Research Article
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Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 1519 - 1537, 20.10.2023

Gülşah Tıkız Ertürk Hakan Demiröz Murat Ata

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183

Abstract

Effective communication between people with different emotional, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives requires skill in handling communication. Learning intercultural communication skills (IC), which are more important than language proficiency and communicative competence, is necessary for teaching foreign languages as English becomes a global language. Effective communication in English language classes, thus, requires multicultural sensitivity and competency. Intercultural competence (IC) is crucial in a globalized society where people must behave ethically and competently in cross-cultural relationships. As societies strive toward collective goals and establish lasting social, cultural, and economic connections with diverse cultural groups, intercultural sensitivity is gaining importance at all educational levels, particularly for foreign language learners. Many students lack intercultural knowledge, abilities, and mindsets. This study examines how EFL preparatory students perceive their intercultural sensitivity and competencies, whether there exists a statistically significant relationship between these two variables, and whether these variables show a difference regarding the participants’ demographics. The study adopted a descriptive methodology by using a correlational survey method. Data were collected from EFL preparatory students at a state university in western Türkiye by using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale and the Intercultural Competence Scale (ICS). Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. T-test, Pearson correlation, and Spearman's Rho tests were used to calculate frequency and percentages with SPSS program, version 22. The results showed that EFL preparatory students demonstrated a high level of IS and IC levels; however, the participants’ IS and IC levels did not significantly differ by their demographics. Educational implications were suggested in the light of the literature.

Keywords

Intercultural sensitivity intercultural competence EFL preparatory level students

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

-

References

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Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 1519 - 1537, 20.10.2023

Gülşah Tıkız Ertürk Hakan Demiröz Murat Ata

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183

Abstract

Farklı duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal bakış açılarına sahip insanlar arasında etkili iletişim, güçlü bir iletişim becerisi gerektirir. İngilizce küresel bir dil haline geldikçe yabancı dil yeterliliği ve iletişimsel yetkinlikten daha önemli olan kültürlerarası iletişim becerilerinin öğrenilmesi dil öğretimi için gereklidir. Bu nedenle İngilizce sınıflarında etkili iletişim, çok kültürlü duyarlılık ve yetkinlik gerektirir. Kültürlerarası yetkinlik insanların kültürlerarası ilişkilerde etik ve yetkin bir şekilde davranması gereken küreselleşmiş bir toplumda çok önemlidir. Toplumlar ortak hedefler için çabaladıkça ve farklı kültürel gruplarla kalıcı sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlantılar kurdukça, kültürlerarası duyarlılığın önemi tüm eğitim seviyelerinde, özellikle de yabancı dil öğrencileri için giderek artmaktadır. Birçok öğrenci kültürlerarası bilgi, beceri ve zihniyetten yoksundur. Bu çalışma, yabancı dille eğitim yapan hazırlık seviyesinde öğrenimlerine devam eden öğrencilerin kendi kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve yetkinliklerini nasıl algıladıklarını, iki değişken arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığını ve bu değişkenlerin demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektedir. Çalışmada betimsel yöntem benimsenmiş ilişkisel tarama metodu kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Chao (2014) tarafından oluşturulan Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği (Chen & Starosta, 2000) ve Kültürlerarası Yetkinlik Ölçeği (ICS) kullanılarak Türkiye'nin batısındaki bir devlet üniversitesindeki Yabancı Dil Olarak İngilizce hazırlık öğrencilerinden toplanmıştır. Veri toplamak için uygun örnekleme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. SPSS programı, sürüm 22 ile frekans ve yüzdeleri hesaplamak için T-testi, Pearson korelasyonu ve Spearman's Rho testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, yabancı dil hazırlık öğrencilerinin yüksek düzeyde kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve yetkinlik seviyeleri gösterdiğini; ancak katılımcıların IS ve IC seviyelerinin demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde değişmediğini göstermiştir. Alan yazın ışığında eğitimsel çıkarımlar önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Kültürlerarası duyarlılık kültürlerarası yetkinlik yabancı dil eğitimi hazırlık sınıf öğrencileri

