Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 81 - 97, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.368465

Abstract

References

  • Akdoğan, R. (2016). A holistic approach to cope with depression and hope-lessness for parents of special ne-eds children. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 8(2), 134-150.
  • Akkök, F. (1994). An overview of parent training and counseling with the parents of children with mental disabilities and autism in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 17(2), 129-138.
  • Akkök, F., Aşkar, P., & Karancı, N. (1992). Özürlü bir çocuğa sahip an-ne babalardaki stresin yordanması. Journal of Special Education, 1(2), 8-12.
  • Beck, A.T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Cli-nical Psychology, 42(6), 861- 865.
  • Boyd, B. A. (2002). Examining the relati-onship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabili-ties, 17(4), 208-215.
  • Case S. (2000). Refocusing on the pa-rent: What are the social issues of concern for parents of disabled child-ren? Disability and Society, 15, 271-292.
  • Corey, G. (2015). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Nel-son Education.
  • Coşkun, Y. & Akkaş, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğu olan annelerin sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Kırşehir Eğitim Fa-kültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 213-227.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Appro-aches. London: SAGE Publication.
  • Çatalbaş, M., Manav, G., & Ocakci, A. F. (2015). Kalp hastalığı olan down sendromlu çocukların ebeveynlerinin umutsuzluk düzeylerine aile merkezli hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(3), 154-161.
  • Danış, M. Z. (2006). Zihinsel engelli ço-cuğa sahip annelerin yaşadığı duy-gular, çocuklarının geleceğe ilişkin düşünceleri ve umutsuzluk düzeyle-ri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 17(2), 91-107.
  • Durak, A. (1993). Beck umutsuzluk ölçe-ği’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi. An-kara Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Ens-titusu, Ankara.
  • Duran, S. & Barlas, G. Ü. (2014). Zihinsel engelli bireylerin ebeveynlerinin öz-nel iyi oluş, öz duyarlık ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Mersin Üni-versitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 69-79.
  • Eker, D. & Arkar, H. (1995). Perceived social support: psychometric proper-ties of the MSPSS in normal and pathological groups in a developing country. Social Psychiatry and Psyc-hiatric Epidemiology, 30(3), 121-126.
  • Fortier L. M. & Wanlass R. L. (1984). Fa-mily crisis following the diagnosis of a handicapped child. Family Relations, 33, 13-24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/584585. Accessed 2015 Jul 21.
  • Gibson, C. H. (1995) The process of em-powerment in mothers of chronically ill children. Journal of Advanced Nur-sing, 21(6), 1201–1210.
  • Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory. NY: HarperCollins.
  • Glasser, W. (2000). Reality therapy in action. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Glasser, W. (2004). A new vision for co-unseling. The Family Journey, 12(4), 339-341.
  • Glasser, W. (2005). Defining mental he-alth as a public health problem. Chatsworth, CA: William Glasser, Inc.
  • Harrison, T. & Stuifbergen, A. (2002). Disability, social support, and con-cern for children: depression in mot-hers with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neona-tal Nursing, 31(4), 444-453.
  • Hung, J. W., Wu, Y. H., & Yeh, C. H. (2004). Comparing stress levels of parents of children with cancer and parents of children with physical di-sabilities. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(12), 898-903.
  • Ivey, A. E., Ivey, M.B., Myers, J.E., & Sweeney, T.J., (2013). Gelişimsel psikolojik danışma ve terapi: Yaşam boyu iyilik halini arttırmak. F. K. Owen, Trans Ed. Ankara: Türk PDRDER Yayınları.
  • Jahoda, A. & Markova, I. (2004). Coping with social stigma: people with intel-lectual disabilities moving from insti-tutions and family home.” Journal of Intellectual Disability, 48(8), 719-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00561.x.
  • Karadag, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile ai-leden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventi-ve Medicine Bulletin, 8(4): 315-322.
  • Kroeger, K. & Sorensen, R. (2010). A parent training model for toilet trai-ning children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Rese-arch, 54(6), 556-567.
  • Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York, NY: Macmillan Press.
