Research Article
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Physical Activity and Healthy Food Preference in Turkish Preschool Children

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 213 - 223, 21.07.2021

Abstract

Increased inactivity and unhealthy eating habits in children are worrying. It is important to determine food preferences to help children gain healthy eating habits and physical activity preferences to keep them away from inactivity. This study aimed to investigate physical activity and healthy food preferences of 48-60 months old Turkish children by age, gender, and BMI. In this study, a cross-sectional survey method was used. A total of 177 Turkish children (95 boys-82 girls) from three different preschools in Muğla city centre participated in the study. After measuring height and weight of the children, BMI values were calculated. Activity cards containing 12 pictures of energetic and sedentary activities were used to determine the children's physical activity preferences. To determine healthy food preference, different food cards were prepared for breakfast and dinner. Each card contains 20 images of healthy and unhealthy foods. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. During these interviews, these cards were shown to the children and asked to choose four different foods for breakfast and dinner separately. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U Test. To BMI values, it was found that 5.1% of children were underweight, 67.8% were healthy, 14.7% were overweight, 12.4% were obese. When food preferences were examined, no statistically significant difference was found between healthy food preferences and gender (U:38323.000; p:0.850), BMI (X2 : 1.843; p:0.606), and age (U:2882.000; p:0.850). More research is needed on how children's food preferences are shaped and the factors affecting these preferences.

References

  • Akder RN, Meseri R, Çakıroğlu FP (2018). Nutrition education for school-aged children. Journal of Ankara Health Sciences 7(2): 1-10.
  • Arlı M, Şanlıer N, Küçükkömürler S, Yaman M (2017). Anne ve çocuk beslenmesi: Pegem Atıf İndeksi.
  • Aslam I, Durrani AM (2018). A cross sectional study on food preferences among adolescents in schools of Aligarh city. International Journal of Applied Home Science 5(4): 805-810.
  • Ball GD, Savu A, Kaul P (2019). Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity between 2010 and 2017 in preschoolers: A population ‐based study. Pediatric Obesity 14(11): e12561.
  • Başkale H, Bahar Z (2011). Outcomes of nutrition knowledge and healthy food choices in 5-to 6-year-old children who received a nutrition intervention based on Piaget's theory. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing: JSPN 16(4): 263-279.
  • Benton D (2004). Role of parents in the determination of the food preferences of children and the development of obesity. International Journal of Obesity 28(7): 858-869.
  • Birch L, Savage JS, Ventura A (2007). Influences on the development of children's eating behaviours: from infancy to adolescence. Can J Diet Pract Res 68: S1-S56.
  • Birch LL (1998). Development of food acceptance patterns in the first years of life. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57(4): 617-624.
  • Birch LL, Fisher JO (1998). Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Appetite 3(4): 353-360.
  • Black MM, Hurley KM (2007). Helping children develop healthy eating habits. In: Tremblay RE, Barr RG, Peters RDeV and Boivin M (eds) Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development; pp.1-10.
  • Blissett J, Fogel A (2013). Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on children's acceptance of new foods. Physiology & Behavior 121: 89-95.
  • Brug J, Kremers SP, Van Lenthe F, Ball K, Crawford D (2008). Environmental determinants of healthy eating: in need of theory and evidence. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67(3): 307-316.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne R, Zhou Y, Perry R, Mauch C, Magarey A (2018). Beverage intake of Australian children and relationship with intake of fruit, vegetables, milk and body weight at 2, 3.7 and 5 years of age. Nutrition & Dietetics 75(2): 159-166.
  • Caine ‐Bish NL, Scheule B (2009). Gender differences in food preferences of school ‐aged children and adolescents. Journal of School Health 79(11): 532-540.
  • Carraway-Stage V, Spangler H, Borges M, Goodell LS (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite 75: 11-20.
  • Cooke L (2007). The importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 20(4): 294-301.
  • Cooke L, Higgins C, McCrann Ú (2017). Managing common feeding difficulties in toddlers and pre-school children. Paediatrics and Child Health 27(8): 366-370.
