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Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 8 - 25, 30.08.2016

Zeynep Set Ömer Faruk Şimşek Ahmet Altınok

https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.65157
Cited By: 3

Abstract

References

  • Asano, K., Hatori, K., Ishimura, I., Koganei, K., Masahiro, Y., Sukigara, N., & Toshiaki, N. (2012). Characteristics of self-compassion and self-disgust on attachment styles. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 16(sup1), 51–52.
  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244.
  • Başar, K., Nil, M. Ş., & Kaptan, S. (2010). Eşcinsellikle İlgili Yaygın Yanlışlar, Bilimsel Doğrular. A. Erol, & N. Öztop (Dü) içinde. Anti-Homofobi Kitabı/ 2 Uluslararası Homofobi Karşıtı Buluşma, 68-77.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, Vol. 2: Separation. New York, NY: Basic Books
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
  • Bretherton, I. (1995). Attachment theory and developmental psychopathology. In Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology. Vol. 6, 231-260.
  • Chandler, S. (2013). Can Self-Compassion Be Induced to Reduce Sexual Minority Stigma and Protect Psychological Functioning?. Masters of Arts in Psychology, East Tennessee State University
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cole-Detke, H., & Kobak, R. (1996). Attachment processes in eating disorder and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 282.
  • Craft, S. M., Serovich, J. M., McKenry, P. C., & Lim, J.-Y. (2008). Stress, Attachment Style, and Partner Violence Among Same-Sex Couples. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(1), 57–73.
  • Crews, D. A. (2012). Exploring self-compassion with lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah.
  • Cunha, M., Martinho, M. I., Xavier, A. M., & Espírito Santo, H. (2013). Early memories of positive emotions and its relationships to attachment styles, self-compassion and psychopathology in adolescence. European Psychiatry, 28, 1.
  • Deniz, M. E. Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, S. A. (2008). The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Self-Compassion Scale, Social Behavior and Personality, 36(9), 1151–1160.
  • Dozier, M., Stovall, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds) Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. Guilford: New York. 497-519.
  • Elizur, Y., & Mintzer, A. (2003). Gay males’ intimate relationship quality: The roles of attachment security, gay identity, social support, and in- come. Personal Relationships, 10, 411–435.
  • Feeney, J. A. (1999). Issues of Closeness and Distance in Dating Relationships: Effects of Sex and Attachment Style. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(5), 571–590.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 115–118.
  • Gençöz, T., & Yüksel M. (2006). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Internalized Homofobia Scale. Arch Sex Behav, 35(5):597-602.
  • Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisa- tions, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263–325). London: Routledge.
  • Gonsiorek, J. C., & Rudolph, J. R. (1991). Homosexual identity: Coming out and other developmental events. In J.C. Gonsiorek, & J.D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 161–176). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Greene, D. C., & Britton, P. J. (2015). Predicting Adult LGBTQ Happiness: Impact of Childhood Affirmation, Self-Compassion, and Personal Mastery. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 9(3), 158–179.
  • Harris, L. E. (2012). Personality Characteristics and Attitudes Towards Infidelity In Gay and Lesbian Individuals. Adelphi University.
  • Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32–43.
  • Isen, A. M. (2000). Some perspectives on positive affect and self-regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 184–188.
  • Iskender, M. (2009). The Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Self-Efficacy, and Control Belief about Learning in Turkish University Students. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 37(5), 711–720.
  • Kelly, A. C., & Dupasquier, J. (2016). Social safeness mediates the relationship between recalled parental warmth and the capacity for self-compassion and receiving compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 157–161.
