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The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 20 - 27, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1443015

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to see what influence cold water immersion had on the athletes' biochemical parameters.
Method: The study included 20 elite level (Experimental 10, Control 10) male athletes who were licensed in the athletics branch and competed in national and international events. For four weeks, six days a week, the research group was subjected to a ninety-minute long-distance running regimen. Blood samples were collected from the research group's athletes twice, at the start and finish of the training session. CK, ALT, AST and LDH levels were determined in the taken blood samples. The data were analyzed using the SPSS package program. Significance level was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: According to the findings obtained in the research; According to the research results; It was determined that the trainings applied created significant changes in the CK, ALT, AST and LDH levels of the athletes in the control and experimental groups.
Conclusion: Furthermore, it was discovered that the cold water immersion treatment used on the athletes in the experimental group had a greater favorable effect on CK, ALT, AST, and LDH levels than the athletes in the control group.

References

  • Ronglan LT, Raastad T. Borgesen A. Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female handball players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2006;16,267–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00474.x
  • Howatson G, Goodall S, vanSomeren KA. The influence of cold water immersions on adaptation following a single bout of damaging exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 105:615–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0941-1
  • Halson SL, Quod MJ, Martin DT, Gardner AS, Ebert TR, Laursen PB. Physiological responses to cold water immersion following cycling in the heat. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2008; 3:331–346. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.3.331
  • Ihsan M, Watson G, Abbiss CR. What are the physiological mechanisms for post-exercise cold water immersion in the recovery from prolonged endurance and intermittent exercise?. Sports Medicine, 2016; 46, 1095-1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3
  • Stanley J, Peake JM, Buchheit M. Consecutive days of cold water immersion: effects on cycling performance and heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2013; 113(2):371–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2445-2
  • Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med, 2006; 36:747–765.
  • de OliveiraOttone V, de Castro Magalhães F, de Paula F, Avelar NCP, Aguiar PF, da Matta Sampaio PF, Rocha-Vieira E. The effect of different water immersion temperatures on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. PLoS One, 2014; 9(12), e113730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113730
  • Wiewelhove T, Schneider C, Döweling A, Hanakam F, Rasche C, Meyer T, Ferrauti, A. Effects of different recovery strategies following a half-marathon on fatigue markers in recreational runners. PLoS One, 2018; 13(11), e0207313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207313
  • Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 2021; 121(8), 2125-2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04683-8
  • Guo C, Fan Y, Kong X, Zhao C. The effect of different water immersion strategies on delayed onset muscle soreness and inflammation in elite race walker. Journal of Men's Health, 2022; 18(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jomh1803064
  • Matsumura N, Nagashima S, Negoro K, Motomura Y, Shimoura K, Tateuchi H, Nagai-Tanima M. Theeffect of Liquid ice after high-intensity exercise on muscle function compared to Block ice. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 2022; 20(1), 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2021.12.001
  • Laia FD, da Silva MG, Gomes BB, dosSantos AC, da Silva NV, Pinheiro JP. The effectiveness of a cooling vest in post-exercise recovery in sprint kayaking elite male athletes. Journal of Men's Health, 2022; 18(8), 169. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jomh1808169
  • Tabben M, Ihsan M, Ghoul N, Coquart J, Chaouachi A, Chaabene H, Chamari K. Cold water immersion enhanced athletes’ wellness and 10-m short sprint performance 24-h after a simulated mixed martial arts combat. Frontiers in physiology, 2018; 9, 1542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01542
  • Bouzid MA, Ghattassi K, Daab W, Zarzissi S, Bouchiba M, Masmoud, L, Chtourou H. Faster physical performance recovery with cold water immersion is not related to lower muscle damage level in professional soccer players. Journal of thermal biology, 2018; 78, 184-191.
  • Durmaz C, Şermet A, Tizar E, Ayhan S, Akpolat V. Comparison of Plasma Visphatin and Eotaxin Levels Before and After Training of Women and Man Sports in the Dicle University Handball Team. International Archives of Medical Research, 2017;9(2):25-29.
  • Sánchez–Ureña B, Martínez–Guardado I, Crespo C, Timón R, Calleja-González J, Ibañez SJ, Olcina G. The use of continuous vs. intermittent cold water immersion as a recovery method in basketball players after training: a randomized controlled trial. The Physician and sports medicine, 2017; 45(2), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1292832
  • Schimpchen J, Wagner M, Ferrauti A, Kellmann M, Pfeiffer M, Meyer T. Can cold water immersion enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters? An individualized perspective. The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research, 2017; 31(6), 1569-1576. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001591
  • Alshoweir N. Theeffect of coldwaterimmersion on recreationallyactiveyoungadults and therecovery of elite rugby playersafterintenseeccentricexercise (Doctoraldissertation, Manchester Metropolitan University), 2016.
  • Bleakley C.M, Davison GW. What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 2010; 44(3), 179-187.
  • Gregson W, Black M.A, Jones H, Milson J, Morton J, Dawson B, Green, D.J. Influence of cold water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow at rest. The American journal of sports medicine, 2011; 39(6), 1316-1323.
  • Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter D, Hopkins T, Davison G, Costa M. Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012; 2, CD008262. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2.
Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 20 - 27, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1443015

