Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 27 - 38, 22.03.2023

Sedat Baştuğ

https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1211636
Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

  • Akdamar, E., & Eren, E. (2021) Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki konteyner limanlarının etkinlik ölçümü ve potansiyel iyileştirme önerileri [Efficiency measurement and potential improvement suggestions for container ports in the Marmara Region]. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 150-156.
  • Aynur, A., & Yanginlar, G. (2017). The determination of Turkish container ports performance with TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making method. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 4(2), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.452
  • Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
  • Banker, R. D., Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2004). Returns to scale in different DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 154(2), 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00174-7
  • Baran, J., & Górecka, A. (2015). Seaport efficiency and productivity based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index. Logistics & Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1515/jlst-2015-0008
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
  • Chen, P., Huang, Y., Mou, J., & Van Gelder, P. (2019). Probabilistic risk analysis for ship-ship collision: State-of-the-art. Safety Science, 117, 108-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.014
  • Cheng, J. C. P., Law, K. H., Bjornsson, H., Jones, A., & Sriram, R. D. (2010). Modelling and monitoring of construction supply chains. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 24(4), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Zhu, J. (2011). Data Envelopment Analysis: History, models, and interpretations. In Cooper, W., Seiford, L., & Zhu, J. (Eds.), Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 164. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6151-8_1
  • Coto-Millan, P., Banos-Pino, J., & Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. (2000) Economic efficiency in Spanish ports: Some empirical evidence. Maritime Policy and Management, 27(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/030888300286581
  • Cullinane, K., & Song, D. W. (2003). A stochastic frontier model of the productive efficiency of Korean container terminals. Applied Economics, 35(3), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840210139355
  • Cullinane, K., & Song, D. W. (2006). Estimating the relative efficiency of European ports: a stochastic frontier analysis. Research in Transport Economics, 16(1), 85-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)16005-9
  • Cullinane, K., Wang, T-F., Song, D-W., & Ji, P. (2006) The technical efficiency of container ports: Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 40(4), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2005.07.003
  • Dowd, T. J., & Leschine, T. M. (1990). Container terminal productivity: A perspective. Maritime Policy & Management, 17(2), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839000000060
  • Ellram, L., Tate W., & Billinton, C. (2004). Understanding and managing the services supply chain. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 40(3), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2004.tb00176.x
  • Esmer, S. (2016). Bir Kuşak Bir Yol (One Belt, One Road) Projesi. Retrieved on October 10, 2022 from https://www.denizhaber.net/mobi/author_article_detail.php?id=456
  • Huang, T., Chen, Z., Wang, S., & Jiang, D. (2021). Efficiency evaluation of key ports along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road based on the DEA–SCOR model. Maritime Policy & Management, 48(3), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1773558
  • Hwang, G., Han, S., Jun, S., & Park, J. (2014). Operational performance metrics in manufacturing process: Based on SCOR model and RFID technology. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(1), 50-55.
  • Hwang, Y. D., Lin, Y. C., & Lyu Jr, J. (2008). The performance evaluation of SCOR sourcing process—The case study of Taiwan’s TFT-LCD industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 115(2), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.09.014
  • Jaber, J. J., Beldjilali, F., Shehadeh, A. A., Hamadneh, N. N., Saleh, M., Tahir, M., & Al Wadi, S. (2022). Estimating performance efficiency of mining and extracting sectors using DEA models: The case of Jordan. Complexity, 2022(7), 3688381. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3688381
  • Lee, C. C. (2009). Analysis of overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the medium-sized audit firms. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(8), 11156-11171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.092
  • Li, L., Su, Q., & Chen, X. (2011). Ensuring supply chain quality performance through applying the SCOR model. International Journal of Production Research, 49(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.508934
  • Liu, Z. (1995) The comparative performance of public and private enterprises: The case of British ports. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 29(3), 263-274.
  • Murat, D. (2020). The measurement of innovation performance in OECD countries. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 18(4), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.822303
  • NDRC. (2015). Vison and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21-Century Maritime Silk Road. National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China Beijing: http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/2015-09/15/content_36591064.htm
  • Pan, N. H., Lin, Y. Y., & Pan, N. F. (2010). Enhancing construction project supply chains and performance evaluation methods: A case study of a bridge construction project. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(8), 1094-1106. https://doi.org/10.1139/L10-047
  • Potthast, J. M., Gärtner, H., & Hertrampf, F. (2010). Allocation for manufacturing companies. Electronic Scientific Journal of Logistics, 6(2), 19–24.
  • Roll, Y., & Hayuth, Y. (1993) Port performance comparison applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). Maritime Policy and Management, 20(2), 161-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839300000025
  • Sağlam, B. B., & Abdullah, A. (2020). Clustering Turkish container ports based on physical attributes and efficiency scores. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.803354
  • Sismanyazici, H. (2017). OBOR (One Belt One Road) Deniz İpek Yolu ve Türkiye. Retrieved on October 10, 2022 from https://www.kaptanhaber.com/yazarlar/harun-sismanyazici/obor-one-belt-one-road-deniz-ipek-yolu-ve-turkiye/101049
  • Sundarakani, B., Razzak, A., & Manikandan, S. (2018). Creating a competitive advantage in the global flight catering supply chain: A case study using SCOR model. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 21(5), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2018.1448767
  • Thunberg, M., & Persson, F. (2014). Using the SCOR model’s performance measurements to improve construction logistics. Production Planning & Control: The Management of Operations, 25(13-14), 1065-1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2013.808836
  • Tongzon, J. (2001) Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00049-X
  • Wang, T., Song, D. W., & Cullinane, K. (2003) Container port production efficiency: A comparative study of DEA and FDH approaches. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, 698-713.
  • Wang, Y. L. (2017). Research on diagnostic index system of port supply chain based on SCOR. Revista de la Facultad de Ingenieria, 32(8), 510-519.
  • Wang, Y. L., Du, W. J. (2019). Diagnosis of port supply chain based on supply chain operations reference model. Journal of Coastal Research, 98(Special Issue No. 98), 117-120.
  • Wibowo, M. A., & Sholeh, M. N. (2016). Application of supply chain performance measurement in SCOR model at building project. The 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering Research (ICCER) 2016: Contribution of Civil Engineering toward Building Sustainable City, Surabaya, Indonesia. pp. 60-64.
  • Wu, Y., & Goh, M. (2010) Container port efficiency in emerging and more advanced markets. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(6), 1030–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2010.01.002
  • Yan, J., Sun, X., Liu, J. (2009) Assessing container operator efficiency with heterogeneous and time-varying production frontiers. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 43(1), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2008.06.001
  • Yan, Y. (2019). Effect evaluation and optimization model of logistics supply chain in coastal ports. Journal of Coastal Research, 94(sp1), 763–767. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI94-151.1
  • Yilmaz, Y., & Bititci, U. (2006). Performance measurement in the value chain: Manufacturing v. tourism. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(5), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400610671417
  • Zhou, H., Benton, W. C., Schilling, D. A., & Milliga, G. W. (2011). Supply chain integration and the SCOR model. Journal of Business Logistics, 32(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0000-0000.2011.01029.x

Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 27 - 38, 22.03.2023

Sedat Baştuğ

https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1211636
Cited By: 1

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relative operational efficiency of major Turkish container ports based on the Data Envelopment Analysis - Supply Chain Operations Reference (DEA-SCOR) model. While Turkish export and import figures are growing, the scientifical studies on operational efficiency of Turkish ports are gaining more attention day by day. Of course, one of the important import countries is China for Türkiye and BRI (One Belt and One Road Initiative) tends to support Turkish trade between western and eastern countries. Therefore, Turkish ports’ efficiencies should be identified and suggestions have been presented for further development. The sampling frame was chosen from the members of TURKLIM and therefore, the SCOR and Data Envelopment Methodology examined 23 seaports. Both methodologies are generally used for analyzing the operational efficiency of ship inward-outward and stackings. The findings of the study show that four major ports are the most efficient gateways to handle inward and outward container traffic with their input variables. However, there are some challenges in port investment for BRI. This study should be used for the further analysis in the sector reports and scientific papers.

Keywords

Port Efficiency Maritime BRI Data Envelop Analysis SCOR

References

  • Akdamar, E., & Eren, E. (2021) Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki konteyner limanlarının etkinlik ölçümü ve potansiyel iyileştirme önerileri [Efficiency measurement and potential improvement suggestions for container ports in the Marmara Region]. Ardahan Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 150-156.
  • Aynur, A., & Yanginlar, G. (2017). The determination of Turkish container ports performance with TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making method. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 4(2), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.452
  • Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
  • Banker, R. D., Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., Thrall, R. M., & Zhu, J. (2004). Returns to scale in different DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 154(2), 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00174-7
  • Baran, J., & Górecka, A. (2015). Seaport efficiency and productivity based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index. Logistics & Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1515/jlst-2015-0008
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
  • Chen, P., Huang, Y., Mou, J., & Van Gelder, P. (2019). Probabilistic risk analysis for ship-ship collision: State-of-the-art. Safety Science, 117, 108-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.014
  • Cheng, J. C. P., Law, K. H., Bjornsson, H., Jones, A., & Sriram, R. D. (2010). Modelling and monitoring of construction supply chains. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 24(4), 435–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009
  • Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M., & Zhu, J. (2011). Data Envelopment Analysis: History, models, and interpretations. In Cooper, W., Seiford, L., & Zhu, J. (Eds.), Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 164. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6151-8_1
  • Coto-Millan, P., Banos-Pino, J., & Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. (2000) Economic efficiency in Spanish ports: Some empirical evidence. Maritime Policy and Management, 27(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/030888300286581
  • Cullinane, K., & Song, D. W. (2003). A stochastic frontier model of the productive efficiency of Korean container terminals. Applied Economics, 35(3), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840210139355
  • Cullinane, K., & Song, D. W. (2006). Estimating the relative efficiency of European ports: a stochastic frontier analysis. Research in Transport Economics, 16(1), 85-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)16005-9
  • Cullinane, K., Wang, T-F., Song, D-W., & Ji, P. (2006) The technical efficiency of container ports: Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 40(4), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2005.07.003
  • Dowd, T. J., & Leschine, T. M. (1990). Container terminal productivity: A perspective. Maritime Policy & Management, 17(2), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839000000060
  • Ellram, L., Tate W., & Billinton, C. (2004). Understanding and managing the services supply chain. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 40(3), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2004.tb00176.x
  • Esmer, S. (2016). Bir Kuşak Bir Yol (One Belt, One Road) Projesi. Retrieved on October 10, 2022 from https://www.denizhaber.net/mobi/author_article_detail.php?id=456
  • Huang, T., Chen, Z., Wang, S., & Jiang, D. (2021). Efficiency evaluation of key ports along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road based on the DEA–SCOR model. Maritime Policy & Management, 48(3), 378-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1773558
  • Hwang, G., Han, S., Jun, S., & Park, J. (2014). Operational performance metrics in manufacturing process: Based on SCOR model and RFID technology. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 5(1), 50-55.
  • Hwang, Y. D., Lin, Y. C., & Lyu Jr, J. (2008). The performance evaluation of SCOR sourcing process—The case study of Taiwan’s TFT-LCD industry. International Journal of Production Economics, 115(2), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2007.09.014
  • Jaber, J. J., Beldjilali, F., Shehadeh, A. A., Hamadneh, N. N., Saleh, M., Tahir, M., & Al Wadi, S. (2022). Estimating performance efficiency of mining and extracting sectors using DEA models: The case of Jordan. Complexity, 2022(7), 3688381. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3688381
  • Lee, C. C. (2009). Analysis of overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the medium-sized audit firms. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(8), 11156-11171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.02.092
  • Li, L., Su, Q., & Chen, X. (2011). Ensuring supply chain quality performance through applying the SCOR model. International Journal of Production Research, 49(1), 33-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2010.508934
  • Liu, Z. (1995) The comparative performance of public and private enterprises: The case of British ports. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 29(3), 263-274.
  • Murat, D. (2020). The measurement of innovation performance in OECD countries. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 18(4), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.822303
  • NDRC. (2015). Vison and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21-Century Maritime Silk Road. National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China Beijing: http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/2015-09/15/content_36591064.htm
  • Pan, N. H., Lin, Y. Y., & Pan, N. F. (2010). Enhancing construction project supply chains and performance evaluation methods: A case study of a bridge construction project. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(8), 1094-1106. https://doi.org/10.1139/L10-047
  • Potthast, J. M., Gärtner, H., & Hertrampf, F. (2010). Allocation for manufacturing companies. Electronic Scientific Journal of Logistics, 6(2), 19–24.
  • Roll, Y., & Hayuth, Y. (1993) Port performance comparison applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). Maritime Policy and Management, 20(2), 161-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839300000025
  • Sağlam, B. B., & Abdullah, A. (2020). Clustering Turkish container ports based on physical attributes and efficiency scores. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.803354
  • Sismanyazici, H. (2017). OBOR (One Belt One Road) Deniz İpek Yolu ve Türkiye. Retrieved on October 10, 2022 from https://www.kaptanhaber.com/yazarlar/harun-sismanyazici/obor-one-belt-one-road-deniz-ipek-yolu-ve-turkiye/101049
  • Sundarakani, B., Razzak, A., & Manikandan, S. (2018). Creating a competitive advantage in the global flight catering supply chain: A case study using SCOR model. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 21(5), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2018.1448767
  • Thunberg, M., & Persson, F. (2014). Using the SCOR model’s performance measurements to improve construction logistics. Production Planning & Control: The Management of Operations, 25(13-14), 1065-1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2013.808836
  • Tongzon, J. (2001) Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00049-X
  • Wang, T., Song, D. W., & Cullinane, K. (2003) Container port production efficiency: A comparative study of DEA and FDH approaches. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, 698-713.
  • Wang, Y. L. (2017). Research on diagnostic index system of port supply chain based on SCOR. Revista de la Facultad de Ingenieria, 32(8), 510-519.
  • Wang, Y. L., Du, W. J. (2019). Diagnosis of port supply chain based on supply chain operations reference model. Journal of Coastal Research, 98(Special Issue No. 98), 117-120.
  • Wibowo, M. A., & Sholeh, M. N. (2016). Application of supply chain performance measurement in SCOR model at building project. The 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering Research (ICCER) 2016: Contribution of Civil Engineering toward Building Sustainable City, Surabaya, Indonesia. pp. 60-64.
  • Wu, Y., & Goh, M. (2010) Container port efficiency in emerging and more advanced markets. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(6), 1030–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2010.01.002
  • Yan, J., Sun, X., Liu, J. (2009) Assessing container operator efficiency with heterogeneous and time-varying production frontiers. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 43(1), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2008.06.001
  • Yan, Y. (2019). Effect evaluation and optimization model of logistics supply chain in coastal ports. Journal of Coastal Research, 94(sp1), 763–767. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI94-151.1
  • Yilmaz, Y., & Bititci, U. (2006). Performance measurement in the value chain: Manufacturing v. tourism. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(5), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400610671417
  • Zhou, H., Benton, W. C., Schilling, D. A., & Milliga, G. W. (2011). Supply chain integration and the SCOR model. Journal of Business Logistics, 32(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0000-0000.2011.01029.x
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Maritime Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sedat Baştuğ 0000-0002-7121-2882

Publication Date March 22, 2023
Submission Date November 29, 2022
Acceptance Date February 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baştuğ, S. (2023). Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 12(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1211636
AMA Baştuğ S. Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. March 2023;12(1):27-38. doi:10.33714/masteb.1211636
Chicago Baştuğ, Sedat. “Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 12, no. 1 (March 2023): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1211636.
EndNote Baştuğ S (March 1, 2023) Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 12 1 27–38.
IEEE S. Baştuğ, “Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative”, Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27–38, 2023, doi: 10.33714/masteb.1211636.
ISNAD Baştuğ, Sedat. “Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 12/1 (March 2023), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.1211636.
JAMA Baştuğ S. Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2023;12:27–38.
MLA Baştuğ, Sedat. “Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative”. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, vol. 12, no. 1, 2023, pp. 27-38, doi:10.33714/masteb.1211636.
Vancouver Baştuğ S. Port Efficiency Evaluation of Turkish Container Ports Based on DEA-SCOR Model: An Effective Sea Gateways in Türkiye for One Belt and One Road Initiative. Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. 2023;12(1):27-38.

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