  • Lewis, J. (1972). Effect of group procesu-rewith parents of MR children. Mental Retardation,10(6), 14-15.
  • Norizan, A. & Shamsuddin, K. (2010). Predictors of parenting stress among Malaysian mothers of children with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellec-tual Disability Research, 54(11), 992-1003.
  • Öner, N. & Le Compte, A. (1998). Sürek-siz Durumluk / Sürekli Kaygı Envan-teri el Kitabı. (2. Basım) İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi. Yayınları.
  • Powers, W.T (1973). Behavior: The cont-rol of perception. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Robey, P., Burdenski, T. K., Britzman, M., Crowell, J., & Cisse, G. S. (2011). Systemic applications of choice the-ory and reality therapy: An interview with Glasser scholars. The Family Journal, 19(4), 427-433.
  • Seber, G. (1991). Beck umutsuzluk ölçe-ğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği üzerine bir çalışma. Yayımlanmamış docent-lik tezi. Anadolu Universitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitusu, Eskişehir.
  • Sevindik, F., Deveci, E., Demirok, A., & Açık, Y. (2006). Engelli çocuğu olan kadınların demografik, psikosoyal ve engelli çocuğa ait doğumsal özellikle-rinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum Dergisi, 16(38), 47.
  • Sharf, R.S. (2012). Theories of psychot-herapy and counseling: Consept and cases (5th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning Products.
  • Simsek, T. T., Taşçı, M., & Karabulut, D. (2015). Desire to have other children in families with a chronically disabled child and its effect on the relations-hip of the parents. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 50(3), 163.
  • Soltani, A., Afshari, R., & Bahredar, M. J. (2016). The effect of Reality Therapy on marital satisfaction of married women employed at Shiraz Univer-sity of Medical Sciences. Internatio-nal Journal of Basic Sciences & App-lied Research, 5(3), 192-197.
  • Sommers-Flanagan, J. & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2015). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in con-text and practice: Skills, strategies, and techniques. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Test Ma-nual). Palo Alto, California: Consul-ting Psychologists Press. Şen, E, & Yurtsever, S. (2007). Difficul-ties experienced by families with di-sabled children. Journal for Specia-lists in Pediatric Nursing, 12(4), 238-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2007.00119.x. Accessed 2015 Apr 11.
  • Taanila, A., Syrjälä, L., Kokkonen, J., & Järvelin, M. R. (2002). Coping of pa-rents with physically and/or intellec-tually disabled children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 28(1), 73-86.
  • Trigonaki, N. (2002). Parents of children with autism and five basic needs. In-ternational Journal of Reality The-rapy, 21(2), 13-14.
  • Üskün, E. & Gündoğar, D. (2010). The levels of stress, depression and anxiety of parents of disabled child-ren in Turkey. Disability and Rehabili-tation, 32(23), 1917-1927.
  • Veisson, M. (1999). Depression symp-toms and emotional states in parents of disabled and nondisabled child-ren. Social Behavior and Personality, 27(2), 87-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.1.87.
  • Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6(1), 115-130.
  • Witcher AE. (1987). The process of grief as experienced by parents of child-ren with handicaps. ERIC 1987:1-14. fi-les.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED320369.pdf. Accessed 2016 Feb 02.
  • Wubbolding, R. (2000). Reality therapy for the 21st century. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
  • Wubbolding, R. E. (2010). Reality the-rapy. Washington: American Psycho-logical Association.
  • Wubbolding, R. E. (2011). Reality the-rapy: Theories of psychotherapy se-ries. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Wubbolding, R. E., Brickell, J., Imhof, L., Kim, R. I. Z., Lojk, L., & Al-Rashidi, B. (2004). Reality therapy: A global perspective. International Journal for the Advancement of Counse-ling, 26(3), 219-228.
  • Zibricky, C. D. (2014). New knowledge about motherhood: An auto ethnog-raphy on raising a disabled child. Journal of Family Studies, 20(1), 39-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2014.20.1.39.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidi-mensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality As-sessment, 52(1), 30-41.
  • Toros, F. (2002). Zihinsel ve/veya beden-sel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon, evlilik uyumu-nun ve çocuğu algılama şeklinin de-ğerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Jo-urnal of Psychiatry, 3(2), 45-52.

