Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 55 - 80, 03.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.847110

Abstract

References

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  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. Doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
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  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları [SPSS and LISREL Applications Multivariate Statistics for Social Sciences]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Dollinger, M. J. (2008). Entrepreneurshıp: Strategies and Resources. Illinois: Marsh Publıcatıons.
  • Dornelas, J. C. A. (2008). Empreendedorismo: transformando idéias em negócios [Entrepreneurship: turning ideas into business]. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1985).Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496169.
  • Du Toit, C. M. (1990). Fundamental business economics. Durban: Butterworths.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K. ve Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri [Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices]. Turkiye Klinikleri, 33 (1), 210-223. Doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
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  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Introducing Statistical Method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1993). How to Design And Evaluate Research İn Education. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Pearson.
  • Germain, M. L. (2006). Stages of Psychometric Measure Development: The example of the Generalized Expertise Measure (GEM). Online Submission. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED492775.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Ghasemi, F., Rastegar, A., Jahromi, R.G., & Marvdashti, R. R. (2011). The relationship between creativity and achievement motivation with high school students’ entrepreneurship. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, (30), 1291-1296. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.250
  • Gibb, A. (1998).Entrepreneurial Core Capacities, Competitiveness and Management Development in the 21st Century. Durham: DUBS.
  • Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., & Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing and Measuring A Cross-Cultural Construct. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 241-260. Doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00040-5
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe, Yöntem, Analiz [Research Methods in Social Sciences: Philosophy, Method, Analysis]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
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Entrepreneurship Competencies of School Principals: A Scale Development Study

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 55 - 80, 03.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.847110

Abstract

This research aims to produce a reliable and valid scale that includes the entrepreneurship competencies of school principals according to the perceptions of teachers working in state-owned schools. First, after the literature review, an item pool consisting of five-point Likert item type and seventy-four items was created, and then the relevant items were presented to eleven experts to determine the content validity. After the expert evaluations, the content validity rates of the relevant items were calculated with the Lawshe technique, the nineteen items below the criterion value were removed from the scale, and a scale draft form consisting of fifty-five items was created. To carry out the EFA of the scale, the first application was performed with 436 teachers working in Çekmeköy district of Istanbul province on an online platform in March-April 2020. In the EFA process carried out in line with the data obtained, observations revealed that the scale had a four-factor structure. Then, the Varimax technique was used to clarify the distribution of scale items to factors, and seventeen items that were found to have a load of .30 and above from more than one factor and that the load difference was less than .100 were removed from the scale. As a result of EFA, a scale consisting of 38 items and subdimensions of “Personal Competencies”, “Organizational Competencies”, “Relational Competencies”, and “Commitment Self-Confidence Competencies” which explain 73.32% of the total variance was obtained. Subsequently, reliability coefficients of the scale (Cronbach’s Alpha .98), discrimination indices, item-total – item-residual correlations, and correlations between scale total and subdimensions were calculated. Finally, to carry out the CFA, the second application was carried out online with a sample of 724 teachers in May-June 2020 and the obtained goodness of fit values confirmed the scale model. All these obtained values confirm the valid and reliable structure of the developed scale.   

References

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  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı[SPSS Applied Research Methods in Social Sciences]. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Armuna, C., Ramos, S., Juan, J., Feijoo, C., & Arenal, A. (2020). From stand-up to start-up: exploring entrepreneurship competences and STEM women’s intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, (cilt sayı yok), 1-24.
  • Ayub, D., & Othman, N. (2013). Entrepreneurship Management Practices in Creating Effective Schools. Asian Social Science, 9 (12), 69-78.
  • Bacigalupo, M., Kampylis, P., Punie, Y., & Van den Brande, G. (2016). EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.
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  • Blake, B., & Mestry, R. (2014). The changing dimensions of the finances on urban schools: An entrepreneurial approach for principals. Education as Change, 18(1), 163–178. Doi:10.1080/16823206.2013.847017
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi: İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum [Data Analysis for Social Sciences: Statistics, Research Design, SPSS Applications and Interpretation]. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
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  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. Doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
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  • Dollinger, M. J. (2008). Entrepreneurshıp: Strategies and Resources. Illinois: Marsh Publıcatıons.
  • Dornelas, J. C. A. (2008). Empreendedorismo: transformando idéias em negócios [Entrepreneurship: turning ideas into business]. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
  • Drucker, P. F. (1985).Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496169.
  • Du Toit, C. M. (1990). Fundamental business economics. Durban: Butterworths.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K. ve Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Uyum İndeksleri [Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices]. Turkiye Klinikleri, 33 (1), 210-223. Doi: 10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
  • Fernald, L., Solomon, G.T. & Tarabishy, A. (2005). A new paradigm: entrepreneurial leadership. Southern Business Review, 30(2), 1–10.
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Introducing Statistical Method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1993). How to Design And Evaluate Research İn Education. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Pearson.
  • Germain, M. L. (2006). Stages of Psychometric Measure Development: The example of the Generalized Expertise Measure (GEM). Online Submission. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED492775.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Ghasemi, F., Rastegar, A., Jahromi, R.G., & Marvdashti, R. R. (2011). The relationship between creativity and achievement motivation with high school students’ entrepreneurship. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, (30), 1291-1296. Doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.250
  • Gibb, A. (1998).Entrepreneurial Core Capacities, Competitiveness and Management Development in the 21st Century. Durham: DUBS.
  • Gupta, V., MacMillan, I. C., & Surie, G. (2004). Entrepreneurial Leadership: Developing and Measuring A Cross-Cultural Construct. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2), 241-260. Doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00040-5
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe, Yöntem, Analiz [Research Methods in Social Sciences: Philosophy, Method, Analysis]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mesut Demirbilek 0000-0002-7570-7807

Münevver Çetin 0000-0002-1203-9098

Publication Date September 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demirbilek, M., & Çetin, M. (2021). Entrepreneurship Competencies of School Principals: A Scale Development Study. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 8(3), 55-80. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.847110

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