Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of Turkish Long and Short Form

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 322 - 334, 31.07.2019

Yağmur Soylu Ali Serdar Sağkal Yalçın Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.549515
Cited By: 4

Abstract

In this study,
psychometric properties of Turkish long and short version of the Mental
Toughness Scale for Adolescents (MTS-A) were examined. In the research,
data were collected from two different samples that consisted of 11 to 18-year-old
middle and high school students (N1 = 357, 54.6 %
boys, Mage = 14.92, sdage = 2.09; N2
= 307, 52.4 % boys, Mage = 14.97, sdage
= 1.55). The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that both
18-items six-factor original structure and 6-item one-factor short form
structure of the MTS-A were confirmed in the present data. In the research, we
detected significant correlations between long and short form of the MTS-A and
Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for
MTS-A long and short form were .85 and .72, respectively. Results of the
cross-validation and reliability study supported the psychometric properties of
short form of the MTS-A. The results of multiple-group confirmatory factor
analysis supported that short form of the MTS-A has configural and metric
invariance across stages of adolescent development and gender. Research results
highlighted that both the original and short form of the MTS-A is a valid and reliable
instrument to assess 11- to 18-year-old adolescents’ mental toughness levels.
Research findings were discussed, limitations and suggestions were proposed.

Keywords

Adolescents Mental Toughness Validity Reliability

References

  • Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (ÇGPSÖ-12) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464-504. doi: 10.1080/10705510701301834
  • Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Wadey, R. (2008). Mental toughness research: Key issues in this area. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(3), 192-204.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.016
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2005).Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26-44. doi:10.1111/jopy.12079
  • Jain, S., & Angural, V. (2017). Use of Cronbach’s alpha in dental research. Medico Research Chronicles, 4(3), 285-291.
  • Jin, L., & Wang, C. D. (2018). International students’ attachment and psychological well-being: The mediation role of mental toughness. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 31(1), 59-78. doi:10.1080/09515070.2016.1211510
  • Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M., & LeBlanc, J. C. (2013). The CYRM-12: A brief measure of resilience. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e131-e135. doi:10.1007/BF03405676
  • McGeown, S. P., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68(1), 96-113. doi:10.1080/00131911.2015.1008408
  • McGeown, S., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Putwain, D. W. (2018).The development and validation of a Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(2), 148-161. doi:10.1177/0734282916673512
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric methods. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Papageorgiou, K. A., Wong, B., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Beyond good and evil: Exploring the mediating role of mental toughness on the Dark Triad of personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 19-23. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.031
  • Sağkal, A. S. (2019). Direct and ındirect effects of strength-based parenting on adolescents’ school outcomes: Exploring the role of mental toughness. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Sağkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Strength-based parenting and adolescents’ psychological outcomes: The role of mental toughness. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1017/jgc.2019.2.
  • Santrock, J. W. (2012). Ergenlik (Çev. Ed. Siyez, D. M. ). Ankara: Nobel. (Özgün Çalışma, 2012)
  • Sorensen, S., Schofield, G., & Jarden, A. (2016). A systems-approach model of mental toughness: Understanding inputs, processes and outputs. Psychology, 7(12), 1402-1423. doi:10.4236/psych.2016.712141
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. P., & Perry, J. (2015). Mental toughness in education: Exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 886-907. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.895294
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Giles, R., McGeown, S. P., Putwain, D., Clough, P., & Perry, J. (2017). Mental toughness and transitions to high school and to undergraduate study. Educational Psychology, 37(7), 792-809. doi:10.1080/01443410.2016.1184746
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Widaman, K. F., Little, T. D., Preacher, K. J., & Sawalani, G. M. (2011). On creating and using short form scales in secondary research. In K. H. Trzesniewski, M. Donnellan, & R. E. Lucas (Eds.), Secondary data analysis: An introduction for psychologists (pp. 39-61). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Ergenler İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği: Türkçe Uzun ve Kısa Formun Psikometrik Özellikleri