The Process of Group Counseling Based on Reality Therapy Applied to the Parents of Disabled Children

Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 81 - 97, 31.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.368465

Abstract





















The aim of this study was to use a Reality
Therapy approach to identify the psychological difficulties and the
psychological support requirements of the parents of disabled children and to
develop a group counseling program with a group to meet these requirements, and
then to experimentally assess the effect of the program on the hopelessness,
and state and trait anxiety levels of the parents and their perceptions of
social support. A total of 32 parents of disabled children voluntarily
participated in the study, comprising 27 females and 5 males. The study
consisted of 2 stages, the first of which was applied as semi-structured
interviews within the framework of qualitative research. On a theoretical basis
and the findings obtained from the interviews were developed into the Reality
Therapy-Based Group Counseling Program (RTGCP). In the second stage of the
study, the effect on dependent variables of the RTGCP was tested with a 2 x 2
design on 20 female volunteers from the 32 participants. The findings showed
that the RTGCP had a statistically significant effect on the increase in
multiple perceptions of social support (z= -2.67; p< 0.05) and the decrease
in state anxiety levels (U=16.00; p<0.05).
    

References

  • Akdoğan, R. (2016). A holistic approach to cope with depression and hope-lessness for parents of special ne-eds children. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 8(2), 134-150.
  • Akkök, F. (1994). An overview of parent training and counseling with the parents of children with mental disabilities and autism in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 17(2), 129-138.
  • Akkök, F., Aşkar, P., & Karancı, N. (1992). Özürlü bir çocuğa sahip an-ne babalardaki stresin yordanması. Journal of Special Education, 1(2), 8-12.
  • Beck, A.T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Cli-nical Psychology, 42(6), 861- 865.
  • Boyd, B. A. (2002). Examining the relati-onship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabili-ties, 17(4), 208-215.
  • Case S. (2000). Refocusing on the pa-rent: What are the social issues of concern for parents of disabled child-ren? Disability and Society, 15, 271-292.
  • Corey, G. (2015). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Nel-son Education.
  • Coşkun, Y. & Akkaş, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğu olan annelerin sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ile sosyal destek algıları arasındaki ilişki. Kırşehir Eğitim Fa-kültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 213-227.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Appro-aches. London: SAGE Publication.
  • Çatalbaş, M., Manav, G., & Ocakci, A. F. (2015). Kalp hastalığı olan down sendromlu çocukların ebeveynlerinin umutsuzluk düzeylerine aile merkezli hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(3), 154-161.
  • Danış, M. Z. (2006). Zihinsel engelli ço-cuğa sahip annelerin yaşadığı duy-gular, çocuklarının geleceğe ilişkin düşünceleri ve umutsuzluk düzeyle-ri. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 17(2), 91-107.
  • Durak, A. (1993). Beck umutsuzluk ölçe-ği’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Yayınlanmış yüksek lisans tezi. An-kara Universitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Ens-titusu, Ankara.
  • Duran, S. & Barlas, G. Ü. (2014). Zihinsel engelli bireylerin ebeveynlerinin öz-nel iyi oluş, öz duyarlık ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Mersin Üni-versitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 69-79.
  • Eker, D. & Arkar, H. (1995). Perceived social support: psychometric proper-ties of the MSPSS in normal and pathological groups in a developing country. Social Psychiatry and Psyc-hiatric Epidemiology, 30(3), 121-126.
  • Fortier L. M. & Wanlass R. L. (1984). Fa-mily crisis following the diagnosis of a handicapped child. Family Relations, 33, 13-24. http://www.jstor.org/stable/584585. Accessed 2015 Jul 21.
  • Gibson, C. H. (1995) The process of em-powerment in mothers of chronically ill children. Journal of Advanced Nur-sing, 21(6), 1201–1210.
  • Glasser, W. (1998). Choice theory. NY: HarperCollins.
  • Glasser, W. (2000). Reality therapy in action. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
  • Glasser, W. (2004). A new vision for co-unseling. The Family Journey, 12(4), 339-341.
  • Glasser, W. (2005). Defining mental he-alth as a public health problem. Chatsworth, CA: William Glasser, Inc.
  • Harrison, T. & Stuifbergen, A. (2002). Disability, social support, and con-cern for children: depression in mot-hers with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neona-tal Nursing, 31(4), 444-453.
  • Hung, J. W., Wu, Y. H., & Yeh, C. H. (2004). Comparing stress levels of parents of children with cancer and parents of children with physical di-sabilities. Psycho‐Oncology, 13(12), 898-903.
  • Ivey, A. E., Ivey, M.B., Myers, J.E., & Sweeney, T.J., (2013). Gelişimsel psikolojik danışma ve terapi: Yaşam boyu iyilik halini arttırmak. F. K. Owen, Trans Ed. Ankara: Türk PDRDER Yayınları.
  • Jahoda, A. & Markova, I. (2004). Coping with social stigma: people with intel-lectual disabilities moving from insti-tutions and family home.” Journal of Intellectual Disability, 48(8), 719-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2003.00561.x.