  • Kesebir, S., Kavzoğlu, S. Ö., & Üstündağ, M. F. (2011). Attachment and psychopathology. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 3(2), 321-342.
  • Mete, H. E. (2008). Kronik hastalık ve depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri, 11, 3-18.
  • Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.) Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbi- ans, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 160–186). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Development and validation of a scale to measure self- compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102.
  • Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The Relationship between Self-compassion and Other-focused Concern among College Undergraduates, Community Adults, and Practicing Meditators. Self and Identity, 12(2), 160–176.
  • Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287.
  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154.
  • Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(3), 267–285.
  • Oei, T. P., Bullbeck, K., & Campbell, J. M. (2006). Cognitive change process during group cognitive behaviour therapy for depression. Journal of affective disorders, 92(2), 231-241.
  • Öztürk, E., & Kozacıoğlu, G. (1998). Erkek Eşcinsellerde (Homoseksüellerde) Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara: IX, Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını, 197.
  • Öztürk, P., & Kındap, Y. (2011). Lezbiyenlerde İçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14 (28), 24-35.
  • Patterson, R. J., & Moran, G. (1988). Attachment theory, personality development, and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 611–636.
  • Peplau, L. A., Cochran, S., Rook, K., & Padesky, C. (1978). Loving women: Attachment and autonomy in lesbian relationships. Journal of Social Issues,34(3), 7-27.
  • Pielage, S., Gerlsma, C., & Schaap, C. (2000). Insecure attachment as a risk factor for psychopathology: The role of stressful events. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7(4), 296-302.
  • Raes, P. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self- compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757–761.
  • Ridge, S. R., & Feeney, J. A. (1998). Relationship history and relationship attitudes in gay males and lesbians: Attachment style and gender differences. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(6), 848-859.
  • Selçuk, E., Günaydın, G., Sümer, N., & et al. (2005). Yetişkin bağlanma boyutları için yeni bir ölçüm: Yakın ilişkilerde yaşantılar envanteri-II’nin Türk örnekleminde psikometrik değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 8:1-11.
  • Shorey, H. S., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). The role of adult attachment styles in psychopathology and psychotherapy outcomes. Review of general psychology,10(1), 1.
  • Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., Tran, S., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(6), 1172.
  • Şimşek, O. F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş. Ekinoks, Ankara.
  • Szymanski, D. M., & Chung, Y. B. (2002). Internalized homophobia in lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7(1), 115-125.
  • Tatlılıoğlu, K., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). Farklı öz anlayış düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinin karar vermede öz-saygı, karar verme stilleri ve kişilik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,1 (2), 19-41
  • Wei, M., Liao, K. Y. H., Ku, T. Y., & Shaffer, P. A. (2011). Attachment, Self-Compassion, Empathy, and Subjective Well-Being Among College Students and Community Adults. Journal of Personality, 79(1), 191–221.
  • Wells, G. B., & Hansen, N. D. (2003). Lesbian shame: Its relationship to identity integration and attachment. Journal of Homosexuality, 45(1), 93-110.
  • Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health Education Research, 15, 97-107.
  • Yarnell, L. M., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion, Interpersonal Conflict Resolutions, and Well-being. Self and Identity, 12(2), 146–159.
  • Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520.

