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The Possibility of Reconciliation of The Doctrine of "Imago Dei" of Christianity With Transhumanism

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 3624 - 3650, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.797477

Abstract

Our study, which discusses the possibility of reconciling the imago Dei doctrine in Christianity with transhumanist thought, aims to draw attention to the relationship between religion and technology, which is increasing its importance, and to the theological problems that arise in connection therewith, specifically through the relationship between Christianity and Transhumanism, as well as to point out the problems of understanding and interpreting the imago Dei showing up within the framework of this relationship. Transhumanism, which seems to have placed the most important teachings of Christianity into its religious roots, involves the physical, mental and cognitive development of human beings by means of scientific-technological tools and methods; and aims to eliminate diseases, aging and death. The vast majority of Christians, are skeptical of the aforementioned aims and often rejects them, as they believe that they are detrimental to the imago Dei doctrine, which purports that man is created in the image of God. According to the transhumanist thought, the real field that the Divine image is manifested is the "creativity" quality of the human being, therefore transhumanism asserts that human beings can also practice the act of creation just like God and can bring about changes both in his own body and in the physical environment outside himself. Christianity, which takes the act of creation exclusive to God, regards any change in the body that takes place outside the will of God as an intervention to the imago Dei doctrine and God's plan, and therefore rejects. Based on the data, in our study, it was concluded that it is not possible to reconcile Christianity’s imago Dei doctrine with transhumanism.