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 322 - 334, 31.07.2019

Yağmur Soylu Ali Serdar Sağkal Yalçın Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.549515
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ergenler
İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeğinin (EİZDÖ) Türkçe uzun ve kısa formunun
psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, 11-18 yaş ortaokul ve lise
öğrencilerinin yer aldığı iki ayrı örneklem grubundan (N1 = 357,
% 54.6 erkek, Ortyaş = 14.92, ssyaş
= 2.09; N2 = 307, % 52.4 erkek, Ortyaş
= 14.97, ssyaş = 1.55) veri toplanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi sonuçları, EİZDÖ’nin 18 maddeli altı faktörlü orijinal yapısı ile 6
maddeli tek faktörlü kısa formunun hedef örneklemde doğrulandığını
göstermiştir. Araştırmada, EİZDÖ uzun ve kısa formu ile Çocuk ve Genç
Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (ÇGPSÖ-12) toplam puanları arasında anlamlı
korelasyonlar saptanmıştır. EİZDÖ’nin uzun ve kısa formuna ait Cronbach alfa
katsayıları sırasıyla .85 ve .72 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çapraz geçerlik ve
güvenirlik bulguları, EİZDÖ’nin kısa formunun psikometrik özelliklerini
desteklemiştir. Çoklu grup doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre,
EİZDÖ’nin kısa formunun ergenliğin gelişim aşamalarına ve cinsiyete göre yapısal
ve metrik açıdan değişmez olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, EİZDÖ’nin
uzun ve kısa formunun gelecek çalışmalarda eğitim ortamlarında 11-18 yaş
ergenlerin zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde geçerli ve
güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Araştırma
bulguları tartışılmış, sınırlılıklar ve öneriler sunulmuştur. 

Keywords

Ergenler Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Geçerlik Güvenirlik

References

  • Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (ÇGPSÖ-12) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464-504. doi: 10.1080/10705510701301834
  • Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., Jones, G., & Wadey, R. (2008). Mental toughness research: Key issues in this area. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(3), 192-204.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.05.016
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2005).Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26-44. doi:10.1111/jopy.12079
  • Jain, S., & Angural, V. (2017). Use of Cronbach’s alpha in dental research. Medico Research Chronicles, 4(3), 285-291.
  • Jin, L., & Wang, C. D. (2018). International students’ attachment and psychological well-being: The mediation role of mental toughness. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 31(1), 59-78. doi:10.1080/09515070.2016.1211510
  • Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M., & LeBlanc, J. C. (2013). The CYRM-12: A brief measure of resilience. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 104(2), e131-e135. doi:10.1007/BF03405676
  • McGeown, S. P., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Clough, P. (2016). The study of non-cognitive attributes in education: Proposing the mental toughness framework. Educational Review, 68(1), 96-113. doi:10.1080/00131911.2015.1008408
  • McGeown, S., St Clair-Thompson, H., & Putwain, D. W. (2018).The development and validation of a Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(2), 148-161. doi:10.1177/0734282916673512
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric methods. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Papageorgiou, K. A., Wong, B., & Clough, P. J. (2017). Beyond good and evil: Exploring the mediating role of mental toughness on the Dark Triad of personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 19-23. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.031
  • Sağkal, A. S. (2019). Direct and ındirect effects of strength-based parenting on adolescents’ school outcomes: Exploring the role of mental toughness. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Sağkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Strength-based parenting and adolescents’ psychological outcomes: The role of mental toughness. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1017/jgc.2019.2.
  • Santrock, J. W. (2012). Ergenlik (Çev. Ed. Siyez, D. M. ). Ankara: Nobel. (Özgün Çalışma, 2012)
  • Sorensen, S., Schofield, G., & Jarden, A. (2016). A systems-approach model of mental toughness: Understanding inputs, processes and outputs. Psychology, 7(12), 1402-1423. doi:10.4236/psych.2016.712141
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. P., & Perry, J. (2015). Mental toughness in education: Exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 886-907. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.895294
  • St Clair-Thompson, H., Giles, R., McGeown, S. P., Putwain, D., Clough, P., & Perry, J. (2017). Mental toughness and transitions to high school and to undergraduate study. Educational Psychology, 37(7), 792-809. doi:10.1080/01443410.2016.1184746
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Widaman, K. F., Little, T. D., Preacher, K. J., & Sawalani, G. M. (2011). On creating and using short form scales in secondary research. In K. H. Trzesniewski, M. Donnellan, & R. E. Lucas (Eds.), Secondary data analysis: An introduction for psychologists (pp. 39-61). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yağmur Soylu 0000-0002-5562-6233

Ali Serdar Sağkal 0000-0002-2597-8115

Yalçın Özdemir 0000-0003-2698-0900

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soylu, Y., Sağkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Ergenler İçin Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Ölçeği: Türkçe Uzun ve Kısa Formun Psikometrik Özellikleri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 20(1), 322-334. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.549515

Cited By

Positive affect, negative affect, and psychological resilience mediate the effect of self‐compassion on mental toughness: A serial mediation analysis
Psychology in the Schools
https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22902
Adölesan kız basketbolcularda pilates ve geleneksel stabilitazyon egzersizlerinin etkisi
Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation
Tuğba CANBOLAT
https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.745873
The Effects of Parent-Classmate-Teacher Support on Early Adolescents’ School Mental Health: the Mediating Role of Mental Toughness
Contemporary School Psychology
Yağmur Soylu
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-020-00299-5
Direct and indirect effects of strength-based parenting on adolescents’ school outcomes: Exploring the role of mental toughness
Journal of Adolescence
Ali Serdar Sağkal
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.001
 Download Cover Image

24833

This page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 terms.