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Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 17 - 31, 26.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.483107

Abstract

Obezite,
genetik ve genetik olmayan faktörlerden etkilenen, her yaş grubunda küresel
sorun oluşturan multifaktöriyel bir durumdur. Günümüzde önlenebilir ölümler
arasında sigaradan sonra ikinci sırada obezite yer almaktadır. Son 30 yılda
çocuk ve ergenlerde obezite oranları dünya genelinde artış göstermektedir. Bu
artışın en önemli sebebi ise, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte çocukların fiziksel
aktivite sürelerinin azalması, beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve besin
tercihlerinin olumsuz yönde değişmesidir. Obezite ilerleyen yaşlarda ise pek
çok kronik, metabolik ve psikolojik sağlık sorununu tetikleyen ve toplumların
sağlık bütçeleri üzerinde büyük yük oluşturan bir problemdir. Bu derleme
çalışmasında çocukluk çağı obezitesi, güncel literatürler eşliğinde
değerlendirilerek obeziteye ait risk faktörleri ve obezite riskini azaltmaya
yönelik önlemler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sağlık eğitimi, sağlıklı yaşam
tarzı davranışlarını hedefleyen aile ve okul sistemlerinde öğretilebilir. Bu şekilde
çocuk ve ergenler, fiziksel aktivite ve sağlıklı beslenme ile ilgili yapmaları
gereken seçimler hakkında daha iyi bir bilgi tabanına sahip olabilirler.

