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Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ)

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 80 - 87, 05.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1300228

Abstract

Over the last two decades, cyberbullying has gained increasing attention from the research community as the phenomenon has become a public health issue affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Although several instruments assess cyberbullying worldwide, many still need to be adequately validated in different languages, countries, and cultures. The European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) is one instrument that aims to measure two dimensions of cyberbullying: cyber-victimization and cyber-aggression. Although the instrument has been translated into various languages and validated in several European and non-European countries, validation studies have yet to be conducted in Turkish culture. This study aimed to adapt the ECIPQ into Turkish and to investigate the psychometric quality of the instrument in Turkish population. A total sample of 632 college students participated in the study. Along with the ECIPQ, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were administered for validation purposes. The results showed that the Turkish version of the ECIPQ had sufficient internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the ECIPQ. The ECIPQ showed adequate convergent validity, as evidenced by the positive correlation between the cyberbullying and aggression scores and the negative correlation between cyberbullying and self-esteem scores. In conclusion, the ECIPQ can be considered a psychometrically sound measure to assess Turkish college students' perceived cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization levels.

References

  • Allison, M., Schenk, A. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2012). Prevalence, psychological impact, and coping of cyberbully victims among college students. Journal of School Violence, 11(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2011.630310
  • Álvarez-Marín, I., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Lucas-Molina, B., Martínez-Valderrey, V., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2022). Assessing Cyberbullying in Adolescence: New Evidence for the Spanish Version of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIP-Q). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14196. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph192114196
  • Akdemir, D., Çak, T., Aslan, C., Aydos, B. S., Nalbant, K., & Cuhadaroglu-Cetin, F. (2016). Predictors of self-esteem in adolescents with a psychiatric referral. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 58(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/ 10.24953/turkjped.2016.01.010
  • Arató N., Zsidó A. N., Lénárd K., & Lábadi B. (2019). Az Internetes Zaklatás Áldoazat és Elkövetője Kérdőív (CVBS-HU) és az Európai Cyberbullying Intervenciós Projekt Kérdőív (ECIPQ) magyar adaptációja. Iskolakultúra: Pedagógusok Szakmai – Tudományos Folyóirata, 29(12), 81-110.
  • Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013). Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 320–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022
  • Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy, and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073
  • Brighi, A., Ortega, R., Pyzalski, J., Scheithauer, H., Smith, P. K., Tsormpatzoudis, H., Tsorbatzoudis, H., et al. (2012). European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t66195-000
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. Cyberbullying Research Center. (2021). 2021 Cyberbullying Data. Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://cyberbullying.org/2021-cyberbullying-data
  • Chun, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2020). An international systematic review of cyberbullying measurements. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106485. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106485
  • Çalışkan Pala, S. , Ünsal, A. , Öztürk Emiral, G. , Demirtaş, Z. , Akbulut Zencirci, S. , Tözün, M. & Arslantaş, D. (2021). Evaluation of cyberbullying and multidimensional perceived social support levels in high school students of Turkey. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , 84 (1), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2019.0106
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E. & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2261–2271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.06.014
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Self-esteem among adolescents [Unpublished dissertation]. Hacettepe University. Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptation of Satisfaction with Life Scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250-1262. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229
  • Del Rey R., Casas J. A., Ortega-Ruiz R., Schultze-Krumbholz A., Scheithauer H., Smith P., et al. (2015). Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 141–147. 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.065
  • Demirtaş-Madran, H. A. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(2), 1-6.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
  • Dooley, J. J., Pyzalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.182
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Herrera-López, M., Casas, J. A., Romera, E. M., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Del Rey, R. (2017). Validation of the European cyberbullying intervention project questionnaire for Colombian Adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(2), https://doi.org/117-125. 10.1089/cyber.2016.0414
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
  • Hussain, Z., Kircaburun, K., Savcı, M., Griffiths, M.D. (2023). The role of aggression in the association of cyberbullying victimization with cyberbullying perpetration and problematic social media use among adolescents. Journal of Concurrent Disorders. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.54127/AOJW5819
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 53(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
  • Köker, S. (1991). Comparison of life satisfaction among normal and problematic adolescents [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Li, X. (2015). Regulation of Cyber Space: An Analysis of Chinese Law on Cyber Crime. International Journal of Cyber Criminology 9(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56225
  • Leung, A. N. M., Wong, N., & Farver, J. M. (2018). Cyberbullying in Hong Kong Chinese students: Life satisfaction, and the moderating role of friendship qualities on cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.016
  • Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Calmaestra, J., Scheithauer, H., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Luik, P., Naruskov, K., Blaya, C., Berthaud, J., & Smith, P. K. (2012). Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: a comparison across six European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social networking, 15(9), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0040
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell.
  • Oriol, X., Miranda, R., & Amutio, A. (2021). Correlates of bullying victimization and sexual harassment: implications for life satisfaction in late adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 37(3), 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840519863845
  • Ortega-Ruiz, R., Del Rey, R., & Casas, J. A. (2016). Evaluar el bullying y el cyberbullying validación española del EBIP-Q y del ECIP-Q. Psicología Educativa, 22(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.01.004
  • Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017). Cyberbullying and self-esteem: An Italian study. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.026
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-Esteem. Journal of School Health, 80: 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying: Implications for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013
  • Pyzalski, J. (2012). From cyberbullying to electronic aggression: Typology of the phenomenon. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3–4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704319
  • R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pjjh
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  • Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013). Characteristics of college cyberbullies. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2320-2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024
  • Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 7610.2007.01846.x
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Varghese, M. E., & Pistole, M. C. (2017). College student cyberbullying: Self‐esteem, depression, loneliness, and attachment. Journal of College Counseling, 20(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12055
  • Williford, A., & DePaolis, K. J. (2019). Validation of a cyber bullying and victimization measure among elementary school-aged children. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(5), 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0583-z
  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014). "Sexting" and its relation to sexual activity and sexual risk behavior in a national survey of adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 55(6), 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.012
  • Yetim, U. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Ege University.
  • Zhu, Y., Wu, S., Marsiglia, F. F., Wu, Q., & Chen, Q. (2022). Adaptation and validation of the European cyberbullying intervention project questionnaire with and for Chinese adolescents. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(4), 1363-1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13466.
Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 80 - 87, 05.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1300228