Project Number

-

References

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  • Akın, E. (2016). Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılıklarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Siirt Üniversitesi örneği). Turkish Studies, 11(3), 29-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.
  • Aksoy, N. & Akkoç, M.G. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity levels and cultural difference perceptions of physicians and nurses. Florence Nightingale J. Nursing, 28, 23-32.
  • Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.1.57
  • Ameli, S. R., & Molaei, H. (2012). Religious affiliation and intercultural sensitivity: Interculturality between Shia & Sunni Muslims in Iran. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.11.007
  • Avcılar, A., & Gök, E. (2022). Intercultural effectiveness of international and domestic university students: A case of Turkey. Journal of International Students, 12(2), 531-549. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i1.2972
  • Babbie, E. (1990). Survey Research Methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Banos, R. V. (2006). Intercultural sensitivity of teenagers: A study of educational necessities in Catalonia. Intercultural Communication Studies, 15(2), 16-22.
  • Barnlund, D. C. (1988). Communication in a global village. In L. A. Samovar, & R. E. Porter (Eds.). Intercultural communication: A reader. CA: Wadsworth.
  • Beek, A. (2023). Preservice preparation for middle level international schoolteachers. In Middle Level Teacher Preparation across International Contexts (pp. 172-190). Routledge.
  • Bekiroğlu, O., & Balci, Ş. (2014). Kültürlerarası iletişim duyarlılığının izlerini aramak: İletişim fakültesi öğrencileri örneğinde bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(35), 429-459.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(2), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(86)90005-2
  • Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In M. Paige (Ed.). Education for the Intercultural Experience (pp. 21-71).Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
  • Bhawuk, D. P., & Brislin, R. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(92)90031-O
  • Byram, M. (1997). ‘Cultural awareness’ as vocabulary learning. Language Learning Journal, 16(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739785200291
  • Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness–relationships, comparisons, and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639887
  • Byram, M., Gribkova, B., & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: A practical introduction for teachers. Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe.
  • Chen, G. M. (1989). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37(2), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378909385533
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of Intercultural Communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Chen, G., & Starosta, W. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Communication Association (86th), Seattle, WA.
  • Chen, H., & Hu, B. (2023). On the intercultural sensitivity of university students in multicultural regions: A case study in Macao. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-11.
  • Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Human Communication, 1, 1-16.
  • Çiloğlan, F., & Bardakçi, M. (2019). The relationship between intercultural sensitivity and English language achievement. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(3), 1204-1214. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631563
  • Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2009). Survey research: Process and limitations. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 16(1), 9-15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Çakır, İ. (2022). TV serials and movies to boost intercultural communicative competence in Turkish EFL context. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 32(3), 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12425
  • Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002
  • Demircioğlu, Ş., & Cakir, C. (2015). Intercultural competence of English language teachers in International Baccalaureate World Schools in Turkey and abroad. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 11(1), 15-32.
  • Durocher Jr, D. O. (2007). Teaching sensitivity to cultural difference in the first‐year foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 40(1), 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02858.x
  • El Allame, Y. E. K., Khotbi, T., Elghazali, O., & Othmane, Z. (2020). Intercultural competence models: A comparative study. International Journal of All Research Writings, 3(7), 23-31.
  • Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2004). Assessing language acquisition and intercultural sensitivity development in relation to study abroad program design. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10(1), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v10i1.142
  • Fabregas, J. M. G., Kelsey, K. D., & Robinson, S. J. (2012). Predicting intercultural sensitivity using demographic variables among college of agriculture undergraduate students. US-China Education Review, A8, 710-719.
  • Fantini, A. E. (2000). A central concern: Developing intercultural competence. SIT Occasional Paper Series, 1, 25-42.
  • Fantini, A. (2009). Assessing intercultural competence: Issues and tools. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Fowler, F. J. (2002). Survey research methods. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gedik Bal, N. (2023). In-service teachers’ intercultural sensitivity. Teaching English as a Second Language Electronic Journal (TESL-EJ), 27(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.27106a2
  • Gonzales, H. (2017). The intercultural effectiveness of university students. Psychology, 8, 2017-2030.
  • Greenholtz, J. (2000). Assessing cross-cultural competence in transnational education: The intercultural development inventory. Higher Education in Europe, 25(3), 411-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/713669273
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics, Linguistics (Other)
Journal Section Linguistics
Authors

Gülşah Tıkız Ertürk 0000-0001-5803-1270

Hakan Demiröz 0000-0003-2413-5383

Murat Ata 0000-0001-8822-5105

Project Number -
Publication Date October 20, 2023
Submission Date June 5, 2023
Acceptance Date October 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tıkız Ertürk, G., Demiröz, H., & Ata, M. (2023). Intercultural Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of EFL Preparatory Students: Insights from a Turkish Context. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(4), 1519-1537. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1310183
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