The Mediator Role of Internalized Homophobia and Self-Compassion on the Link between Attachment Styles and Depression in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 8 - 25, 30.08.2016

Zeynep Set Ömer Faruk Şimşek Ahmet Altınok

https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.65157
Cited By: 3

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of internalized homophobia and self-compassion in the relationship between attachment styles and depression among lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals. The participants of the study consisted of 886 LGB individuals whose ages range from 18 to 30 ( =22.73, Sd=3.54). In collecting the data, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory (ECRI- II), Self-Compassion Scale, Internalized Homophobia Scale (for Gay and Bisexual men), Lesbian Internalized Homophobia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Demographic Information Form developed by the researcher were used. Within the context of the study, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed to test the proposed models and Maximum Likelihood was implemented as estimation method. In the findings of the study, it was found that internalized homophobia partially mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and depression among men whereas self-compassion didn’t play a mediating role in this relationship. On the other side, an indirect effect through self-compassion and internalized homophobia appeared in the relationship between avoidant attachment and depression while another indirect effect was found in the relationship between anxious attachment and depression among woman by means of only internalized homophobia. Results were discussed in the frame of relevant literature and suggestions were made.

Keywords

Attachment styles internalized homophobia LGB self-compassion depression

References

  • Asano, K., Hatori, K., Ishimura, I., Koganei, K., Masahiro, Y., Sukigara, N., & Toshiaki, N. (2012). Characteristics of self-compassion and self-disgust on attachment styles. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 16(sup1), 51–52.
  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226–244.
  • Başar, K., Nil, M. Ş., & Kaptan, S. (2010). Eşcinsellikle İlgili Yaygın Yanlışlar, Bilimsel Doğrular. A. Erol, & N. Öztop (Dü) içinde. Anti-Homofobi Kitabı/ 2 Uluslararası Homofobi Karşıtı Buluşma, 68-77.
  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, Vol. 2: Separation. New York, NY: Basic Books
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
  • Bretherton, I. (1995). Attachment theory and developmental psychopathology. In Rochester symposium on developmental psychopathology. Vol. 6, 231-260.
  • Chandler, S. (2013). Can Self-Compassion Be Induced to Reduce Sexual Minority Stigma and Protect Psychological Functioning?. Masters of Arts in Psychology, East Tennessee State University
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Cole-Detke, H., & Kobak, R. (1996). Attachment processes in eating disorder and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(2), 282.
  • Craft, S. M., Serovich, J. M., McKenry, P. C., & Lim, J.-Y. (2008). Stress, Attachment Style, and Partner Violence Among Same-Sex Couples. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(1), 57–73.
  • Crews, D. A. (2012). Exploring self-compassion with lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah.
  • Cunha, M., Martinho, M. I., Xavier, A. M., & Espírito Santo, H. (2013). Early memories of positive emotions and its relationships to attachment styles, self-compassion and psychopathology in adolescence. European Psychiatry, 28, 1.
  • Deniz, M. E. Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, S. A. (2008). The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Self-Compassion Scale, Social Behavior and Personality, 36(9), 1151–1160.
  • Dozier, M., Stovall, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds) Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. Guilford: New York. 497-519.
  • Elizur, Y., & Mintzer, A. (2003). Gay males’ intimate relationship quality: The roles of attachment security, gay identity, social support, and in- come. Personal Relationships, 10, 411–435.
  • Feeney, J. A. (1999). Issues of Closeness and Distance in Dating Relationships: Effects of Sex and Attachment Style. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(5), 571–590.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 115–118.
  • Gençöz, T., & Yüksel M. (2006). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Internalized Homofobia Scale. Arch Sex Behav, 35(5):597-602.
  • Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualisa- tions, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263–325). London: Routledge.
  • Gonsiorek, J. C., & Rudolph, J. R. (1991). Homosexual identity: Coming out and other developmental events. In J.C. Gonsiorek, & J.D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 161–176). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Greene, D. C., & Britton, P. J. (2015). Predicting Adult LGBTQ Happiness: Impact of Childhood Affirmation, Self-Compassion, and Personal Mastery. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 9(3), 158–179.
  • Harris, L. E. (2012). Personality Characteristics and Attitudes Towards Infidelity In Gay and Lesbian Individuals. Adelphi University.
  • Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32–43.