Abstract

References

  • Allison, M., Schenk, A. M., & Fremouw, W. J. (2012). Prevalence, psychological impact, and coping of cyberbully victims among college students. Journal of School Violence, 11(1), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2011.630310
  • Álvarez-Marín, I., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Lucas-Molina, B., Martínez-Valderrey, V., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2022). Assessing Cyberbullying in Adolescence: New Evidence for the Spanish Version of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIP-Q). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14196. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph192114196
  • Akdemir, D., Çak, T., Aslan, C., Aydos, B. S., Nalbant, K., & Cuhadaroglu-Cetin, F. (2016). Predictors of self-esteem in adolescents with a psychiatric referral. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 58(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/ 10.24953/turkjped.2016.01.010
  • Arató N., Zsidó A. N., Lénárd K., & Lábadi B. (2019). Az Internetes Zaklatás Áldoazat és Elkövetője Kérdőív (CVBS-HU) és az Európai Cyberbullying Intervenciós Projekt Kérdőív (ECIPQ) magyar adaptációja. Iskolakultúra: Pedagógusok Szakmai – Tudományos Folyóirata, 29(12), 81-110.
  • Berne, S., Frisén, A., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Naruskov, K., Luik, P., Katzer, C., Erentaite, R., & Zukauskiene, R. (2013). Cyberbullying assessment instruments: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 320–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.022
  • Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy, and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073
  • Brighi, A., Ortega, R., Pyzalski, J., Scheithauer, H., Smith, P. K., Tsormpatzoudis, H., Tsorbatzoudis, H., et al. (2012). European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t66195-000
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. Cyberbullying Research Center. (2021). 2021 Cyberbullying Data. Retrieved July 22, 2023, from https://cyberbullying.org/2021-cyberbullying-data
  • Chun, J., Lee, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. (2020). An international systematic review of cyberbullying measurements. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106485. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106485
  • Çalışkan Pala, S. , Ünsal, A. , Öztürk Emiral, G. , Demirtaş, Z. , Akbulut Zencirci, S. , Tözün, M. & Arslantaş, D. (2021). Evaluation of cyberbullying and multidimensional perceived social support levels in high school students of Turkey. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , 84 (1), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.2019.0106
  • Çetin, B., Yaman, E. & Peker, A. (2011). Cyber victim and bullying scale: A study of validity and reliability. Computers & Education, 57(4), 2261–2271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.06.014
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Self-esteem among adolescents [Unpublished dissertation]. Hacettepe University. Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptation of Satisfaction with Life Scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250-1262. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229
  • Del Rey R., Casas J. A., Ortega-Ruiz R., Schultze-Krumbholz A., Scheithauer H., Smith P., et al. (2015). Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 141–147. 10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.065
  • Demirtaş-Madran, H. A. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(2), 1-6.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
  • Dooley, J. J., Pyzalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.217.4.182
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Herrera-López, M., Casas, J. A., Romera, E. M., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Del Rey, R. (2017). Validation of the European cyberbullying intervention project questionnaire for Colombian Adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(2), https://doi.org/117-125. 10.1089/cyber.2016.0414
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
  • Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2015). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.
  • Hussain, Z., Kircaburun, K., Savcı, M., Griffiths, M.D. (2023). The role of aggression in the association of cyberbullying victimization with cyberbullying perpetration and problematic social media use among adolescents. Journal of Concurrent Disorders. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.54127/AOJW5819
  • Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 53(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
  • Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
