysis of Human and Coping Ways. Turikish Psychological Articles, 2013; 16 (32): 20-44.
Kaltiala-Heino R, Lintonen T, Rimpela A. İnternet addiction: potentially problematic use of the internet in a population of 12–18-year-old adolescents. Addiction Research and Theory, 2004;12(1), 89–96.
Karadag E, Tosunta s SB, Erzen E, Duru P, Bostan N, Sahin BM, Culha İ, Babadag B. Chronological Dependence of Virtual World: Sociotelism (Phubbing). Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 2016; 3, 223-269.
Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, Yeun EJ, Choi SY, Seo JS, et al. Internet addiction in Koreanadolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2006; 43 (2), 185 – 192.
Kraut R, Kiesler S, Boneva B, Cummings J, Helgeson V, Crawford A. Internet paradox revisited. Journal of social issues, 2002;58(1), 49- 74.
Kutlu M, Savcı M, Demir Y, Aysan F. Turkish adaptation of Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form:a reliability and validity study on university students and adolescents. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 17(Suppl.1):69-76
Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Online social networking and addictiona review of the psychological literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011; 8:3528-3552.
Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, Gu X, Choi JH, Kim DJ. Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e56936.
Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathologicalgaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 2011; 27 (1), 144 – 152.
Linebarger D, Vaala ES. Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective, Developmental Review, 2010; 30 (2010) 176–202.
Lowry R, Wechsler H, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Kann L. Television viewing and its associations with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and ınsufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among us high school students: differences by race, ethnicity, and gender. Journal of School Health. 2002; 72: 413–421
Madran Demirta s HA, Cakılcı Ferligul E. 2014, The relationship between agression and online video game addiction: a study on massively multiplayer online video game players. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2014; 15:99-107.
Manago AM, Graham MB, Greenfield PM, Salimkhan G. Self-presentation and gender on myspace. Journal Of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2008; 29, 446-458.
Mesch GS. Social relationships and internet use among adolescents in israel. Social Science Quarterly, 2001; 82(2), 329-339.
Michikyan M, Suarez-Orozco C. Adolescent Media and Social Media Use: Implications for Development, Journal of Adolescent Research 2016;31(4) 411–414. Mohac G. The relationship between computer game addiction and obesity among primary school students in the Gazimagusa Region of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Gazimagusa. Eastern Mediterranean University. Graduate Education, Research and Training Institute. 2015.
Ogel K., 2016, Approach and Treatment of Internet Addiction: Where we came from, where are we going? Istanbul: 3rd International Technology Addiction Congress. https://www.youtube.com/ watch? v=0t67 Agz0Cdg (Cited 10.04.2018).
Ozyurt G, Dinsever-Elikucuk CD. Relation of language features with maternal depression, family functioning, and digital technology usage ın children with developmental language delay-comparison with healty controls. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2017; 30, 299-308.
Pagani LS, Fitzpatrick C, Barnett TA, Dubow E. Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(5):425–431.
Portello JK, Rosenfield M, Chu CA. Blink rate, incomplete blinks and computer vision Syndrome. Optometry & Vision Science, 2013; 90(5), 482-487.
Przybylski AK, Murayama K, DeHaan CR. Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of Fear of Missing Out. Comput Human Behav 2013; 29(4):1841-1848.
Reid Chassiakos Y, Radesky J, Christakis D, et al., Aap Councıl On Communıcatıons And Medıa. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5): e20162593
Rideout VJ, Hamel E. The media family: Electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family,2006
Roberts J, Yaya L, Manolis C. The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. Journal of behavioral addictions,2014; 3(4), 254-265.
Savci M, Aysan F. The role of attachment styles, peer relations, and affections in predicting Internet addiction. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2016; 3:401-432. Savci M, Aysan F. Technological addictions and social connectedness: predictor effect of internet addiction, social media addiction, digital game addiction and smartphone addiction on social connectedness. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30:202-216.
Schmidt ME, Rich M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Taveras EM. Television viewing in infancy and child cognition at 3 years of age in a US cohort. Pediatrics. 2009;123(3). Available at: http:// pediatrics. aappublications. org/ content/ 123/ 3/ e370
Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo ST, Lazoritz M, Gold MS, Stein DJ. Problematic internet use: proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety 2003; 17:207-216
Sussman S, Moran BM. Hidden Addiction: Television, Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2013; 2(3), 125-132.
Senormancı O, Konkan R, Sungur M. Internet addiction and its cognitive behavioral therapy. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:260-268.
Thompson DA, Christakis DA. The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age. Pediatrics,2005; 116(4), 851- 856.
Tomopoulos S, Dreyer BP, Berkule S, Fierman AH, Brockmeyer C, Mendelsohn AL. Infant media exposure and toddler development. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(12):1105–1111
Topcu C. The relationship of cyber bullying to empathy, gender, traditional bullying, internet use and adult monitoring. Unpublished Master Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.2008.
Tvedt H. “Internet Use and Related Factors Among Fifth-Graders.” Unpublished Master Thesis, Umeå Universitesi Psychology Department.2007
Vandenbosch L, Eggermont S. The Interrelated Roles of Mass Media and Social Media in Adolescents’ Development of an Objectified Self-Concept: A Longitudinal Study, Communication Research 2016;43(8) 1116–1140.
Vandewater E, Shim M, Caplovitz. Linking obesity and activity level with children’s television and video game use. Journal of adolesence. 2004; 27: 71–85.
Vaugeois P. Cyberaddiction: fundamentals and perspectives. Canada: Centre québécois de lutte aux dépendances. 2006
Yalcın C. (2003). The Internet represents the final technologic advance in the context of communication. Journal of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, 2003; 27(1), 77-89
Yalcın Irmak A, Erdogan S. Digital Game Addiction Among Adolescents and Younger Adults: A Current Overview. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry.2016;27(2):128-37
Ya sar Tonta and Mehmet Emin Kucuk, “Main Dynamics of the Transition from Industrial Society to Information Society” In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on “Society, Governance, Management and Leadership Approaches in the Light of the Technological Developments and the Information Age” (İstanbul, May 12-13, 2005). (p. 3-16). Ed. Ali Erdinc. Ankara: The Turkish General Staff Directorate of Military History, Strategic Studies and Inspection Publications, 2005.
Yee N. Motivations for play in online games. Cyberpsychol Behav 2007;(9), 772-775.
Yoo H, Cho S, Ha J, Yune S. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2004; 58(5), 487-494.
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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Review
Authors	Zerrin Bölükbaşı Macit Sami Kavafoğlu
Publication Date	December 31, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 3