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HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ

Year 2008, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 116 - 120, 31.07.2008

Abstract




Hayvansal
yağlar normal çevre sıcaklığında katı ve çok viskozdurlar. Yüksek viskozitelerinden
dolayı dizel motorlarında kullanılmadan önce modifiye edilmeleri gerekmektedir.
Hayvansal yağların dizel motorlarında kullanılabilirliliğini iyileştirmek için emülsiyon
ve transesterifikasyon etkili iki yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada hayvansal iç
yağlardan baz katalizörlü transesterifikasyon ile %99.7 saflıkta metil alkol ve
katalizör olarak %98 saflıkta NaOH kullanılarak hayvansal iç yağı metil esteri
(biyodizel) üretilmiştir. Hayvansal iç yağı, metil ester şekline dönüştükten
sonra viskozitesi önemli ölçüde azalmış ve oda sıcaklığında sıvı fazında bir
yakıt elde edilmiştir. Biyodizelin belirlenen yakıt özellikleri ASTM
standartlarında olup, viskozitesi ve yoğunluğu dizel yakıtına yakın, ısıl
değeri ise %8 daha düşük çıkmıştır.




References

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  • 2. Alcantara, R., ve diğ, 2000, Catalytic Production of Biodiesel From Soy-Bean Oil, Used Frying Oil and Tallow, Biomass And Bioenergy, 18, 515-527.
  • 3. Artukoğlu, B.D., Hayvansal Atık Yağlardan Bi-yodizel Üretimi ve Özelliklerinin Geliştirilmesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Haziran 2006. 94 s.
  • 4. Çanakçı, M., Özsezen, A.N., 2005, Atık Mutfak Yağlarının Alternatif Dizel Yakıtı Olarak De-ğerlendirilmesi G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 18,1, 81-91.
  • 5. Çanakçı, M., Van Gerpen, J., 1999, Biodiesel Production via Acid Catalysis Transactions of the ASAE, 42, 5, 1203-1210.
  • 6. Çanakçi, M., 2007, The Potential of Restaurant Waste Lipids as Biodiesel Feedstocks Bioreso-urce Technology, 98, 1167–1175.
  • 7. Crookes, Roy J., ve diğ., 1997, Systematic Assessment of Combustion Characteristics of Bio Fuels and Emulsions with Water for Use as Diesel Engine Fuels Energy Conversion and Management, 38, 1785–1795.
  • 8. Demirbaş, A., 2002, Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils via Transesterification in Supercritical Methanol, Energy Conversion and Management, 43, 2349–2356.
  • 9. Freedman, B., ve diğ., 1984, Variables Affecting the Yields of Fatty Acid Esters from Transeste-ried Vegetable Oils, JAOCS, 61, 1638-1643.
  • 10. Graboski, M.S., Mccormick, R.L., 1998, Com-bustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engine, Progress Energy Combustion Science, 24, 125-164.
  • 11. Kegl, B., 2008, Biodiesel Usage at Low Tempe-rature, Fuel, 87 (7), 1306-1317.
  • 12. Kumar, M.S., ve diğ, 2006, Ethanol Animal Fat Emulsions as a Diesel Engine Fuel – Part 1: Formulations And Influential Parameters Fuel, 85, 2640–2645.
  • 13. Kerihuel, A., ve diğ., 2006, Ethanol Animal Fat Emulsions as a Diesel Engine Fuel – Part 2: En-gine Test Analysis, Fuel, 85, 2646–2652.
  • 14. Lin, C.H., Lin, H.A., 2006, Diesel Engine Per-formance and Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced by the Peroxidation Process, Fuel, 85, 298-305.
  • 15. Lin, Y.F., Wu, Y.P.G., Chang, C.T., 2007, Combustion Characteristics of Waste-Oil Produ-ced Biodiesel/Diesel Fuel Blends, Fuel, 86, 1772–1780.
  • 16. Lin, C.H., Lin, H.A., Hung, L.B., 2006, Fuel Structure and Properties of Biodiesel Produced by the Peroxidation Process, Fuel, 85, 1743-1749.
  • 17. Ma, F., Clements, L.D., Hanna, M.A., 1998, The Effects of Catalyst, Free Fatty Acids, and Water on Transesterification of Beef Tallow, Transac-tion of ASAE, 41, 5,1261-1264.
  • 18. Meher, L.C., ve diğ., 2006, Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification—A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 248–268.
  • 19. Mittelbach, M., 1996, Diesel Fuel Derived from Vegetable Oils, VI: Specifications and Quality Control of Biodiesel, Bioresource Technology, 56, 7–11.
  • 20. Nelson, R.G., Schrock, M.D., 2006, Energetic and Economic Feasibility Associated with the Production, Processing, and Conversion of Beef Tallow to a Substitute Diesel Fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 30, 584–591.
  • 21. Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S., Muraleedharan C., 2004, Use of Vegetable Oils as CI Engine Fuels—A Review, Renewable Energy, 29, 727–742.
  • 22. Reyes, J.F., Sepulveda, M.A., 2006, PM-10 Emissions and Power of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Crude and Refined Biodiesel from Salmon Oil, Fuel, 85, 1714–1719.
  • 23. Schwab, A,W., ve diğ., 1987, Preparation and Properties of Diesel Fuels from Vegetable Oils, Fuel, 66,1372–1378.
  • 24. Srivastava, A., Prasad, R., 2000, Triglycerides-Based Diesel Fuels, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, 111-133.
  • 25. Sims, Ralph E.H., 1985, Tallow Esters as an Alternative Diesel Fuel, Transactions of ASAE, 28, 3, 716-721.
  • 26. Szybist, J.P., ve diğ, 2007, Biodiesel Combus-tion, Emissions and Emission Control,Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 679–691.
  • 27. Tashtoush, G.M., ve diğ, 2004, Experimental Study on Evaluation and Optimization of Conversion of Waste Animal Fat into Biodiesel, Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 2697–2711.
  • 28. Wyatt, V.T., ve diğ, 2005, Fuel Properties and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Levels of Biodiesel Produced from Animal Fats, JAOCS, 82(8), 585-591.
  • 29. Zheng, M., ve diğ, 2008, Biodiesel Engine Per-formance and Emissions in Low Temperature Combustion Fuel, 87 (6), 714 -722.
  • 30. Zheng, D., Hanna, M.A., 1996, Preparation and Properties of Methyl Esters of Beef Tallow, Bioresource Technology, 57, 137-142.
  • 31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tallow
Year 2008, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 116 - 120, 31.07.2008

Abstract

References

  • 1. Agarwal, A.K., 2007, Biofuels (Alcohols and Biodiesel) Applications as Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 33(3), 233-271.
  • 2. Alcantara, R., ve diğ, 2000, Catalytic Production of Biodiesel From Soy-Bean Oil, Used Frying Oil and Tallow, Biomass And Bioenergy, 18, 515-527.
  • 3. Artukoğlu, B.D., Hayvansal Atık Yağlardan Bi-yodizel Üretimi ve Özelliklerinin Geliştirilmesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Haziran 2006. 94 s.
  • 4. Çanakçı, M., Özsezen, A.N., 2005, Atık Mutfak Yağlarının Alternatif Dizel Yakıtı Olarak De-ğerlendirilmesi G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 18,1, 81-91.
  • 5. Çanakçı, M., Van Gerpen, J., 1999, Biodiesel Production via Acid Catalysis Transactions of the ASAE, 42, 5, 1203-1210.
  • 6. Çanakçi, M., 2007, The Potential of Restaurant Waste Lipids as Biodiesel Feedstocks Bioreso-urce Technology, 98, 1167–1175.
  • 7. Crookes, Roy J., ve diğ., 1997, Systematic Assessment of Combustion Characteristics of Bio Fuels and Emulsions with Water for Use as Diesel Engine Fuels Energy Conversion and Management, 38, 1785–1795.
  • 8. Demirbaş, A., 2002, Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils via Transesterification in Supercritical Methanol, Energy Conversion and Management, 43, 2349–2356.
  • 9. Freedman, B., ve diğ., 1984, Variables Affecting the Yields of Fatty Acid Esters from Transeste-ried Vegetable Oils, JAOCS, 61, 1638-1643.
  • 10. Graboski, M.S., Mccormick, R.L., 1998, Com-bustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engine, Progress Energy Combustion Science, 24, 125-164.
  • 11. Kegl, B., 2008, Biodiesel Usage at Low Tempe-rature, Fuel, 87 (7), 1306-1317.
  • 12. Kumar, M.S., ve diğ, 2006, Ethanol Animal Fat Emulsions as a Diesel Engine Fuel – Part 1: Formulations And Influential Parameters Fuel, 85, 2640–2645.
  • 13. Kerihuel, A., ve diğ., 2006, Ethanol Animal Fat Emulsions as a Diesel Engine Fuel – Part 2: En-gine Test Analysis, Fuel, 85, 2646–2652.
  • 14. Lin, C.H., Lin, H.A., 2006, Diesel Engine Per-formance and Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced by the Peroxidation Process, Fuel, 85, 298-305.
  • 15. Lin, Y.F., Wu, Y.P.G., Chang, C.T., 2007, Combustion Characteristics of Waste-Oil Produ-ced Biodiesel/Diesel Fuel Blends, Fuel, 86, 1772–1780.
  • 16. Lin, C.H., Lin, H.A., Hung, L.B., 2006, Fuel Structure and Properties of Biodiesel Produced by the Peroxidation Process, Fuel, 85, 1743-1749.
  • 17. Ma, F., Clements, L.D., Hanna, M.A., 1998, The Effects of Catalyst, Free Fatty Acids, and Water on Transesterification of Beef Tallow, Transac-tion of ASAE, 41, 5,1261-1264.
  • 18. Meher, L.C., ve diğ., 2006, Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification—A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10, 248–268.
  • 19. Mittelbach, M., 1996, Diesel Fuel Derived from Vegetable Oils, VI: Specifications and Quality Control of Biodiesel, Bioresource Technology, 56, 7–11.
  • 20. Nelson, R.G., Schrock, M.D., 2006, Energetic and Economic Feasibility Associated with the Production, Processing, and Conversion of Beef Tallow to a Substitute Diesel Fuel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 30, 584–591.
  • 21. Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S., Muraleedharan C., 2004, Use of Vegetable Oils as CI Engine Fuels—A Review, Renewable Energy, 29, 727–742.
  • 22. Reyes, J.F., Sepulveda, M.A., 2006, PM-10 Emissions and Power of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Crude and Refined Biodiesel from Salmon Oil, Fuel, 85, 1714–1719.
  • 23. Schwab, A,W., ve diğ., 1987, Preparation and Properties of Diesel Fuels from Vegetable Oils, Fuel, 66,1372–1378.
  • 24. Srivastava, A., Prasad, R., 2000, Triglycerides-Based Diesel Fuels, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, 111-133.
  • 25. Sims, Ralph E.H., 1985, Tallow Esters as an Alternative Diesel Fuel, Transactions of ASAE, 28, 3, 716-721.
  • 26. Szybist, J.P., ve diğ, 2007, Biodiesel Combus-tion, Emissions and Emission Control,Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 679–691.
  • 27. Tashtoush, G.M., ve diğ, 2004, Experimental Study on Evaluation and Optimization of Conversion of Waste Animal Fat into Biodiesel, Energy Conversion and Management, 45, 2697–2711.
  • 28. Wyatt, V.T., ve diğ, 2005, Fuel Properties and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Levels of Biodiesel Produced from Animal Fats, JAOCS, 82(8), 585-591.
  • 29. Zheng, M., ve diğ, 2008, Biodiesel Engine Per-formance and Emissions in Low Temperature Combustion Fuel, 87 (6), 714 -722.
  • 30. Zheng, D., Hanna, M.A., 1996, Preparation and Properties of Methyl Esters of Beef Tallow, Bioresource Technology, 57, 137-142.
  • 31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tallow
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şehmus Altun

Cengiz Öner

Publication Date July 31, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Altun, Ş., & Öner, C. (2008). HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 116-120.
AMA Altun Ş, Öner C. HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ. (DAD). July 2008;6(3):116-120.
Chicago Altun, Şehmus, and Cengiz Öner. “HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, no. 3 (July 2008): 116-20.
EndNote Altun Ş, Öner C (July 1, 2008) HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 3 116–120.
IEEE Ş. Altun and C. Öner, “HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ”, (DAD), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 116–120, 2008.
ISNAD Altun, Şehmus - Öner, Cengiz. “HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/3 (July 2008), 116-120.
JAMA Altun Ş, Öner C. HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ. (DAD). 2008;6:116–120.
MLA Altun, Şehmus and Cengiz Öner. “HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ”. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2008, pp. 116-20.
Vancouver Altun Ş, Öner C. HAYVANSAL İÇ YAĞLARDAN TRANSESTERİFİKASYON REAKSİYONU İLE BİYODİZEL ÜRETİLMESİ. (DAD). 2008;6(3):116-20.