  • Cooke LJ, Wardle J (2005). Age and gender differences in children's food preferences. British Journal of Nutrition 93(5): 741-746.
  • De Lira-García C, Bacardí-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A (2012). Preferences of healthy and unhealthy foods among 3 to 4 year old children in Mexico. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21(1): 57-63.
  • De Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E (2010). Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92(5): 1257- 1264.
  • Drewnowski A, Mennella JA, Johnson SL, Bellisle F (2012). Sweetness and food preference. The Journal of Nutrition 142(6): 1142S-1148S.
  • Ek A, Nyström CD, Chirita-Emandi A, Tur JA, Nordin K, Bouzas C ..., Saez M (2019). A randomized controlled trial for overweight and obesity in preschoolers: the More and Less Europe study-an intervention within the STOP project. BMC Public Health 19(1): 945.
  • Faith M (2010). Development of child taste and food preferences. The role of exposure. In Agras WS (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Eating Disorders. Oxford University Press, pp.137-147.
  • Global Burden of Disease (GBD). 2015 Obesity Collaborators (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine 377(1): 13-27.
  • Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM (2010). Maternal feeding practices, child eating behaviour and body mass index in preschool-aged children: a prospective analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 7(1): 55. Guerrero AD, Mao C, Fuller B, Bridges M, Franke T, Kuo AA (2016). Racial and ethnic disparities in early childhood obesity: growth trajectories in body mass index. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 3(1): 129-137.
  • Guthrie CA, Rapoport L, Wardle J (2000). Young children's food preferences: a comparison of three modalities of food stimuli. Appetite 35(1): 73-77.
  • Hare-Bruun H, Nielsen BM, Kristensen PL, Møller NC, Togo P, Heitmann BL (2011). Television viewing, food preferences, and food habits among children: a prospective epidemiological study. BMC Public Health 11(1): 311.
  • Huang JY, Qi SJ (2015). Childhood obesity and food intake. World Journal of Pediatrics 11(2): 101-107.
  • Ji M, Tang A, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhou G, Deng J ..., Lin Q (2018). The relationship between obesity, sleep and physical activity in Chinese preschool children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(3): 527.
  • Johnson SL (2016). Developmental and environmental influences on young children's vegetable preferences and consumption. Advances in Nutrition 7(1): 220S-231S.
  • Kabaran S (2017). How can Early Life Flavor Experiences Affect Food Preferences? Journal of Current Pediatrics 15(1): 38-46.
  • Kabaran S, Mercanlıgil SM (2013). Assessment of the Children’s Nutrition Habits, Food Preferences and Obesity Status. Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 41(2): 115-123.
  • Karaağaoğlu N, Samur GE (2017). Anne ve çocuk beslenmesi: Pegem Atıf İndeksi.
  • Kerkez, Fİ (2018). 4-5 Yaş Çocukların Sağlıklı Besin Bilgisinin İncelenmesi. e-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 47-59.
  • Kermen S, Aktaç Ş (2018). Picky Eating and Risk Factors in Children. The Journal of Current Pediatrics16(3): 85-102.
  • Kimura S, Endo Y, Minamimae K, Kanzaki S, Hanaki K (2014). Gender differences in childhood food preference: evaluation using a subjective picture choice method. Pediatrics International 56(3): 389-394.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R (2019). Childhood obesity. Medicine 47(3): 190-194.
  • LaRowe TL, Moeller SM, Adams AK (2007). Beverage patterns, diet quality, and body mass index of US preschool and school-aged children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107(7): 1124-1133.
  • Levin KA (2006). Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evidence-Based Dentistry 7(1): 24- 25.
  • Lindholm A (2019). Overweight and Obesity in Preschool Children: Early Risk Factors and Early Identification PhD Thesis. Halmstad University, Halmstad.
  • Lytle LA, Seifert S, Greenstein J, McGovern P (2000). How do children's eating patterns and food choices change over time? Results from a cohort study. American Journal of Health Promotion 14(4): 222-228.