  • Köker, S. (1991). Comparison of life satisfaction among normal and problematic adolescents [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Li, X. (2015). Regulation of Cyber Space: An Analysis of Chinese Law on Cyber Crime. International Journal of Cyber Criminology 9(2), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56225
  • Leung, A. N. M., Wong, N., & Farver, J. M. (2018). Cyberbullying in Hong Kong Chinese students: Life satisfaction, and the moderating role of friendship qualities on cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.016
  • Menesini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B. E., Frisén, A., Berne, S., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Calmaestra, J., Scheithauer, H., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Luik, P., Naruskov, K., Blaya, C., Berthaud, J., & Smith, P. K. (2012). Cyberbullying definition among adolescents: a comparison across six European countries. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social networking, 15(9), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0040
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell.
  • Oriol, X., Miranda, R., & Amutio, A. (2021). Correlates of bullying victimization and sexual harassment: implications for life satisfaction in late adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing, 37(3), 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840519863845
  • Ortega-Ruiz, R., Del Rey, R., & Casas, J. A. (2016). Evaluar el bullying y el cyberbullying validación española del EBIP-Q y del ECIP-Q. Psicología Educativa, 22(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.01.004
  • Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., & Costabile, A. (2017). Cyberbullying and self-esteem: An Italian study. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.026
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and self-Esteem. Journal of School Health, 80: 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x
  • Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2015). Measuring cyberbullying: Implications for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.013
  • Pyzalski, J. (2012). From cyberbullying to electronic aggression: Typology of the phenomenon. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3–4), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704319
  • R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt183pjjh
  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
  • Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013). Characteristics of college cyberbullies. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2320-2327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024
  • Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 7610.2007.01846.x
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Varghese, M. E., & Pistole, M. C. (2017). College student cyberbullying: Self‐esteem, depression, loneliness, and attachment. Journal of College Counseling, 20(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12055
  • Williford, A., & DePaolis, K. J. (2019). Validation of a cyber bullying and victimization measure among elementary school-aged children. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 36(5), 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0583-z
  • Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2014). "Sexting" and its relation to sexual activity and sexual risk behavior in a national survey of adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 55(6), 757–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.07.012
  • Yetim, U. (1991). Kişisel projelerin organizasyonu ve örüntüsü açısından yaşam doyumu [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Ege University.
  • Zhu, Y., Wu, S., Marsiglia, F. F., Wu, Q., & Chen, Q. (2022). Adaptation and validation of the European cyberbullying intervention project questionnaire with and for Chinese adolescents. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(4), 1363-1372. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13466.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Serhat Gözütok 0000-0002-5391-9673

Süleyman Akçıl 0000-0003-4461-5093

İhsan Çağatay Ulus 0000-0002-9610-4562

Publication Date January 5, 2024
Submission Date May 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gözütok, A. S., Akçıl, S., & Ulus, İ. Ç. (2024). Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ). Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 9(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1300228

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 2023. © 2023. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. 19195

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. All rights reserved, 2023. ISSN:2458-8350