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THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON ETHICAL CODES PRACTICES

Year 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 563 - 573, 01.12.2017

Bekir Kul

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of ethical leadership and ethical climate perceptions on the ethical codes practices of public and private sector organizations. The population of the study is 332. The sample of the study consists of the personnel of the "General Administrative Services Class" in the central organization of the Ministry of National Education MoNE , the personnel of "Educational Services Class" in the provincial organization of the same ministry and the employees working in private sector organizations in Istanbul and Ankara. In order to test the research hypotheses determined for the purpose of the research, theoretical prediction and conceptual framework, it was decided to obtain the data from the primary data source and the survey method was chosen as the data collection tool. After the literature review, the questionnaire including the adapted / developed scales suitable for the use of relevant variables was examined by experts and pre-test work was carried out in the central organization of the MoNE. The study was conducted between November 2015 and December 2016. Data were collected with ethical climate, ethical leadership and ethical code practices scales. The data is reported with using multiple regression and path analysis. As a result of statistical analysis, three main results were found. First one ethical climate, it is positively related ethical leadership and ethical codes of practice. Second is that ethical leadership behavior is impact on ethical code practices. In the study, unexpectedly it has been found that ethical climate is not effective on ethical codes practices

Keywords

Ethical Climate Ethical Leadership Ethical Codes

References

  • Adams J. S., Tashchian A., & Stone T. H. (2001). Codes of ethics as signals for ethical behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 29, pp. 199-211.
  • Akdogan, A., & Demirtas, O. (2015). The Effect of Ethical Leadership Behavior on Ethical Climate, Turnover Intention, and Affective Commitment., Journal of Business Ethics, 130 (1):59-67.
  • Bass B., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, Character and Authentic Transformational Leadership Behaviour, The Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2),181-217.
  • Berenbeim R.E. (1988). Ethics codes and educational programs, Security Management, 32 (10): 91-97.
  • Blodgett, M.S., & Carlson, P.J. (1997). Corporate Ethics Codes: A Practical Application of Liability Prevention, Journal of Business Ethics,16:1363.
  • Brenner S. N., & Molander E. A. (1977). Is the ethics of business changing?, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 55, pp. 57-76.
  • Brown M., Trevino L. K., & Harrsion D. A. (2005). Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing, Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, V. XCVII, No:1.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem-A Yayınları.
  • Byrne B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Byrne Z. S., & Wayne A. H. (2007). Perceived Organizational Support and Performance Relationships Across levels of Organizational Cynicism, Journal of Managerial Psychology, S.1.
  • Callaghan M., Lee T., Donmez D., Aydınlık A.U., Svensson G., & Wood G. (2009). Implementation, communication and the benefits of corporate codes of ethics in Taiwan and Turkey A comparison across contexts, European Business Review 21 (3), 278-298.
  • Cassell C., Johnson P., & Smith K., (1997). Opening the black box: Corporate codes of ethics in their organizational context, Journal of Business Ethics; Jul 1997; 16, 10; pg. 1077
  • Chadwick R. (1998). Professional Ethics, In: E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge.
  • Colwell, S. R., Zephyr, M. J., & Schminke, M. (2011). When does ethical code enforcement matter in the inter- organizational context? The moderating role of switching costs. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 47-58.
  • Cullen J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Victor B. (2003). The Effects of Ethical Climates on Organizational Commitment: A Two-Study Analysis, Journal of Business Ethics 46(2), 127–141.
  • DeConinck J. B., DeConinck M. B., & Moss H. K. (2016). The Relationship among Ethical Leadership, Ethical Climate, Supervisory Trust, and Moral Judgment, Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Volume 20, Number 3, 201
  • Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment, Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 59-67.
  • Drucker P. (2011). Managing in a Time of Great Change, Harvard Business Press
  • Elçi M., & Alpkan L. (2009). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Ethical Climate on Work Satisfaction, Journal of Business Ethics 84, 297–311.
  • Farrell, B. J., Cobbin, D. M., & Farrell, H. M. (2002). Can codes of ethics really produce consistent behaviours?, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(6), 468–490.
  • Frederick W. C., Davis K., & Post J. E. (1988). Business and Society, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson R. L. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, NJ.
  • Hansen S. D. (2011). Ethical leadership: A multifoci social exchange perspective, The Journal of Business, 10(1), 41-55.
  • Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, London: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hosmer L. T. (1991). The ethics of management, 2nd ed, Boston, Irwin Homewood.
  • Kang J. (2009). Antecedents and Consequences of Ethical Leadership of Public Relations Practitioners, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Alabama.
  • Karasar N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kohut G. F., & Corriher S. E. (1994). The relationship of age, gender, experience and awareness of written ethics policies to business decision making, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 59, pp. 32-3.
  • Langlois C. C., & Schlegelmilch B. B. (1990). Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect National Character? Evidence from Europe and the United States, Journal of International Business Studies 21(4), 519–539.
  • Lee, Y., Choi, J., Moon, B., & Babin, B. J. (2014). Codes of ethics, corporate philanthropy, and employee responses, In International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 39, 2014, Pages 97-106.
  • Lere, J. C., & Gaumnitz, B. R. (2003). The Impact of Codes of Ethics on Decision Making: Some insights from information economics, Journal of Business Ethics, 48 (4), 365-379.
  • Mayer, D., Kuenzi, M., & Greenbaum, R. (2010). Examining the link between ethical leadership and employee misconduct: The mediating role of ethical climate, Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 7-16.
  • McKendall, M., DeMarr, B., & Jones-Rikkers, C. (2002). Ethical compliance programs and corporate illegality: Testing the assumptions of the corporate sentencing guidelines”, Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 367-83.
  • Melrose-Woodman J., & Kverndal I., (1976). Towards social responsibility: company codes of ethics and practice, Liverpool, British Institute of Management.
  • Montoya I. D., & Richard A. J., (1994). A comparative study of codes of ethics in health care facilities and energy companies, Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 13, Issue 9, pp 713–717.
  • Neubert, M. J., D. S. Carlson, K. M. Kacmar, J. A. Roberts & Chonko, L. B. (2009). The Virtuous Influence of Ethical Leadership Behavior: Evidence from the Field, Journal of Business Ethics 90, 157–170.
  • Neubert, M., Carlson, D., Kacmar, K. M., Roberts, J., & Chonko, L. (2009). The virtuous influence of ethical leadership behavior: Evidence from the field.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 157-170.
  • Newberg, Andrew B., & Bruce, Y. L. (2005). The Neuroscientific Study of Religious and Spiritual Phenomena: Or Why God Doesn’t Use Biostatistics. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 40 (June): 469-489.
  • O’Dwyer, B., & Madden, G. (2006). Ethical Codes of Conduct in Irish Companies: A Survey of Code Content and Enforcement Procedures, Journal of Business Ethics, 63(3), 217-236.
  • Pajo K., & McGhee P. (2003). The institutionalisation of business ethics: Are New Zealand organisations doing enough?, Journal of Management & Organization, 9(1): 5265.
  • Palanski M. E., & Yammarino F. J. (2007). Integrity and leadership; A multi-level conceptual framework”. The Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2),181-217, 20, 405-420.
  • Pearch J., & David F. R. (1987). Corporate Mission Statement: The Bottom Line, Academy of Management Executive, 1.
  • Peppas, S. C. (2003). Attitudes toward codes of ethics: The Effects of corporate misconduct, Management Research News, 26 (6), 77-90.
  • Piccolo R. F., Greenbaum R., Den Hartog D. N., & Folger, R. (2010). The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Core Job Characteristics, Journal of Organizational Behavior 31, 259–278
  • Resick C. J., Hanges, P. J., Dickson, M. W., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2006). A cross cultural examination of the endorsement of ethical leadership, Journal of Business Ethics, 2006, 345-359.
  • Robbins S. P., & Judge T. A.. (2012). Organizational Behavior, 15th ed., Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodnessof- Fit Measures, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodnessof- Fit Measures, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schwartz, M. (2004). Effective Corporate Codes of Ethics: Perceptions of Code Users, Journal of Business Ethics 55(4), 323–343.
  • Schwartz, M. S. (2001). The nature of the relationship between corporate codes of ethics and behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 32, 247–262.
  • Schwepker C. H. (2001). Ethical Climate’s Relationship to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intentions In The Sales force, Journal of Business Research. 54, 39-52.
  • Schwepker, C. H. Jr., Ferrell, O. C., & Ingram, T. N. (1997). The Influence of Ethical Climate on Role Stress in the Sales Force, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25, 99–108.
  • Snell R. S., Herndon N. C. Jr. (2004). Hong Kong’s code of ethics initiative: some differences between theory and practice”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 51, pp. 75-89.
  • Steinberg, S. S. & Austern, D. T. (1990). Government, ethics, and managers: A guide to solving ethical dilemmas in the public sector. Westport, CT:Praeder.
  • Stevens B. (1994). An Analysis of Corporate Ethical Code Studies: Where Do We Go From Here, Journal of Business Ethics, 13: 63-69.
  • Toor S. R., & Ogunlana S. O. (2008b). Leadership skills and competencies for cross-cultural construction projects, International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 8(3): 192–215.
  • Toor S., & Ofori G. (2009). Ethical Leadership: Examining the Relationships with Full Range Leadership Model, Employee Outcomes, and Organizational Culture, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 90, pp.533–547.
  • Trevino L. K. (1986). Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model, 11/3,601-617.
  • Trevino L. K., & Brown, M. E. (2004). Managing to be ethical: debunking Şve business ethics myths. Academy of Management Executive, 18:2, 69–81.
  • Victor B., & Cullen J. B. (1987). A Theory and Measure of Ethical Climate in Organizations, Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy 9, 51-71.
  • Victor B., & Cullen J. B. (1988). The Organizational Bases of Ethical Climates, Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 101-125
  • Weller S. (1988). The effectiveness of corporate codes of ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 7, pp. 389-95.

THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON ETHICAL CODES PRACTICES

Year 2017, ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı, 563 - 573, 01.12.2017

Bekir Kul

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of ethical leadership and ethical climate perceptions on the ethical codes practices of public and private sector organizations. The population of the study is 332. The sample of the study consists of the personnel of the "General Administrative Services Class" in the central organization of the Ministry of National Education MoNE , the personnel of "Educational Services Class" in the provincial organization of the same ministry and the employees working in private sector organizations in Istanbul and Ankara. In order to test the research hypotheses determined for the purpose of the research, theoretical prediction and conceptual framework, it was decided to obtain the data from the primary data source and the survey method was chosen as the data collection tool. After the literature review, the questionnaire including the adapted / developed scales suitable for the use of relevant variables was examined by experts and pre-test work was carried out in the central organization of the MoNE. The study was conducted between November 2015 and December 2016. Data were collected with ethical climate, ethical leadership and ethical code practices scales. The data is reported with using multiple regression and path analysis. As a result of statistical analysis, three main results were found. First one ethical climate, it is positively related ethical leadership and ethical codes of practice. Second is that ethical leadership behavior is impact on ethical code practices. In the study, unexpectedly it has been found that ethical climate is not effective on ethical codes practices.

Keywords

leadership climate ethical

References

  • Adams J. S., Tashchian A., & Stone T. H. (2001). Codes of ethics as signals for ethical behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 29, pp. 199-211.
  • Akdogan, A., & Demirtas, O. (2015). The Effect of Ethical Leadership Behavior on Ethical Climate, Turnover Intention, and Affective Commitment., Journal of Business Ethics, 130 (1):59-67.
  • Bass B., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, Character and Authentic Transformational Leadership Behaviour, The Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2),181-217.
  • Berenbeim R.E. (1988). Ethics codes and educational programs, Security Management, 32 (10): 91-97.
  • Blodgett, M.S., & Carlson, P.J. (1997). Corporate Ethics Codes: A Practical Application of Liability Prevention, Journal of Business Ethics,16:1363.
  • Brenner S. N., & Molander E. A. (1977). Is the ethics of business changing?, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 55, pp. 57-76.
  • Brown M., Trevino L. K., & Harrsion D. A. (2005). Ethical Leadership: A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing, Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, V. XCVII, No:1.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem-A Yayınları.
  • Byrne B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Byrne Z. S., & Wayne A. H. (2007). Perceived Organizational Support and Performance Relationships Across levels of Organizational Cynicism, Journal of Managerial Psychology, S.1.
  • Callaghan M., Lee T., Donmez D., Aydınlık A.U., Svensson G., & Wood G. (2009). Implementation, communication and the benefits of corporate codes of ethics in Taiwan and Turkey A comparison across contexts, European Business Review 21 (3), 278-298.
  • Cassell C., Johnson P., & Smith K., (1997). Opening the black box: Corporate codes of ethics in their organizational context, Journal of Business Ethics; Jul 1997; 16, 10; pg. 1077
  • Chadwick R. (1998). Professional Ethics, In: E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge.
  • Colwell, S. R., Zephyr, M. J., & Schminke, M. (2011). When does ethical code enforcement matter in the inter- organizational context? The moderating role of switching costs. Journal of Business Ethics, 104, 47-58.
  • Cullen J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Victor B. (2003). The Effects of Ethical Climates on Organizational Commitment: A Two-Study Analysis, Journal of Business Ethics 46(2), 127–141.
  • DeConinck J. B., DeConinck M. B., & Moss H. K. (2016). The Relationship among Ethical Leadership, Ethical Climate, Supervisory Trust, and Moral Judgment, Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Volume 20, Number 3, 201
  • Demirtas, O., & Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment, Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 59-67.
  • Drucker P. (2011). Managing in a Time of Great Change, Harvard Business Press
  • Elçi M., & Alpkan L. (2009). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Ethical Climate on Work Satisfaction, Journal of Business Ethics 84, 297–311.
  • Farrell, B. J., Cobbin, D. M., & Farrell, H. M. (2002). Can codes of ethics really produce consistent behaviours?, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(6), 468–490.
  • Frederick W. C., Davis K., & Post J. E. (1988). Business and Society, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson R. L. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle, NJ.
  • Hansen S. D. (2011). Ethical leadership: A multifoci social exchange perspective, The Journal of Business, 10(1), 41-55.
  • Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, London: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hosmer L. T. (1991). The ethics of management, 2nd ed, Boston, Irwin Homewood.
  • Kang J. (2009). Antecedents and Consequences of Ethical Leadership of Public Relations Practitioners, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Alabama.
  • Karasar N. (1999). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kohut G. F., & Corriher S. E. (1994). The relationship of age, gender, experience and awareness of written ethics policies to business decision making, SAM Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 59, pp. 32-3.
  • Langlois C. C., & Schlegelmilch B. B. (1990). Do Corporate Codes of Ethics Reflect National Character? Evidence from Europe and the United States, Journal of International Business Studies 21(4), 519–539.
  • Lee, Y., Choi, J., Moon, B., & Babin, B. J. (2014). Codes of ethics, corporate philanthropy, and employee responses, In International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 39, 2014, Pages 97-106.
  • Lere, J. C., & Gaumnitz, B. R. (2003). The Impact of Codes of Ethics on Decision Making: Some insights from information economics, Journal of Business Ethics, 48 (4), 365-379.
  • Mayer, D., Kuenzi, M., & Greenbaum, R. (2010). Examining the link between ethical leadership and employee misconduct: The mediating role of ethical climate, Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 7-16.
  • McKendall, M., DeMarr, B., & Jones-Rikkers, C. (2002). Ethical compliance programs and corporate illegality: Testing the assumptions of the corporate sentencing guidelines”, Journal of Business Ethics, 37, 367-83.
  • Melrose-Woodman J., & Kverndal I., (1976). Towards social responsibility: company codes of ethics and practice, Liverpool, British Institute of Management.
  • Montoya I. D., & Richard A. J., (1994). A comparative study of codes of ethics in health care facilities and energy companies, Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 13, Issue 9, pp 713–717.
  • Neubert, M. J., D. S. Carlson, K. M. Kacmar, J. A. Roberts & Chonko, L. B. (2009). The Virtuous Influence of Ethical Leadership Behavior: Evidence from the Field, Journal of Business Ethics 90, 157–170.
  • Neubert, M., Carlson, D., Kacmar, K. M., Roberts, J., & Chonko, L. (2009). The virtuous influence of ethical leadership behavior: Evidence from the field.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 157-170.
  • Newberg, Andrew B., & Bruce, Y. L. (2005). The Neuroscientific Study of Religious and Spiritual Phenomena: Or Why God Doesn’t Use Biostatistics. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 40 (June): 469-489.
  • O’Dwyer, B., & Madden, G. (2006). Ethical Codes of Conduct in Irish Companies: A Survey of Code Content and Enforcement Procedures, Journal of Business Ethics, 63(3), 217-236.
  • Pajo K., & McGhee P. (2003). The institutionalisation of business ethics: Are New Zealand organisations doing enough?, Journal of Management & Organization, 9(1): 5265.
  • Palanski M. E., & Yammarino F. J. (2007). Integrity and leadership; A multi-level conceptual framework”. The Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2),181-217, 20, 405-420.
  • Pearch J., & David F. R. (1987). Corporate Mission Statement: The Bottom Line, Academy of Management Executive, 1.
  • Peppas, S. C. (2003). Attitudes toward codes of ethics: The Effects of corporate misconduct, Management Research News, 26 (6), 77-90.
  • Piccolo R. F., Greenbaum R., Den Hartog D. N., & Folger, R. (2010). The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Core Job Characteristics, Journal of Organizational Behavior 31, 259–278
  • Resick C. J., Hanges, P. J., Dickson, M. W., & Mitchelson, J. K. (2006). A cross cultural examination of the endorsement of ethical leadership, Journal of Business Ethics, 2006, 345-359.
  • Robbins S. P., & Judge T. A.. (2012). Organizational Behavior, 15th ed., Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodnessof- Fit Measures, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodnessof- Fit Measures, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schwartz, M. (2004). Effective Corporate Codes of Ethics: Perceptions of Code Users, Journal of Business Ethics 55(4), 323–343.
  • Schwartz, M. S. (2001). The nature of the relationship between corporate codes of ethics and behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 32, 247–262.
  • Schwepker C. H. (2001). Ethical Climate’s Relationship to Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intentions In The Sales force, Journal of Business Research. 54, 39-52.
  • Schwepker, C. H. Jr., Ferrell, O. C., & Ingram, T. N. (1997). The Influence of Ethical Climate on Role Stress in the Sales Force, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25, 99–108.
  • Snell R. S., Herndon N. C. Jr. (2004). Hong Kong’s code of ethics initiative: some differences between theory and practice”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 51, pp. 75-89.
  • Steinberg, S. S. & Austern, D. T. (1990). Government, ethics, and managers: A guide to solving ethical dilemmas in the public sector. Westport, CT:Praeder.
  • Stevens B. (1994). An Analysis of Corporate Ethical Code Studies: Where Do We Go From Here, Journal of Business Ethics, 13: 63-69.
  • Toor S. R., & Ogunlana S. O. (2008b). Leadership skills and competencies for cross-cultural construction projects, International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 8(3): 192–215.
  • Toor S., & Ofori G. (2009). Ethical Leadership: Examining the Relationships with Full Range Leadership Model, Employee Outcomes, and Organizational Culture, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 90, pp.533–547.
  • Trevino L. K. (1986). Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model, 11/3,601-617.
  • Trevino L. K., & Brown, M. E. (2004). Managing to be ethical: debunking Şve business ethics myths. Academy of Management Executive, 18:2, 69–81.
  • Victor B., & Cullen J. B. (1987). A Theory and Measure of Ethical Climate in Organizations, Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy 9, 51-71.
  • Victor B., & Cullen J. B. (1988). The Organizational Bases of Ethical Climates, Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 101-125
  • Weller S. (1988). The effectiveness of corporate codes of ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 7, pp. 389-95.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bekir Kul

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Submission Date May 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2017 ICMEB17 Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Kul, B. (2017). THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL CLIMATE AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON ETHICAL CODES PRACTICES. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat Ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(13), 563-573.