References

  • Açıklamalı Kutsal Kitap (2010). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Bishop, J. P. (2018). "Nietzsche’s Power Ontology and Transhumanism: Or Why Christians Cannot Be Transhumanists". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 117-135.
  • Bostrom, N. (2005). “A History of Transhumanist Thought”. Journal of Evolution and Technology, S. 14: 1-25.
  • Bostrom, N. (2014). "Introduction—The Transhumanist FAQ: A General Introduction". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 1-17.
  • Brooks, R. A. (2002). Robot: The Future of Flesh and Machines. London: Penguin.
  • Burdett, M. S. (2011). "Contextualizing a Christian Perspective on Transcendence and Human Enhancement: Francis Bacon, N. F. Fedorov, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 19-35.
  • Clay, E. (2011). "Transhumanism and the Orthodox Christian Tradition". Beyond Humanism: Trans- and Posthumanism Jenseits des Humanismus: Trans- und Posthumanismus / Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Ed. Hava Tirosh-Samuelson ve Kenneth L. Mossman. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 3: 157-180.
  • Cole-Turner, R. (2018). "Introduction: Why the Church Should Pay Attention to Transhumanism". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 1-15.
  • Dağ, A. (2018). Transhümanizm-İnsanın ve Dünyanın Dönüşümü. Ankara: Elis Yayınları.
  • Dağ, A. (2019). "Yaratılışa Müdahale ve Yeni Bir Evrimci Neo-Darwinist Bir Yaklaşım Olarak Transhümanizm". FLSF (Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi), C. 14, S. 27: 153-168.
  • Daly, T. T. W. (2015). "Diagnosing Death in the Transhumanism and Christian Traditions". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 83-96.
  • Dickson, M. (2018). "The Imago Dei and the Imago Mundi". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 97-115.
  • Fisher, M. Z. (2015). "More Human Than the Human? Toward a “Transhumanist” Christian Theological Anthropology". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement, Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 23-38.
  • Garner, S. R. (2006). Transhumanism and the imago Dei-Narratives of apprehension and hope. Phd Thesis. The University of Auckland.
  • Garner, S. R. (2015), "Christian Theology and Transhumanism: The “Created Co-creator” and Bioethical Principles". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 229-243.
  • Glennon, F. (2018). "Even Cyborgs Cast a Shadow: Christian Resources and Responsibilities in Response to Transhumanism". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 209-228.
  • Haraway, D. (1991). “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late 20th Century”. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~vanlondp/wgss320/articles/haraway-cyborg-manifesto.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (1984). “The Creation.” Christian Dogmatics. Ed. Carl E. Braaten ve Robert W. Jenson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1: 265-357.
  • Hefner, P. (2002). “Technology and Human Becoming.” Zygon, C. 37, S. 3: 655-665.
  • Hefner, P. (2003). “Created to Be Creators”. https://www.metanexus.net/created-be-creators/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (2004a). “The Created Co-Creator Meets Cyborg”. https://www.metanexus.net/created-co-creator-meets-cyborg/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (2004b). “Experience Contains More Ideas than We Have Words”: Created Co-Creator as Science and Symbol”. https://www.metanexus.net/experience-contains-more-ideas-we-have-words-created-co-creator-science-and-symbol/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2020)
  • Hefner, P. (2004c). “Human Being: Questioning and Being Questioned.” Zygon C. 39, S. 4: 733-735.
  • Hefner, P. (2005). “Can the Created Co-Creator Be Lutheran? A Response to Svend Andersen.” Dialog, C. 44, S. 2: 184-188.
  • Herzfeld, N. (2002). "Creating in Our Own Image: Artifical Intelligence and the Image of God". Zygon®: Journal of Religion and Science, C. 37, S. 2: 303-316.
  • Hoskins, J. (2017). “Transhumanism and Christian Orthodoxy: Where Do We Draw the Line?”. https://christandpopculture.com/transhumanism-christian-orthodoxy-draw-line/ (24.08.2020).
  • John Paul II (1981). “Laborem Exercens”. http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091981_laborem-exercens.html (Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2020).
  • Johnson, L. A. (2015). "Return of the Corporeal Battle: How Second-Century Christology Struggles Inform the Transhumanism Debate". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 273-289.
  • Katolik Kilisesi Din ve Ahlak İlkeleri (2000). Çev. Dominik Pamir. İstanbul: Yaylacık Matbaacılık.
  • Keenan, J. F. (2014). "Roman Catholic Christianity—Embodiment and Relationality: Roman Catholic Concerns about Transhumanist Proposals". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher, New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 155-171.
  • Kelly, K. (1999). “Nerd Theology”. Technology in Society, S. 21: 387–392.
  • Kew, B. (2016). “Pope Francis Describes Transgenderism as the ‘Annihilation of Man”. http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/08/04/pope-francis-describes-transgenderism-annihilation-man/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2020).
  • Kull, A. (2001). “Cyborg Embodiment and the Incarnation.” Currents in Theology and Mission, C. 28, S. 3-4: 279-284.
  • Kurt, İ. (2019). Transhümanizm ve Tekillik Bağlamında Dinin Geleceği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kurzweil, R. (2020). İnsanlık 2.0-Tekilliğe Doğru Biyolojisini Aşan İnsan. Çev. Mine Şengel. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Labrecque, C. A. (2015). "Morphological Freedom and the Rebellion against Human Bodiliness: Notes from the Roman Catholic Tradition". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 303-313.
  • Labrecque, C. A. (2017). "Genesis 2.0: Transhumanism, Catholicism, and the Future of Creation". Religion and Human Enhancement Death, Values, and Morality. Ed. Tracy J. Trothen ve Calvin Mercer. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 139-156.
  • Lebacqz, K. (2011). "Dignity and Enhancement in the Holy City". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 51-62.
  • MacDonald, W. (2004). Kutsal Kitap Yorumu Eski Antlaşma Serisi, C. 1. İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Mercer, C. (2014). "Protestant Christianity—Sorting Out Soma in the Debate about Transhumanism: One Protestant’s Perspective". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher, New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 137-154.
  • More, M. (2013). “The Philosophy of Transhumanism”. The Transhumanist Reader: Classical And Contemporary Essays On The Science, Technology And Philosophy Of The Human Future. Ed. Max More ve Natasha-Vita More. West Sussex UK: Wiley-Blacwell Publishing. 3-17.
  • Soysal, E. K. (2019). "İnsanın Geleceği-Transhümanizm Bağlamında Bir İnceleme". İnsanı Yeniden Düşünmek-Modern Düşüncede Temel Tartışmalar. Ed. Lütfi Sunar ve Latif Karagöz. Ankara: İlem Yayınları. 313-364.
  • Thweatt-Bates, J. (2012). Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman. Burlington, UK: Ashgate.
  • Tirosh-Samuelson, H. (2011). "Science and the Betterment of Humanity: Three British Prophets of Transhumanism". Beyond Humanism: Trans- and Posthumanism Jenseits des Humanismus: Trans- und Posthumanismus / Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Ed. Hava Tirosh-Samuelson ve Kenneth L. Mossman. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 3: 55-82.
  • Waters, B. (2006). From Human to Posthuman Christian Theology and Technology in a Postmodern World. Ashgate e-Book.
  • Waters, B. (2011). "Whose Salvation? Which Eschatology? Transhumanism and Christianity as Contending Salvific Religions". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 163-175.
  • Winyard Sr., D. C. (2016). Transhumanism Christianity Diplomacy: To Transform Science Religion Relations. Phd Thesis. Blacksburg, VA.
  • Young, S. (2006). Designer Evolution: A Transhumanist Manifesto. New York: Prometheus Books.