  • Isen, A. M. (2000). Some perspectives on positive affect and self-regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 184–188.
  • Iskender, M. (2009). The Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Self-Efficacy, and Control Belief about Learning in Turkish University Students. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 37(5), 711–720.
  • Kelly, A. C., & Dupasquier, J. (2016). Social safeness mediates the relationship between recalled parental warmth and the capacity for self-compassion and receiving compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 157–161.
  • Kesebir, S., Kavzoğlu, S. Ö., & Üstündağ, M. F. (2011). Attachment and psychopathology. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 3(2), 321-342.
  • Mete, H. E. (2008). Kronik hastalık ve depresyon. Klinik Psikiyatri, 11, 3-18.
  • Meyer, I. H., & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. In G. M. Herek (Ed.) Stigma and sexual orientation: Understanding prejudice against lesbi- ans, gay men, and bisexuals (pp. 160–186). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003a). Development and validation of a scale to measure self- compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250.
  • Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102.
  • Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The Relationship between Self-compassion and Other-focused Concern among College Undergraduates, Community Adults, and Practicing Meditators. Self and Identity, 12(2), 160–176.
  • Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287.
  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154.
  • Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(3), 267–285.
  • Oei, T. P., Bullbeck, K., & Campbell, J. M. (2006). Cognitive change process during group cognitive behaviour therapy for depression. Journal of affective disorders, 92(2), 231-241.
  • Öztürk, E., & Kozacıoğlu, G. (1998). Erkek Eşcinsellerde (Homoseksüellerde) Anksiyete ve Depresyon Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara: IX, Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını, 197.
  • Öztürk, P., & Kındap, Y. (2011). Lezbiyenlerde İçselleştirilmiş Homofobi Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 14 (28), 24-35.
  • Patterson, R. J., & Moran, G. (1988). Attachment theory, personality development, and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 611–636.
  • Peplau, L. A., Cochran, S., Rook, K., & Padesky, C. (1978). Loving women: Attachment and autonomy in lesbian relationships. Journal of Social Issues,34(3), 7-27.
  • Pielage, S., Gerlsma, C., & Schaap, C. (2000). Insecure attachment as a risk factor for psychopathology: The role of stressful events. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7(4), 296-302.
  • Raes, P. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self- compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 757–761.
  • Ridge, S. R., & Feeney, J. A. (1998). Relationship history and relationship attitudes in gay males and lesbians: Attachment style and gender differences. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(6), 848-859.
  • Selçuk, E., Günaydın, G., Sümer, N., & et al. (2005). Yetişkin bağlanma boyutları için yeni bir ölçüm: Yakın ilişkilerde yaşantılar envanteri-II’nin Türk örnekleminde psikometrik değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 8:1-11.
  • Shorey, H. S., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). The role of adult attachment styles in psychopathology and psychotherapy outcomes. Review of general psychology,10(1), 1.
  • Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., Campbell, L., Tran, S., & Wilson, C. L. (2003). Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(6), 1172.
  • Şimşek, O. F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş. Ekinoks, Ankara.
  • Szymanski, D. M., & Chung, Y. B. (2002). Internalized homophobia in lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 7(1), 115-125.
  • Tatlılıoğlu, K., & Deniz, M. E. (2011). Farklı öz anlayış düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinin karar vermede öz-saygı, karar verme stilleri ve kişilik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi,1 (2), 19-41
  • Wei, M., Liao, K. Y. H., Ku, T. Y., & Shaffer, P. A. (2011). Attachment, Self-Compassion, Empathy, and Subjective Well-Being Among College Students and Community Adults. Journal of Personality, 79(1), 191–221.
  • Wells, G. B., & Hansen, N. D. (2003). Lesbian shame: Its relationship to identity integration and attachment. Journal of Homosexuality, 45(1), 93-110.
  • Williamson, I. R. (2000). Internalized homophobia and health issues affecting lesbians and gay men. Health Education Research, 15, 97-107.
  • Yarnell, L. M., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion, Interpersonal Conflict Resolutions, and Well-being. Self and Identity, 12(2), 146–159.
  • Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Self-Compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Set

Ömer Faruk Şimşek

Ahmet Altınok

Publication Date August 30, 2016
Submission Date August 22, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Set, Z., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Altınok, A. (2016). The Mediator Role of Internalized Homophobia and Self-Compassion on the Link between Attachment Styles and Depression in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 2(2), 8-25. https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.65157

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