Research Article
Land cover change analysis between 1990 and 2021 using Landsat images and object-based classification: A case study in Bodrum peninsula, Aegean Region, Turkey
Abstract
Bodrum Peninsula is one of the most important tourism centers of Turkey with its geographical location, coastal and marine tourism, natural and cultural features. It has been determined that the winter population has also increased in Bodrum in recent years, and it is thought that this may cause an increasing permanent resident population and urbanization. The objective of this study is to determine the changes in land cover due to the rapid increase in urbanization in Bodrum Peninsula. For this purpose, object-based classification analysis was applied to Landsat 4-5 TM 1990, 2000, 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI 2021 multispectral satellite images. Within the scope of the analysis, the objects were created by applying the segmentation process to satellite images. Secondly, land cover classes were determined according to the Corine land cover classification with levels 1-2-3. Thirdly, the classification process based on a decision tree was carried out with the classes defined using the threshold values determined for spectral and texture properties of the objects using multiresolution segmentation. In the last stage, accuracy assessment analysis was applied to the classification results. According to the results, it is obtained that while Urban Fabric and Burnt Areas are increased in 32 years, Forest and semi-natural areas are decreased. As a result of population pressure due to tourism, Urban Fabric areas have moved closer to Forests and Semi-Natural Areas. Wildfires with the effect of heatwaves were increased, biodiversity has been endangered in the study area located in the Mediterranean basin, where human-related climate change is most clearly detected. Significantly, there has been a wildfire in Bodrum in August 2021, which lasted for days and caused severe degradation on the land cover. For this, sustainable land cover management is recommended to protect the natural ecosystem by minimizing the risks that cause land degradation in the Bodrum peninsula.
References
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- Referans6 Avashia V, Parihar S, Garg A (2020) Evaluation of Classification Techniques for Land Use Change Mapping of Indian Cities. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 48, 877–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01122-7
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Land cover change analysis between 1990 and 2021 using Landsat images and object-based classification: A case study in Bodrum peninsula, Aegean Region, Turkey
Abstract
Bodrum Peninsula is one of the most important tourism centers of Turkey with its geographical location, coastal and marine tourism, natural and cultural features. It has been determined that the winter population has also increased in Bodrum in recent years, and it is thought that this may cause an increasing permanent resident population and urbanization. The objective of this study is to determine the changes in land cover due to the rapid increase in urbanization in Bodrum Peninsula. For this purpose, object-based classification analysis was applied to Landsat 4-5 TM 1990, 2000, 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI 2021 multispectral satellite images. Within the scope of the analysis, the objects were created by applying the segmentation process to satellite images. Secondly, land cover classes were determined according to the Corine land cover classification with levels 1-2-3. Thirdly, the classification process based on a decision tree was carried out with the classes defined using the threshold values determined for spectral and texture properties of the objects using multiresolution segmentation. In the last stage, accuracy assessment analysis was applied to the classification results. According to the results, it is obtained that while Urban Fabric and Burnt Areas are increased in 32 years, Forest and semi-natural areas are decreased. As a result of population pressure due to tourism, Urban Fabric areas have moved closer to Forests and Semi-Natural Areas. Wildfires with the effect of heatwaves were increased, biodiversity has been endangered in the study area located in the Mediterranean basin, where human-related climate change is most clearly detected. Significantly, there has been a wildfire in Bodrum in August 2021, which lasted for days and caused severe degradation on the land cover. For this, sustainable land cover management is recommended to protect the natural ecosystem by minimizing the risks that cause land degradation in the Bodrum peninsula.
References
- Referans1 Aahlaad M, Mozumder, C, