Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Elit Bisiklet Sporcularının Toparlanma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 116 - 130, 25.06.2023

Esra Kürkcü Akgönül Gökmen Özen Ömer Cumhur Boyraz

https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1279323

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası düzeyde mücadele eden, iyi antrenmanlı bisikletçilerin uyguladıkları toparlanma stratejilerinin ve uygulama nedenlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya, haftada en az 5 gün, 16 saat antrenman yapan, 19 erkek ve 13 kadın toplam 32 bisikletçi katılmıştır. Sporcuların toparlanma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi için “Sporcu Toparlanma Formu” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin normalliği “Shapiro Wilk” testi ile değerlendirilmiş, verilerin frekans ve yüzde değerleri hesaplanarak, bağımsız değişkenlere göre alt gruplar arasındaki farkın istatistiği “Ki Kare” analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre bisikletçilerin toparlanma yöntemi olarak; soğuk uygulama, masaj, sıcak uygulama, foam roller, kompres giysiler ve özel beslenme yöntemlerini tercih ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bisikletçilerin bu yöntemlerin kullanım oranı sırasıyla; soğuk uygulama %65,6, masaj %62,5, özel beslenme %53,1, kompres giysiler %25, sıcak uygulama %18,8 ve foam roller %15,6 olarak bildirilmiştir. Sporcular tarafından, birden fazla toparlanma yöntemini tercih ettikleri ve bu tercihlerin antrenman içeriği, süresi, çevresel koşullar ve antrenman dönemine göre değiştiği bildirilmiştir. Bisikletçilerin toparlanma yöntemini tercih etme nedenlerinin; antrenör veya arkadaş, kişisel tercih, literatür, kolaylık, para birikimi ve zaman kazanma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bisikletçilerin toparlanma yöntemini tercih etme nedenlerinin, yöntemlerin hepsi için en fazla oranla kişisel tercih olduğu ve foam roller hariç tüm yöntemlerde, gruplar arasında, kişisel tercih nedeni lehine, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca, kişisel tercihleriyle toparlanma yöntemi belirleyenlerin yöntem tercihlerinin sırasıyla, kompres giysiler %46,9 (p=0,000), soğuk uygulama %62,5 (p=0,000), sıcak uygulama %31,3 (p=0,009), masaj %43,8 (p=,000), foam roller kullanımı %21,9 (p=0,065), özel beslenme %37,5 (p=0,000) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak toparlanma seçim nedenler arasında “kişisel tercih” daha fazla iken sonrasında sırasıyla; antrenör-arkadaş tavsiyesi, kolaylık, para birikimi ve literatür olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Bisiklet elit sporcu müsabık sporcu toparlanma stratejisi

Thanks

Dergi yayın kuruluna teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

References

  • Aydemir M, Mirzeoğlu AD, Eroğlu Kolayiş, İ. (2020). Sporda toparlanma bilgi testi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri, 12(1), 40- 48.
  • Aydın S. (2020). Futbolcularda toparlanma kapasitesi ile uyku kalitesi ve beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Giresun Üniversitesi, Giresun.
  • Bilen O. (2020). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi amatör ve profesyonel futbolcularda egzersiz sonrası kullanılan toparlanma teknikleri ve toparlanma bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi (Master's thesis, Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi).
  • Brophy-Williams N, Driller MW, Kitic CM, Fell JW, Halson SL. (2019). Wearing compression socks during exercise aids subsequent performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(1), 123-127.
  • Brown F, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Hill J. (2017). Compression garments and recovery from exercise: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47, 2245–2267.
  • Canbolat E, İnan CM, Çakiroğlu FP, Özfer A. (2021). Egzersiz Sonrasi Toparlanmada Beslenme Stratejileri. 4th International Congress on Agriculture, Environment and Health 20-22 May 2021; ss: 556-568.
  • Cintineo HP, Arent MA, Antonio J, Arent S. M. (2018). Effects of protein supplementation on performance and recovery in resistance and endurance training. Frontiers in Nutrition, 5, 83.
  • Dahl MA, Areta JL, Jeppesen PB, Birk JB, Johansen EI, Ingemann-Hansen T, Jensen J. (2020). Coingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase, compared with carbohydrate only, improves endurance performance despite similar glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 129(2), 297-310.
  • Dinçer Ş, Ertuna A. (2020). Overtraining syndrome. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(1), 1-14.
  • Driller MW. Halson, S.L. (2013). The effects of lower-body compression garments on recovery between exercisebouts in highly-trained cyclists. Journal of Science and Cycling, (2), 45–50
  • Forbes SC., Bell, G. J. (2019). Whey protein isolate supplementation while endurance training does not Alter cycling performance or immune responses at rest or after exercise. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 19.
  • Gümüşdağ H, Egesoy H, Cerit E. (2015). Sporda toparlanma stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 53-70.
  • Kara E. Ünver, G. (2019). Masaj ve toparlanmaya etkileri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 28-49.
  • Karasar N. (2012). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi (23. b.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Kreider R, Antonio J. (2008). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 5, 17.
  • Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, de Almeida AC, Lemes ÍR, Vanderlei FM, Pastre CM. (2016). Can water temperature and immersion time influence the effect ofcold water immersion on muscle soreness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.),46, 503–514.
  • Martinho DV, Nobari H, Faria A, Field A, Duarte D, Sarmento H. (2022). Oral branched-chain amino acids supplementation in athletes: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(19), 4002.
  • Overmayer, R., Tavares, F., Driller, M. W. (2018). Acute post-exercise recovery strategies in Cycling: A Review. Journal of Science and Cycling, 7(3), 11-44.
  • Poppendieck, W., Wegmann, M., Ferrauti, A., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., Meyer, T. (2016). Massage and performance recovery: A meta-Analytical review. Sports Medicine (Auckland,N.Z.),46, 183–204.
  • Richard NA., Koehle, M.S. (2019). Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(6), 811-823.
  • Slivka DR, Hailes WS, Cuddy JS, Ruby BC. (2010). Effects of 21 days of intensified training on markers of overtraining. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10), 2604– 2612.
  • Struhár I, Kumstát M, Kapounková K, Mertová KŠ. Hrnčiříková I. (2020). Effects of immediate mechanotherapy and intermittent contrast water immersion on subsequent cycling performance. Sport and Quality of Life 7–9 November 2019, ss 159.
  • Tambalis KD., Arnaoutis G. (2022). The importance of branched-chain amino acids and nitrate in sports performance and health. Journal of Physical Activity Research, 7(1), 37-46.
  • Tessitore A, Meeusen,R, Cortis C, Capranica L. (2007). Effects of different recovery interventions on anaerobic performances following preseason soccer training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 745-750.
  • Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, Dawson B. (2007). Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery from fatigue. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 539-544.
  • Weerapong P, Hume P A. Kolt, G. S. (2005). The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 35,235–256.

Investigation of Recovery Behaviors of Well Trained Cyclists

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 116 - 130, 25.06.2023

Esra Kürkcü Akgönül Gökmen Özen Ömer Cumhur Boyraz

https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1279323

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the recovery strategies applied by well-trained cyclists competing at international level and the reasons for their implementation. A total of 32 cyclists, 19 men and 13 women, who train for 16 hours at least 5 days a week, participated in the research. "Athlete Recovery Form" was applied to determine the recovery methods of the athletes. The normality of the data was evaluated with the “Shapiro Wilk” test, the frequency and percentage values of the obtained data were calculated and the results were interpreted according to descriptive statistics. The statistics of the difference between the subgroups according to the independent variables were evaluated with the "Chi-Square" analysis. According to the research findings; as a recovery method for cyclists; it has been determined that they prefer cold warm contrast, massage, hot warm contrast, foam roller, compress clothes and ergogenic suplementation methods. The rate of use of these methods by cyclists, respectively; cold warm contrast 65.6%, massage 62.5%, ergogenic suplementation 53.1%, compress clothes 25%, hot warm contrast 18.8% and foam roller 15.6%. It has been reported by the athletes that they prefer more than one recovery method and these preferences vary according to the training content, duration, environmental conditions and training period. The reasons why cyclists prefer the recovery method they use; coach or friend, personal preference, literature, convenience, saving money and saving time. It was found that the reasons for preferring the recovery method used by cyclists were personal preference with the highest rate for all methods, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in favor of personal preference in all methods except foam roller (p<0.05). According to the findings, the usage rates and significance levels of the recovery methods used in favor of personal preference were 46.9% (p=0.000) in the compression garments, 62.5% (p=0.000) in the cold water contrast, 31.3% (p=0.009) in the hot water contrast, 43.8% (p=.000) in massage, 21.9% (p=0.065) in foam roller use, 37.5% (p=0.000) in special nutrition respectively. Among the reasons, after "personal preference", the most preferred reasons are; coach-friend advice, convenience, savings and literature.

Keywords

Cycling elite athlete competitive athlete recovery strategy

References

  • Aydemir M, Mirzeoğlu AD, Eroğlu Kolayiş, İ. (2020). Sporda toparlanma bilgi testi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik çalışması. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri, 12(1), 40- 48.
  • Aydın S. (2020). Futbolcularda toparlanma kapasitesi ile uyku kalitesi ve beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişki. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Giresun Üniversitesi, Giresun.
  • Bilen O. (2020). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi amatör ve profesyonel futbolcularda egzersiz sonrası kullanılan toparlanma teknikleri ve toparlanma bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi (Master's thesis, Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi).
  • Brophy-Williams N, Driller MW, Kitic CM, Fell JW, Halson SL. (2019). Wearing compression socks during exercise aids subsequent performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(1), 123-127.
  • Brown F, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Hill J. (2017). Compression garments and recovery from exercise: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47, 2245–2267.
  • Canbolat E, İnan CM, Çakiroğlu FP, Özfer A. (2021). Egzersiz Sonrasi Toparlanmada Beslenme Stratejileri. 4th International Congress on Agriculture, Environment and Health 20-22 May 2021; ss: 556-568.
  • Cintineo HP, Arent MA, Antonio J, Arent S. M. (2018). Effects of protein supplementation on performance and recovery in resistance and endurance training. Frontiers in Nutrition, 5, 83.
  • Dahl MA, Areta JL, Jeppesen PB, Birk JB, Johansen EI, Ingemann-Hansen T, Jensen J. (2020). Coingestion of protein and carbohydrate in the early recovery phase, compared with carbohydrate only, improves endurance performance despite similar glycogen degradation and AMPK phosphorylation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 129(2), 297-310.
  • Dinçer Ş, Ertuna A. (2020). Overtraining syndrome. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(1), 1-14.
  • Driller MW. Halson, S.L. (2013). The effects of lower-body compression garments on recovery between exercisebouts in highly-trained cyclists. Journal of Science and Cycling, (2), 45–50
  • Forbes SC., Bell, G. J. (2019). Whey protein isolate supplementation while endurance training does not Alter cycling performance or immune responses at rest or after exercise. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 19.
  • Gümüşdağ H, Egesoy H, Cerit E. (2015). Sporda toparlanma stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 53-70.
  • Kara E. Ünver, G. (2019). Masaj ve toparlanmaya etkileri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 28-49.
  • Karasar N. (2012). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi (23. b.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kerksick C, Harvey T, Stout J, Campbell B, Wilborn C, Kreider R, Antonio J. (2008). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 5, 17.
  • Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, de Almeida AC, Lemes ÍR, Vanderlei FM, Pastre CM. (2016). Can water temperature and immersion time influence the effect ofcold water immersion on muscle soreness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.),46, 503–514.
  • Martinho DV, Nobari H, Faria A, Field A, Duarte D, Sarmento H. (2022). Oral branched-chain amino acids supplementation in athletes: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14(19), 4002.
  • Overmayer, R., Tavares, F., Driller, M. W. (2018). Acute post-exercise recovery strategies in Cycling: A Review. Journal of Science and Cycling, 7(3), 11-44.
  • Poppendieck, W., Wegmann, M., Ferrauti, A., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., Meyer, T. (2016). Massage and performance recovery: A meta-Analytical review. Sports Medicine (Auckland,N.Z.),46, 183–204.
  • Richard NA., Koehle, M.S. (2019). Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(6), 811-823.
  • Slivka DR, Hailes WS, Cuddy JS, Ruby BC. (2010). Effects of 21 days of intensified training on markers of overtraining. J Strength Cond Res. 24(10), 2604– 2612.
  • Struhár I, Kumstát M, Kapounková K, Mertová KŠ. Hrnčiříková I. (2020). Effects of immediate mechanotherapy and intermittent contrast water immersion on subsequent cycling performance. Sport and Quality of Life 7–9 November 2019, ss 159.
  • Tambalis KD., Arnaoutis G. (2022). The importance of branched-chain amino acids and nitrate in sports performance and health. Journal of Physical Activity Research, 7(1), 37-46.
  • Tessitore A, Meeusen,R, Cortis C, Capranica L. (2007). Effects of different recovery interventions on anaerobic performances following preseason soccer training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 745-750.
  • Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, Dawson B. (2007). Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery from fatigue. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 539-544.
  • Weerapong P, Hume P A. Kolt, G. S. (2005). The mechanisms of massage and effects on performance, muscle recovery and injury prevention. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 35,235–256.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Authors

Esra Kürkcü Akgönül 0000-0003-3771-937X

Gökmen Özen 0000-0001-5756-653X

Ömer Cumhur Boyraz 0000-0002-7348-3029

Publication Date June 25, 2023
Submission Date April 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kürkcü Akgönül, E., Özen, G., & Boyraz, Ö. C. (2023). Elit Bisiklet Sporcularının Toparlanma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 116-130. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.1279323
 Download Cover Image

ISSN: 2536-5339

Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi

16157

Bu dergi içerisinde yer alan eserler aksi belirtilmedikçe Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.