  • Marty L, Chambaron S, Nicklaus S, Monnery-Patris S (2018). Learned pleasure from eating: An opportunity to promote healthy eating in children? Appetite 120: 265-274.
  • Mavrovouniotis F (2012). Inactivity in childhood and adolescence: a modern lifestyle associated with adverse health consequences. Sport Science Review 21(3-4): 75-99.
  • Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP, Lipid, Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group (2018). Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Medical Science: AMS 14(6): 1185-1203.
  • Minossi V, Pellanda LC (2015). The “Happy Heart” educational program for changes in health habits in children and their families: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatrics 15(1): 1-10.
  • Mother Child Education Foundation (ACEV) (2017). Status of children aged 0-6 in Turkey, Retrieved from https://acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ilk6YilBilgiNotu.pdf
  • Nasreddine L, Shatila H, Itani L, Hwalla N, Jomaa L, Naja F (2019). A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Nutrition 58(1): 91-102.
  • Nicklas TA, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Cullen K, Rittenberry L, Olvera N (2001). Family and child-care provider influences on preschool children's fruit, juice, and vegetable consumption. Nutrition Reviews 59(7): 224-235.
  • Öztora S (2005). İlköğretim Çağındaki Çocuklarda Obezite Prevalansının Belirlenmesi ve Risk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması, Uzmanlık Tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Parizkova J (2009). Nutrition, physical activity, and health in early life. CRC Press.
  • Perez-Rodrigo C, Ribas L, Serra-Majem LL, Aranceta J (2003). Food preferences of Spanish children and young people: the enKid study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57(1): 45- 48.
  • Scaglioni S, De Cosmi V, Ciappolino V, Parazzini F, Brambilla P, Agostoni C (2018). Factors influencing children’s eating behaviours. Nutrients 10(6): 1-17.
  • Shin NY, Shin MS (2008). Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in obese Korean children. The Journal of Pediatrics 152(4): 502-506.
  • Sigman-Grant M, Byington TA, Lindsay AR, Lu M, Mobley AR, Fitzgerald N, Hildebrand D (2014). Preschoolers can distinguish between healthy and unhealthy foods: the all 4 kids study. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 46(2): 121-127.
  • Slaughter V, Ting C (2010). Development of ideas about food and nutrition from preschool to university. Appetite 55(3): 556-564.
  • Sorrie MB, Yesuf ME, GebreMichael TG (2017). Overweight/Obesity and associated factors among preschool children in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PloS One 12(8): 1-13.
  • Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1990). Pass the sugar, pass the salt: Experience dictates preference. Developmental Psychology 26(4): 546-551.
  • Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1994). Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics 93(2): 271-277.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2010). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2011). Türkiye’de Çocukların Durumu Raporu, https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/032.pdf
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2012). Türkiye’de Çocuk ve Genç Nüfusun Durumunun Analizi, https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/033.pdf
  • Ural A, Kılıç İ (2006). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi: SPSS 10.0-12.0 for windows. Detay yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ventura AK, Worobey J (2013). Early influences on the development of food preferences. Current Biology 23(9): 401-408.
  • Vollmer RL, Adamsons K, Foster JS, Mobley AR (2015). Association of fathers' feeding practices and feeding style on preschool age children's diet quality, eating behavior and body mass index. Appetite 89: 274-281.
  • Wardle J, Sanderson S, Gibson EL, Rapoport L (2001). Factor-analytic structure of food preferences in four-year-old children in the UK. Appetite 37(3): 217-223.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). Global Database on Body Mass Index. http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/
  • Worobey J, Worobey HS, Adler AL (2005). Diet, activity and BMI in preschool-aged children: differences across settings. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 44(6): 455-466.
  • Yörüsün TÖ, Koçyiğit E, İçer MA, Bozkurt O, Köksal E (2017). Healthy food and activity choice of preschool children and body weight. Journal of Gazi University Health Sciences Institute 4(3): 19-26.
  • Zarnowiecki D, Dollman J, Sinn N (2011). A tool for assessing healthy food knowledge in 5–6-year-old Australian children. Public Health Nutrition 14(7): 1177-1183.
  • Zeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Kok FJ, Dae Graaf C (2007). Cognitive development and children's perceptions of fruit and vegetables; a qualitative study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4(1): 30.
Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 213 - 223, 21.07.2021

Abstract

References

  • Akder RN, Meseri R, Çakıroğlu FP (2018). Nutrition education for school-aged children. Journal of Ankara Health Sciences 7(2): 1-10.
  • Arlı M, Şanlıer N, Küçükkömürler S, Yaman M (2017). Anne ve çocuk beslenmesi: Pegem Atıf İndeksi.
  • Aslam I, Durrani AM (2018). A cross sectional study on food preferences among adolescents in schools of Aligarh city. International Journal of Applied Home Science 5(4): 805-810.
  • Ball GD, Savu A, Kaul P (2019). Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity between 2010 and 2017 in preschoolers: A population ‐based study. Pediatric Obesity 14(11): e12561.
  • Başkale H, Bahar Z (2011). Outcomes of nutrition knowledge and healthy food choices in 5-to 6-year-old children who received a nutrition intervention based on Piaget's theory. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing: JSPN 16(4): 263-279.
  • Benton D (2004). Role of parents in the determination of the food preferences of children and the development of obesity. International Journal of Obesity 28(7): 858-869.
  • Birch L, Savage JS, Ventura A (2007). Influences on the development of children's eating behaviours: from infancy to adolescence. Can J Diet Pract Res 68: S1-S56.
  • Birch LL (1998). Development of food acceptance patterns in the first years of life. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57(4): 617-624.
  • Birch LL, Fisher JO (1998). Development of eating behaviors among children and adolescents. Appetite 3(4): 353-360.
  • Black MM, Hurley KM (2007). Helping children develop healthy eating habits. In: Tremblay RE, Barr RG, Peters RDeV and Boivin M (eds) Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Montreal, Quebec: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development; pp.1-10.
  • Blissett J, Fogel A (2013). Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on children's acceptance of new foods. Physiology & Behavior 121: 89-95.
  • Brug J, Kremers SP, Van Lenthe F, Ball K, Crawford D (2008). Environmental determinants of healthy eating: in need of theory and evidence. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67(3): 307-316.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş, Çakmak EK, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri: Pegem Akademi.
  • Byrne R, Zhou Y, Perry R, Mauch C, Magarey A (2018). Beverage intake of Australian children and relationship with intake of fruit, vegetables, milk and body weight at 2, 3.7 and 5 years of age. Nutrition & Dietetics 75(2): 159-166.
  • Caine ‐Bish NL, Scheule B (2009). Gender differences in food preferences of school ‐aged children and adolescents. Journal of School Health 79(11): 532-540.
  • Carraway-Stage V, Spangler H, Borges M, Goodell LS (2014). Evaluation of a pictorial method to assess liking of familiar fruits and vegetables among preschool children. Appetite 75: 11-20.
  • Cooke L (2007). The importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 20(4): 294-301.
  • Cooke L, Higgins C, McCrann Ú (2017). Managing common feeding difficulties in toddlers and pre-school children. Paediatrics and Child Health 27(8): 366-370.
  • Cooke LJ, Wardle J (2005). Age and gender differences in children's food preferences. British Journal of Nutrition 93(5): 741-746.
  • De Lira-García C, Bacardí-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A (2012). Preferences of healthy and unhealthy foods among 3 to 4 year old children in Mexico. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21(1): 57-63.
  • De Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E (2010). Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92(5): 1257- 1264.
  • Drewnowski A, Mennella JA, Johnson SL, Bellisle F (2012). Sweetness and food preference. The Journal of Nutrition 142(6): 1142S-1148S.
  • Ek A, Nyström CD, Chirita-Emandi A, Tur JA, Nordin K, Bouzas C ..., Saez M (2019). A randomized controlled trial for overweight and obesity in preschoolers: the More and Less Europe study-an intervention within the STOP project. BMC Public Health 19(1): 945.