Abstract

References

  • Ronglan LT, Raastad T. Borgesen A. Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female handball players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2006;16,267–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00474.x
  • Howatson G, Goodall S, vanSomeren KA. The influence of cold water immersions on adaptation following a single bout of damaging exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 105:615–621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0941-1
  • Halson SL, Quod MJ, Martin DT, Gardner AS, Ebert TR, Laursen PB. Physiological responses to cold water immersion following cycling in the heat. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2008; 3:331–346. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.3.331
  • Ihsan M, Watson G, Abbiss CR. What are the physiological mechanisms for post-exercise cold water immersion in the recovery from prolonged endurance and intermittent exercise?. Sports Medicine, 2016; 46, 1095-1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3
  • Stanley J, Peake JM, Buchheit M. Consecutive days of cold water immersion: effects on cycling performance and heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2013; 113(2):371–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2445-2
  • Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med, 2006; 36:747–765.
  • de OliveiraOttone V, de Castro Magalhães F, de Paula F, Avelar NCP, Aguiar PF, da Matta Sampaio PF, Rocha-Vieira E. The effect of different water immersion temperatures on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. PLoS One, 2014; 9(12), e113730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113730
  • Wiewelhove T, Schneider C, Döweling A, Hanakam F, Rasche C, Meyer T, Ferrauti, A. Effects of different recovery strategies following a half-marathon on fatigue markers in recreational runners. PLoS One, 2018; 13(11), e0207313. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207313
  • Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP. The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 2021; 121(8), 2125-2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04683-8
  • Guo C, Fan Y, Kong X, Zhao C. The effect of different water immersion strategies on delayed onset muscle soreness and inflammation in elite race walker. Journal of Men's Health, 2022; 18(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jomh1803064
  • Matsumura N, Nagashima S, Negoro K, Motomura Y, Shimoura K, Tateuchi H, Nagai-Tanima M. Theeffect of Liquid ice after high-intensity exercise on muscle function compared to Block ice. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 2022; 20(1), 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2021.12.001
  • Laia FD, da Silva MG, Gomes BB, dosSantos AC, da Silva NV, Pinheiro JP. The effectiveness of a cooling vest in post-exercise recovery in sprint kayaking elite male athletes. Journal of Men's Health, 2022; 18(8), 169. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.jomh1808169
  • Tabben M, Ihsan M, Ghoul N, Coquart J, Chaouachi A, Chaabene H, Chamari K. Cold water immersion enhanced athletes’ wellness and 10-m short sprint performance 24-h after a simulated mixed martial arts combat. Frontiers in physiology, 2018; 9, 1542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01542
  • Bouzid MA, Ghattassi K, Daab W, Zarzissi S, Bouchiba M, Masmoud, L, Chtourou H. Faster physical performance recovery with cold water immersion is not related to lower muscle damage level in professional soccer players. Journal of thermal biology, 2018; 78, 184-191.
  • Durmaz C, Şermet A, Tizar E, Ayhan S, Akpolat V. Comparison of Plasma Visphatin and Eotaxin Levels Before and After Training of Women and Man Sports in the Dicle University Handball Team. International Archives of Medical Research, 2017;9(2):25-29.
  • Sánchez–Ureña B, Martínez–Guardado I, Crespo C, Timón R, Calleja-González J, Ibañez SJ, Olcina G. The use of continuous vs. intermittent cold water immersion as a recovery method in basketball players after training: a randomized controlled trial. The Physician and sports medicine, 2017; 45(2), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2017.1292832
  • Schimpchen J, Wagner M, Ferrauti A, Kellmann M, Pfeiffer M, Meyer T. Can cold water immersion enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters? An individualized perspective. The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research, 2017; 31(6), 1569-1576. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001591
  • Alshoweir N. Theeffect of coldwaterimmersion on recreationallyactiveyoungadults and therecovery of elite rugby playersafterintenseeccentricexercise (Doctoraldissertation, Manchester Metropolitan University), 2016.
  • Bleakley C.M, Davison GW. What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 2010; 44(3), 179-187.
  • Gregson W, Black M.A, Jones H, Milson J, Morton J, Dawson B, Green, D.J. Influence of cold water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow at rest. The American journal of sports medicine, 2011; 39(6), 1316-1323.
  • Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter D, Hopkins T, Davison G, Costa M. Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012; 2, CD008262. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Nutrition
Journal Section Original Research Paper
Authors

Ramazan Erdoğan 0000-0001-5337-942X

Ercan Tizar This is me 0000-0002-3961-7417

Gönül Rezzan Tizar This is me 0000-0001-8330-1703

Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date February 26, 2024
Acceptance Date April 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erdoğan, R., Tizar, E., & Tizar, G. R. (2024). The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes. International Archives of Medical Research, 16(1), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1443015
AMA Erdoğan R, Tizar E, Tizar GR. The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes. IAMR. April 2024;16(1):20-27. doi:10.56484/iamr.1443015
Chicago Erdoğan, Ramazan, Ercan Tizar, and Gönül Rezzan Tizar. “The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes”. International Archives of Medical Research 16, no. 1 (April 2024): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1443015.
EndNote Erdoğan R, Tizar E, Tizar GR (April 1, 2024) The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes. International Archives of Medical Research 16 1 20–27.
IEEE R. Erdoğan, E. Tizar, and G. R. Tizar, “The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes”, IAMR, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 20–27, 2024, doi: 10.56484/iamr.1443015.
ISNAD Erdoğan, Ramazan et al. “The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes”. International Archives of Medical Research 16/1 (April 2024), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.56484/iamr.1443015.
JAMA Erdoğan R, Tizar E, Tizar GR. The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes. IAMR. 2024;16:20–27.
MLA Erdoğan, Ramazan et al. “The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes”. International Archives of Medical Research, vol. 16, no. 1, 2024, pp. 20-27, doi:10.56484/iamr.1443015.
Vancouver Erdoğan R, Tizar E, Tizar GR. The Effect of Cold-Water Immersion Application on Biochemical Parameters in Athletes. IAMR. 2024;16(1):20-7.

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