  • Karadag, G. (2009). Engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin yaşadıkları güçlükler ile ai-leden algıladıkları sosyal destek ve umutsuzluk düzeyleri. TAF Preventi-ve Medicine Bulletin, 8(4): 315-322.
  • Kroeger, K. & Sorensen, R. (2010). A parent training model for toilet trai-ning children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Rese-arch, 54(6), 556-567.
  • Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York, NY: Macmillan Press.
  • Lewis, J. (1972). Effect of group procesu-rewith parents of MR children. Mental Retardation,10(6), 14-15.
  • Norizan, A. & Shamsuddin, K. (2010). Predictors of parenting stress among Malaysian mothers of children with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellec-tual Disability Research, 54(11), 992-1003.
  • Öner, N. & Le Compte, A. (1998). Sürek-siz Durumluk / Sürekli Kaygı Envan-teri el Kitabı. (2. Basım) İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi. Yayınları.
  • Powers, W.T (1973). Behavior: The cont-rol of perception. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Robey, P., Burdenski, T. K., Britzman, M., Crowell, J., & Cisse, G. S. (2011). Systemic applications of choice the-ory and reality therapy: An interview with Glasser scholars. The Family Journal, 19(4), 427-433.
  • Seber, G. (1991). Beck umutsuzluk ölçe-ğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği üzerine bir çalışma. Yayımlanmamış docent-lik tezi. Anadolu Universitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitusu, Eskişehir.
  • Sevindik, F., Deveci, E., Demirok, A., & Açık, Y. (2006). Engelli çocuğu olan kadınların demografik, psikosoyal ve engelli çocuğa ait doğumsal özellikle-rinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum Dergisi, 16(38), 47.
  • Sharf, R.S. (2012). Theories of psychot-herapy and counseling: Consept and cases (5th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning Products.
  • Simsek, T. T., Taşçı, M., & Karabulut, D. (2015). Desire to have other children in families with a chronically disabled child and its effect on the relations-hip of the parents. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 50(3), 163.
  • Soltani, A., Afshari, R., & Bahredar, M. J. (2016). The effect of Reality Therapy on marital satisfaction of married women employed at Shiraz Univer-sity of Medical Sciences. Internatio-nal Journal of Basic Sciences & App-lied Research, 5(3), 192-197.
  • Sommers-Flanagan, J. & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2015). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in con-text and practice: Skills, strategies, and techniques. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Test Ma-nual). Palo Alto, California: Consul-ting Psychologists Press. Şen, E, & Yurtsever, S. (2007). Difficul-ties experienced by families with di-sabled children. Journal for Specia-lists in Pediatric Nursing, 12(4), 238-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2007.00119.x. Accessed 2015 Apr 11.
  • Taanila, A., Syrjälä, L., Kokkonen, J., & Järvelin, M. R. (2002). Coping of pa-rents with physically and/or intellec-tually disabled children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 28(1), 73-86.
  • Trigonaki, N. (2002). Parents of children with autism and five basic needs. In-ternational Journal of Reality The-rapy, 21(2), 13-14.
  • Üskün, E. & Gündoğar, D. (2010). The levels of stress, depression and anxiety of parents of disabled child-ren in Turkey. Disability and Rehabili-tation, 32(23), 1917-1927.
  • Veisson, M. (1999). Depression symp-toms and emotional states in parents of disabled and nondisabled child-ren. Social Behavior and Personality, 27(2), 87-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.1.87.
  • Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation. Autism, 6(1), 115-130.
  • Witcher AE. (1987). The process of grief as experienced by parents of child-ren with handicaps. ERIC 1987:1-14. fi-les.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED320369.pdf. Accessed 2016 Feb 02.
  • Wubbolding, R. (2000). Reality therapy for the 21st century. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
  • Wubbolding, R. E. (2010). Reality the-rapy. Washington: American Psycho-logical Association.
  • Wubbolding, R. E. (2011). Reality the-rapy: Theories of psychotherapy se-ries. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Wubbolding, R. E., Brickell, J., Imhof, L., Kim, R. I. Z., Lojk, L., & Al-Rashidi, B. (2004). Reality therapy: A global perspective. International Journal for the Advancement of Counse-ling, 26(3), 219-228.
  • Zibricky, C. D. (2014). New knowledge about motherhood: An auto ethnog-raphy on raising a disabled child. Journal of Family Studies, 20(1), 39-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jfs.2014.20.1.39.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidi-mensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality As-sessment, 52(1), 30-41.
  • Toros, F. (2002). Zihinsel ve/veya beden-sel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon, evlilik uyumu-nun ve çocuğu algılama şeklinin de-ğerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Jo-urnal of Psychiatry, 3(2), 45-52.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gamze Ülker Tümlü

Ramazan Akdoğan

Ayşe Sibel Türküm This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tümlü, G. Ü., Akdoğan, R., & Türküm, A. S. (2017). The Process of Group Counseling Based on Reality Therapy Applied to the Parents of Disabled Children. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 9(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.20489/intjecse.368465