  • Faith M (2010). Development of child taste and food preferences. The role of exposure. In Agras WS (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Eating Disorders. Oxford University Press, pp.137-147.
  • Global Burden of Disease (GBD). 2015 Obesity Collaborators (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine 377(1): 13-27.
  • Gregory JE, Paxton SJ, Brozovic AM (2010). Maternal feeding practices, child eating behaviour and body mass index in preschool-aged children: a prospective analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 7(1): 55. Guerrero AD, Mao C, Fuller B, Bridges M, Franke T, Kuo AA (2016). Racial and ethnic disparities in early childhood obesity: growth trajectories in body mass index. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 3(1): 129-137.
  • Guthrie CA, Rapoport L, Wardle J (2000). Young children's food preferences: a comparison of three modalities of food stimuli. Appetite 35(1): 73-77.
  • Hare-Bruun H, Nielsen BM, Kristensen PL, Møller NC, Togo P, Heitmann BL (2011). Television viewing, food preferences, and food habits among children: a prospective epidemiological study. BMC Public Health 11(1): 311.
  • Huang JY, Qi SJ (2015). Childhood obesity and food intake. World Journal of Pediatrics 11(2): 101-107.
  • Ji M, Tang A, Zhang Y, Zou J, Zhou G, Deng J ..., Lin Q (2018). The relationship between obesity, sleep and physical activity in Chinese preschool children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(3): 527.
  • Johnson SL (2016). Developmental and environmental influences on young children's vegetable preferences and consumption. Advances in Nutrition 7(1): 220S-231S.
  • Kabaran S (2017). How can Early Life Flavor Experiences Affect Food Preferences? Journal of Current Pediatrics 15(1): 38-46.
  • Kabaran S, Mercanlıgil SM (2013). Assessment of the Children’s Nutrition Habits, Food Preferences and Obesity Status. Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 41(2): 115-123.
  • Karaağaoğlu N, Samur GE (2017). Anne ve çocuk beslenmesi: Pegem Atıf İndeksi.
  • Kerkez, Fİ (2018). 4-5 Yaş Çocukların Sağlıklı Besin Bilgisinin İncelenmesi. e-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 47-59.
  • Kermen S, Aktaç Ş (2018). Picky Eating and Risk Factors in Children. The Journal of Current Pediatrics16(3): 85-102.
  • Kimura S, Endo Y, Minamimae K, Kanzaki S, Hanaki K (2014). Gender differences in childhood food preference: evaluation using a subjective picture choice method. Pediatrics International 56(3): 389-394.
  • Lanigan J, Tee L, Brandreth R (2019). Childhood obesity. Medicine 47(3): 190-194.
  • LaRowe TL, Moeller SM, Adams AK (2007). Beverage patterns, diet quality, and body mass index of US preschool and school-aged children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107(7): 1124-1133.
  • Levin KA (2006). Study design III: Cross-sectional studies. Evidence-Based Dentistry 7(1): 24- 25.
  • Lindholm A (2019). Overweight and Obesity in Preschool Children: Early Risk Factors and Early Identification PhD Thesis. Halmstad University, Halmstad.
  • Lytle LA, Seifert S, Greenstein J, McGovern P (2000). How do children's eating patterns and food choices change over time? Results from a cohort study. American Journal of Health Promotion 14(4): 222-228.
  • Marty L, Chambaron S, Nicklaus S, Monnery-Patris S (2018). Learned pleasure from eating: An opportunity to promote healthy eating in children? Appetite 120: 265-274.
  • Mavrovouniotis F (2012). Inactivity in childhood and adolescence: a modern lifestyle associated with adverse health consequences. Sport Science Review 21(3-4): 75-99.
  • Mazidi M, Banach M, Kengne AP, Lipid, Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration Group (2018). Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Medical Science: AMS 14(6): 1185-1203.
  • Minossi V, Pellanda LC (2015). The “Happy Heart” educational program for changes in health habits in children and their families: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatrics 15(1): 1-10.
  • Mother Child Education Foundation (ACEV) (2017). Status of children aged 0-6 in Turkey, Retrieved from https://acev.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ilk6YilBilgiNotu.pdf
  • Nasreddine L, Shatila H, Itani L, Hwalla N, Jomaa L, Naja F (2019). A traditional dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Nutrition 58(1): 91-102.
  • Nicklas TA, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Cullen K, Rittenberry L, Olvera N (2001). Family and child-care provider influences on preschool children's fruit, juice, and vegetable consumption. Nutrition Reviews 59(7): 224-235.
  • Öztora S (2005). İlköğretim Çağındaki Çocuklarda Obezite Prevalansının Belirlenmesi ve Risk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması, Uzmanlık Tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Parizkova J (2009). Nutrition, physical activity, and health in early life. CRC Press.
  • Perez-Rodrigo C, Ribas L, Serra-Majem LL, Aranceta J (2003). Food preferences of Spanish children and young people: the enKid study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57(1): 45- 48.
  • Scaglioni S, De Cosmi V, Ciappolino V, Parazzini F, Brambilla P, Agostoni C (2018). Factors influencing children’s eating behaviours. Nutrients 10(6): 1-17.
  • Shin NY, Shin MS (2008). Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in obese Korean children. The Journal of Pediatrics 152(4): 502-506.
  • Sigman-Grant M, Byington TA, Lindsay AR, Lu M, Mobley AR, Fitzgerald N, Hildebrand D (2014). Preschoolers can distinguish between healthy and unhealthy foods: the all 4 kids study. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 46(2): 121-127.
  • Slaughter V, Ting C (2010). Development of ideas about food and nutrition from preschool to university. Appetite 55(3): 556-564.
  • Sorrie MB, Yesuf ME, GebreMichael TG (2017). Overweight/Obesity and associated factors among preschool children in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PloS One 12(8): 1-13.
  • Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1990). Pass the sugar, pass the salt: Experience dictates preference. Developmental Psychology 26(4): 546-551.
  • Sullivan SA, Birch LL (1994). Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics 93(2): 271-277.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2010). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2011). Türkiye’de Çocukların Durumu Raporu, https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/032.pdf
  • United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) (2012). Türkiye’de Çocuk ve Genç Nüfusun Durumunun Analizi, https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ois/egitim/033.pdf
  • Ural A, Kılıç İ (2006). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi: SPSS 10.0-12.0 for windows. Detay yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ventura AK, Worobey J (2013). Early influences on the development of food preferences. Current Biology 23(9): 401-408.
  • Vollmer RL, Adamsons K, Foster JS, Mobley AR (2015). Association of fathers' feeding practices and feeding style on preschool age children's diet quality, eating behavior and body mass index. Appetite 89: 274-281.
  • Wardle J, Sanderson S, Gibson EL, Rapoport L (2001). Factor-analytic structure of food preferences in four-year-old children in the UK. Appetite 37(3): 217-223.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2007). Global Database on Body Mass Index. http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/
  • Worobey J, Worobey HS, Adler AL (2005). Diet, activity and BMI in preschool-aged children: differences across settings. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 44(6): 455-466.
  • Yörüsün TÖ, Koçyiğit E, İçer MA, Bozkurt O, Köksal E (2017). Healthy food and activity choice of preschool children and body weight. Journal of Gazi University Health Sciences Institute 4(3): 19-26.
  • Zarnowiecki D, Dollman J, Sinn N (2011). A tool for assessing healthy food knowledge in 5–6-year-old Australian children. Public Health Nutrition 14(7): 1177-1183.
  • Zeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Kok FJ, Dae Graaf C (2007). Cognitive development and children's perceptions of fruit and vegetables; a qualitative study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4(1): 30.
There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma İlker Kerkez 0000-0002-5485-1834

Derya Sakallı 0000-0001-9039-9905

Publication Date July 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kerkez, F. İ., & Sakallı, D. (2021). Physical Activity and Healthy Food Preference in Turkish Preschool Children. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 9(2), 213-223.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).