References

  • Audrain-McGovern, J., Benowitz, NL. (2011). Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine, and Body Weight. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 90(1):164-8.
  • Apovian CM, Aronne L., Powell AG. (2015). Clinical Management of Obesity. Professional Communications.
  • Bouchard, L. (2013). Epigenetics and fetal metabolic programming: A call for integrated research on larger cohorts. Diabetes 62:1026-10288.
  • Canadian Pediatric Endocrine Group, (2018). https://cpeg-gcep.net/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2018.
  • Darmasseelane, K., Hyde, MJ., Santhakumaran, S., Gale, C., Modi, N. (2014). Mode of Delivery and Offspring Body Mass Index, Overweight and Obesity in Adult Life. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plos One. 9(2):e87896.
  • Drewnowski, A., Rehm, CD., Solet, D. (2007). Disparities in obesity rates: analysis by zip code area. Soc Sci Med. 65(12):2458-63.
  • Drewnowski, A., (2012). The economics of food choice behavior: why poverty and obesity are linked. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 73:95-112.
  • European Congress on Obesity (2018). https://eco2018.easo.org/eco-highlights/, Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2018.
  • Ewing, R., Schmid, T., Killingsworth, R., Zlot, A., Raudenbush, S. (2003). Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity. Am J Health Promot. 18(1):47-57.
  • Froehlich-Grobe, K., Lollar, D. (2001). Obesity and Disability. Time to Act. American journal of preventive medicine. 41(5):541-5.
  • Fox, KR., Hillsdon, M. (2007). Physical activity and obesity. Obesity Reviews. 8:115-21.
  • Farooqi, IS., O'Rahilly, S. (2008). Mutations in ligands and receptors of the leptin-melanocortin pathway that lead to obesity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 4(10):569-77.
  • Greer, SM., Goldstein, AN., Walker, MP. (2013). The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nat Commun. 4:2259.
  • Gruber, KJ,, Haldeman, LA. (2009) Using the family to combat childhood and adult obesity. Prev Chronic Dis 6(3).
  • Han, JC., Kimm, SYS. (2010). Childhood Obesity-2010: Progress and Challenges. Lancet 375:1737-1748.
  • Herbert, A., Gerry, NP., McQueen MB., Heid, IM., Pfefufer, A., Illig, T., Wichmann, HE., Metinger, T., Hunter, D., Hu, FB., Colditz, G., Hinney, A., Hebebrand, J., Koberwitz, K., Zhu, X., Cooper, R., Ardlie, K., Lyon, H., Hirschhorn, JN., Laird, NM., Lenburg, ME., Lange, C., Christman, MF. (2006). A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity. Science. 312(5771):279–28.
  • Huang, JS., Barlow, SE., Quiros-Tejeira, RE., Scheimann, A., Skelton, J., Suskind, D., Tsai, P., Uko, V., Warolin, JP., Xanthakos, SA. (2013). The NASPGHAN Obesity Task Force. Consensus Statement: Childhood Obesity for Pediatric Gastroenterologists. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 56:99-109.
  • Hingle, M., Kunkel, D. (2012) Childhood obesity and the media. Pediatr Clin North Am 59: 677-692.
  • Hill, JO., Wyatt, HR., Peters, JC. (2012). Energy Balance and Obesity. Circulation. 126(1):126-32.
  • Holtcamp. W., (2012). Obesogens: An Environmental Link to Obesity 2012. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 120 (2), 62-68.
  • Kadouh, H., Acosta, A. (2016). Current paradigms in the etiology of obesityEtiology of Obesity, Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
  • Ludwig, DS. (2007). Chldhood obesty--the shape of thngs to come. N Engl J Med. 357:2325-7.
  • Liou, TH., Pi-Sunyer, FX., Laferrere, B. (2005). Physical disability and obesity. Nutr Rev. 63(10):321-31.
  • Lindsay, AC., Sussner, KM., Kim, J., Gortmaker, SL. (2006). The role of parents in preventing childhood obesity. Future Child 16(1):169-86.
  • McKetta, S., Rich, M. (2011). The fault, dear viewer, lies not in the screens, but in ourselves: Relationships between screen media and childhood overweight/obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am 58: 1493-1508.
  • Müller, MJ., Danilezik, S., Pust, S. (2005). School- and familybased interventions to prevent overweight in children. Proc Nutr Soc 64(2):249-54.
  • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, ( 2011). https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/clinical/closed/nhanes/index.cfm, Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2018.
  • Ogden, CL., Carroll, MD., Lawman, HG. (2016). Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014. JAMA. 315(21):2292–2299.
  • Ozanne, SE.(2015). Epigenetic signatures of obesity. The New England journal of medicine. 372(10):973-4.
  • Puhl, RM., Brownell, KD., DePierre, JA. (2014). Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity. Handbook of obesity : Epidemiology, etiology, and physiopathology. CRC Press; p. 461-70.
  • Skinner, AC., Ravanbakht, SN., Skelton, JA., Perrin, EM., Armstrong, SC. (2018). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999–2016. Pediatrics. 141(3):e20173459.
  • Slawta, J., Bentley, J., Smith, J., Kelly, J., Syman-Degler L. (2008) Promoting healthy lifestyles in children: a pilot program of Be A Fit Kid. Health Promot Pract 9(3):305-12.
  • Singh, R., Rohilla, RK., Saini, G., Kaur, K. (2014). Longitudinal study of body composition in spinal cord injury patients. Indian J Orthop. 48(2):168-77.
  • Sbruzzi, G., Eibel, B., Barbiero, SM., Petkowicz, RO., Ribeiro, RA. (2013) Educational interventions in childhood obesity: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Prev Med 56: 254-26.
  • Serter, R. (2003). Obezite Atlası. İstanbul: Tercih Kitabevi.
  • Şık, B. (2017). Çocukluk çağı obezitesi raporu. http://sosyalhaklardernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/01.%C3%87ocukluk-%C3%87a%C4%9F%C4%B1-Obezitesi-Raporu.pdf.
  • Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması (COSI-TUR). (2016). Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1080, Ankara 2017.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2017). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/basinOdasi/haberler/2017_31_20170607.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2018.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). (2018). http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/OBEZITE2017_web.pdf.
  • Tillotson, J. (2014). Role of Agriculture and the Food Industry in America's Obesity. Hanbook of Obesity: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology.
  • Walley, AJ., Blakemore, AIF., Froguel, P. (2006). Genetics of obesity and the prediction of risk for health. Human Molecular Genetics. 15(suppl 2):R124-R30.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Health Organization. Obesity. (2013) . http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/, [Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2018].
  • Yıldız, D., Fidancı, BE. ve Suluhan D. (2015). Childhood obesity and prevention approache, TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, Cilt 14 sayı 4.