Hıristiyanlığın “Imago Dei” Öğretisinin Transhümanizmle Uzlaştırılmasının İmkânı

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 5, 3624 - 3650, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.797477

Abstract

Hıristiyanlıktaki imago Dei öğretisinin transhümanist düşünceyle uzlaştırılma ihtimalini konu edinen çalışmamız; önemini giderek artıran din-teknoloji ilişkisine ve buna bağlı ortaya çıkan teolojik sorunlara Hıristiyanlık-transhümanizm ilişkisi özelinden dikkat çekmeyi ve bu ilişkiyle beliren, imago Dei’yi anlama ve yorumlama sorunlarına işaret etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dinî kökenlerine Hıristiyanlığın en mühim öğretilerini yerleştirdiği görülen transhümanizm, bilimsel-teknolojik araç ve yöntemlerle insanın fiziksel, zihinsel ve bilişsel açılardan geliştirilmesini; hastalıkların, yaşlanmanın ve ölümün ortadan kaldırılmasını hedeflemektedir. Hıristiyanların büyük çoğunluğu mezkûr hedeflere, insanın Tanrı suretinde yaratıldığını ifade eden imago Dei öğretisine zarar verecek nitelikte olduğuna inandığı için şüpheyle bakmakta çoğu zaman da onları reddetmektedir. Tanrısal suretin tezahür ettiği asıl sahanın insanın “yaratıcılık” özelliği olduğunu ileri süren transhümanist düşünceye göre insan da tıpkı Tanrı gibi yaratma eyleminde bulunabilir ve hem kendi bedeninde hem de kendi dışındaki fiziksel çevrede değişiklikler meydana getirebilir. Yaratma fiilini yalnızca Tanrı’ya münhasır kılan Hıristiyanlık ise beden üzerinde, Tanrı’nın arzusu dışında gerçekleşen herhangi bir değişikliği imago Dei doktrinine ve Tanrı’nın planına bir müdahale olarak görür ve reddeder. Verilerden hareketle çalışmamızda Hıristiyanlığın imago Dei öğretisinin transhümanizmle uzlaştırılmasının mümkün olamayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.   