Childhood Obesity

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 17 - 31, 26.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.483107

Abstract



Obezite, genetik
ve genetik olmayan faktörlerden etkilenen, her yaş grubunda küresel sorun
oluşturan multifaktöriyel bir durumdur. Günümüzde önlenebilir ölümler arasında
sigaradan sonra ikinci sırada obezite yer almaktadır. Son 30 yılda çocuk ve ergenlerde
obezite oranları dünya çapında artış göstermektedir. Bu artışın en önemli
sebebi ise, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte çocukların fiziksel aktivite
sürelerinin azalması, beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve besin tercihlerinin
değişmesidir. İlerleyen zamanlarda ise tip 2 diyabet başta olmak üzere
serebrovasküler hastalık, çeşitli kanserler, uyku-apne sendromu, karaciğer
yağlanması, polikistik over sendromu, osteoartroz ve depresyon gibi birçok
sağlık sorununu tetikleyen ve toplumların sağlık bütçeleri üzerinde büyük yük oluşturan
uluslarası bir durumdur. Bu derleme çalışması çocuklarda aşırı kilo ve
obeziteyi azaltmaya yönelik yeni girişimlerin etkinliğinin arttırılması
gerektiğini ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. Sağlık eğitimi, sağlıklı yaşam
tarzı davranışlarını hedefleyen aile ve okul sistemlerinde öğretilebilir. Bu
nedenle çocuk ve ergenler, fiziksel aktivite ve sağlıklı beslenme ile ilgili yapmaları
gereken seçimler hakkında daha iyi bir bilgi tabanına sahip olabilirler.