References

  • Açıklamalı Kutsal Kitap (2010). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Bishop, J. P. (2018). "Nietzsche’s Power Ontology and Transhumanism: Or Why Christians Cannot Be Transhumanists". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 117-135.
  • Bostrom, N. (2005). “A History of Transhumanist Thought”. Journal of Evolution and Technology, S. 14: 1-25.
  • Bostrom, N. (2014). "Introduction—The Transhumanist FAQ: A General Introduction". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 1-17.
  • Brooks, R. A. (2002). Robot: The Future of Flesh and Machines. London: Penguin.
  • Burdett, M. S. (2011). "Contextualizing a Christian Perspective on Transcendence and Human Enhancement: Francis Bacon, N. F. Fedorov, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 19-35.
  • Clay, E. (2011). "Transhumanism and the Orthodox Christian Tradition". Beyond Humanism: Trans- and Posthumanism Jenseits des Humanismus: Trans- und Posthumanismus / Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Ed. Hava Tirosh-Samuelson ve Kenneth L. Mossman. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 3: 157-180.
  • Cole-Turner, R. (2018). "Introduction: Why the Church Should Pay Attention to Transhumanism". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 1-15.
  • Dağ, A. (2018). Transhümanizm-İnsanın ve Dünyanın Dönüşümü. Ankara: Elis Yayınları.
  • Dağ, A. (2019). "Yaratılışa Müdahale ve Yeni Bir Evrimci Neo-Darwinist Bir Yaklaşım Olarak Transhümanizm". FLSF (Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi), C. 14, S. 27: 153-168.
  • Daly, T. T. W. (2015). "Diagnosing Death in the Transhumanism and Christian Traditions". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 83-96.
  • Dickson, M. (2018). "The Imago Dei and the Imago Mundi". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 97-115.
  • Fisher, M. Z. (2015). "More Human Than the Human? Toward a “Transhumanist” Christian Theological Anthropology". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement, Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 23-38.
  • Garner, S. R. (2006). Transhumanism and the imago Dei-Narratives of apprehension and hope. Phd Thesis. The University of Auckland.
  • Garner, S. R. (2015), "Christian Theology and Transhumanism: The “Created Co-creator” and Bioethical Principles". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen, California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 229-243.
  • Glennon, F. (2018). "Even Cyborgs Cast a Shadow: Christian Resources and Responsibilities in Response to Transhumanism". Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church/Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow. Ed. Steve Donaldson ve Ron Cole-Turner. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 209-228.
  • Haraway, D. (1991). “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late 20th Century”. http://people.oregonstate.edu/~vanlondp/wgss320/articles/haraway-cyborg-manifesto.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (1984). “The Creation.” Christian Dogmatics. Ed. Carl E. Braaten ve Robert W. Jenson. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 1: 265-357.
  • Hefner, P. (2002). “Technology and Human Becoming.” Zygon, C. 37, S. 3: 655-665.
  • Hefner, P. (2003). “Created to Be Creators”. https://www.metanexus.net/created-be-creators/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.09.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (2004a). “The Created Co-Creator Meets Cyborg”. https://www.metanexus.net/created-co-creator-meets-cyborg/ (Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2020).
  • Hefner, P. (2004b). “Experience Contains More Ideas than We Have Words”: Created Co-Creator as Science and Symbol”. https://www.metanexus.net/experience-contains-more-ideas-we-have-words-created-co-creator-science-and-symbol/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2020)
  • Hefner, P. (2004c). “Human Being: Questioning and Being Questioned.” Zygon C. 39, S. 4: 733-735.
  • Hefner, P. (2005). “Can the Created Co-Creator Be Lutheran? A Response to Svend Andersen.” Dialog, C. 44, S. 2: 184-188.
  • Herzfeld, N. (2002). "Creating in Our Own Image: Artifical Intelligence and the Image of God". Zygon®: Journal of Religion and Science, C. 37, S. 2: 303-316.
  • Hoskins, J. (2017). “Transhumanism and Christian Orthodoxy: Where Do We Draw the Line?”. https://christandpopculture.com/transhumanism-christian-orthodoxy-draw-line/ (24.08.2020).