References

  • Audrain-McGovern, J., Benowitz, NL. (2011). Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine, and Body Weight. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 90(1):164-8.
  • Apovian CM, Aronne L., Powell AG. (2015). Clinical Management of Obesity. Professional Communications.
  • Bouchard, L. (2013). Epigenetics and fetal metabolic programming: A call for integrated research on larger cohorts. Diabetes 62:1026-10288.
  • Canadian Pediatric Endocrine Group, (2018). https://cpeg-gcep.net/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2018.
  • Darmasseelane, K., Hyde, MJ., Santhakumaran, S., Gale, C., Modi, N. (2014). Mode of Delivery and Offspring Body Mass Index, Overweight and Obesity in Adult Life. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Plos One. 9(2):e87896.
  • Drewnowski, A., Rehm, CD., Solet, D. (2007). Disparities in obesity rates: analysis by zip code area. Soc Sci Med. 65(12):2458-63.
  • Drewnowski, A., (2012). The economics of food choice behavior: why poverty and obesity are linked. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 73:95-112.
  • European Congress on Obesity (2018). https://eco2018.easo.org/eco-highlights/, Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2018.
  • Ewing, R., Schmid, T., Killingsworth, R., Zlot, A., Raudenbush, S. (2003). Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity. Am J Health Promot. 18(1):47-57.
  • Froehlich-Grobe, K., Lollar, D. (2001). Obesity and Disability. Time to Act. American journal of preventive medicine. 41(5):541-5.
  • Fox, KR., Hillsdon, M. (2007). Physical activity and obesity. Obesity Reviews. 8:115-21.
  • Farooqi, IS., O'Rahilly, S. (2008). Mutations in ligands and receptors of the leptin-melanocortin pathway that lead to obesity. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 4(10):569-77.
  • Greer, SM., Goldstein, AN., Walker, MP. (2013). The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nat Commun. 4:2259.
  • Gruber, KJ,, Haldeman, LA. (2009) Using the family to combat childhood and adult obesity. Prev Chronic Dis 6(3).
  • Han, JC., Kimm, SYS. (2010). Childhood Obesity-2010: Progress and Challenges. Lancet 375:1737-1748.
  • Herbert, A., Gerry, NP., McQueen MB., Heid, IM., Pfefufer, A., Illig, T., Wichmann, HE., Metinger, T., Hunter, D., Hu, FB., Colditz, G., Hinney, A., Hebebrand, J., Koberwitz, K., Zhu, X., Cooper, R., Ardlie, K., Lyon, H., Hirschhorn, JN., Laird, NM., Lenburg, ME., Lange, C., Christman, MF. (2006). A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity. Science. 312(5771):279–28.
  • Huang, JS., Barlow, SE., Quiros-Tejeira, RE., Scheimann, A., Skelton, J., Suskind, D., Tsai, P., Uko, V., Warolin, JP., Xanthakos, SA. (2013). The NASPGHAN Obesity Task Force. Consensus Statement: Childhood Obesity for Pediatric Gastroenterologists. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 56:99-109.
  • Hingle, M., Kunkel, D. (2012) Childhood obesity and the media. Pediatr Clin North Am 59: 677-692.
  • Hill, JO., Wyatt, HR., Peters, JC. (2012). Energy Balance and Obesity. Circulation. 126(1):126-32.
  • Holtcamp. W., (2012). Obesogens: An Environmental Link to Obesity 2012. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 120 (2), 62-68.
  • Kadouh, H., Acosta, A. (2016). Current paradigms in the etiology of obesityEtiology of Obesity, Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
  • Ludwig, DS. (2007). Chldhood obesty--the shape of thngs to come. N Engl J Med. 357:2325-7.
  • Liou, TH., Pi-Sunyer, FX., Laferrere, B. (2005). Physical disability and obesity. Nutr Rev. 63(10):321-31.
  • Lindsay, AC., Sussner, KM., Kim, J., Gortmaker, SL. (2006). The role of parents in preventing childhood obesity. Future Child 16(1):169-86.
  • McKetta, S., Rich, M. (2011). The fault, dear viewer, lies not in the screens, but in ourselves: Relationships between screen media and childhood overweight/obesity. Pediatr Clin North Am 58: 1493-1508.
  • Müller, MJ., Danilezik, S., Pust, S. (2005). School- and familybased interventions to prevent overweight in children. Proc Nutr Soc 64(2):249-54.
  • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, ( 2011). https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/clinical/closed/nhanes/index.cfm, Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2018.
  • Ogden, CL., Carroll, MD., Lawman, HG. (2016). Trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 through 2013-2014. JAMA. 315(21):2292–2299.
  • Ozanne, SE.(2015). Epigenetic signatures of obesity. The New England journal of medicine. 372(10):973-4.
  • Puhl, RM., Brownell, KD., DePierre, JA. (2014). Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity. Handbook of obesity : Epidemiology, etiology, and physiopathology. CRC Press; p. 461-70.
  • Skinner, AC., Ravanbakht, SN., Skelton, JA., Perrin, EM., Armstrong, SC. (2018). Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999–2016. Pediatrics. 141(3):e20173459.
  • Slawta, J., Bentley, J., Smith, J., Kelly, J., Syman-Degler L. (2008) Promoting healthy lifestyles in children: a pilot program of Be A Fit Kid. Health Promot Pract 9(3):305-12.
  • Singh, R., Rohilla, RK., Saini, G., Kaur, K. (2014). Longitudinal study of body composition in spinal cord injury patients. Indian J Orthop. 48(2):168-77.
  • Sbruzzi, G., Eibel, B., Barbiero, SM., Petkowicz, RO., Ribeiro, RA. (2013) Educational interventions in childhood obesity: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Prev Med 56: 254-26.
  • Serter, R. (2003). Obezite Atlası. İstanbul: Tercih Kitabevi.
  • Şık, B. (2017). Çocukluk çağı obezitesi raporu. http://sosyalhaklardernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/01.%C3%87ocukluk-%C3%87a%C4%9F%C4%B1-Obezitesi-Raporu.pdf.
  • Türkiye Çocukluk Çağı (İlkokul 2. Sınıf Öğrencileri) Şişmanlık Araştırması (COSI-TUR). (2016). Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Avrupa Bölge Ofisi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 1080, Ankara 2017.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2017). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/basinOdasi/haberler/2017_31_20170607.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.09.2018.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). (2018). http://temd.org.tr/admin/uploads/tbl_kilavuz/OBEZITE2017_web.pdf.
  • Tillotson, J. (2014). Role of Agriculture and the Food Industry in America's Obesity. Hanbook of Obesity: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology.
  • Walley, AJ., Blakemore, AIF., Froguel, P. (2006). Genetics of obesity and the prediction of risk for health. Human Molecular Genetics. 15(suppl 2):R124-R30.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Health Organization. Obesity. (2013) . http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/, [Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2018].
  • Yıldız, D., Fidancı, BE. ve Suluhan D. (2015). Childhood obesity and prevention approache, TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, Cilt 14 sayı 4.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bayram Deleş 0000-0002-7507-240X

Publication Date April 26, 2019
Submission Date November 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Deleş, B. (2019). Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesi. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 6(1), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.483107