  • John Paul II (1981). “Laborem Exercens”. http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_14091981_laborem-exercens.html (Erişim Tarihi: 16.05.2020).
  • Johnson, L. A. (2015). "Return of the Corporeal Battle: How Second-Century Christology Struggles Inform the Transhumanism Debate". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 273-289.
  • Katolik Kilisesi Din ve Ahlak İlkeleri (2000). Çev. Dominik Pamir. İstanbul: Yaylacık Matbaacılık.
  • Keenan, J. F. (2014). "Roman Catholic Christianity—Embodiment and Relationality: Roman Catholic Concerns about Transhumanist Proposals". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher, New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 155-171.
  • Kelly, K. (1999). “Nerd Theology”. Technology in Society, S. 21: 387–392.
  • Kew, B. (2016). “Pope Francis Describes Transgenderism as the ‘Annihilation of Man”. http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/08/04/pope-francis-describes-transgenderism-annihilation-man/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2020).
  • Kull, A. (2001). “Cyborg Embodiment and the Incarnation.” Currents in Theology and Mission, C. 28, S. 3-4: 279-284.
  • Kurt, İ. (2019). Transhümanizm ve Tekillik Bağlamında Dinin Geleceği. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Kurzweil, R. (2020). İnsanlık 2.0-Tekilliğe Doğru Biyolojisini Aşan İnsan. Çev. Mine Şengel. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Labrecque, C. A. (2015). "Morphological Freedom and the Rebellion against Human Bodiliness: Notes from the Roman Catholic Tradition". Religion and Transhumanism The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Tracy J. Trothen. California: Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC. 303-313.
  • Labrecque, C. A. (2017). "Genesis 2.0: Transhumanism, Catholicism, and the Future of Creation". Religion and Human Enhancement Death, Values, and Morality. Ed. Tracy J. Trothen ve Calvin Mercer. Cham: Palgrave Macmillian. 139-156.
  • Lebacqz, K. (2011). "Dignity and Enhancement in the Holy City". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 51-62.
  • MacDonald, W. (2004). Kutsal Kitap Yorumu Eski Antlaşma Serisi, C. 1. İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları.
  • Mercer, C. (2014). "Protestant Christianity—Sorting Out Soma in the Debate about Transhumanism: One Protestant’s Perspective". Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak. Ed. Calvin Mercer ve Derek F. Maher, New York: Palgrave Macmillian. 137-154.
  • More, M. (2013). “The Philosophy of Transhumanism”. The Transhumanist Reader: Classical And Contemporary Essays On The Science, Technology And Philosophy Of The Human Future. Ed. Max More ve Natasha-Vita More. West Sussex UK: Wiley-Blacwell Publishing. 3-17.
  • Soysal, E. K. (2019). "İnsanın Geleceği-Transhümanizm Bağlamında Bir İnceleme". İnsanı Yeniden Düşünmek-Modern Düşüncede Temel Tartışmalar. Ed. Lütfi Sunar ve Latif Karagöz. Ankara: İlem Yayınları. 313-364.
  • Thweatt-Bates, J. (2012). Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman. Burlington, UK: Ashgate.
  • Tirosh-Samuelson, H. (2011). "Science and the Betterment of Humanity: Three British Prophets of Transhumanism". Beyond Humanism: Trans- and Posthumanism Jenseits des Humanismus: Trans- und Posthumanismus / Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Ed. Hava Tirosh-Samuelson ve Kenneth L. Mossman. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 3: 55-82.
  • Waters, B. (2006). From Human to Posthuman Christian Theology and Technology in a Postmodern World. Ashgate e-Book.
  • Waters, B. (2011). "Whose Salvation? Which Eschatology? Transhumanism and Christianity as Contending Salvific Religions". Transhumanism and Transcendence Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Ed. Ronald Cole-Turner. Washington: Georgetown University Press. 163-175.
  • Winyard Sr., D. C. (2016). Transhumanism Christianity Diplomacy: To Transform Science Religion Relations. Phd Thesis. Blacksburg, VA.
  • Young, S. (2006). Designer Evolution: A Transhumanist Manifesto. New York: Prometheus Books.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Yeşilyurt 0000-0003-0770-6850

Publication Date December 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Yeşilyurt, M. (2020). Hıristiyanlığın “Imago Dei” Öğretisinin Transhümanizmle Uzlaştırılmasının İmkânı. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(5), 3624-3650. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.797477

Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).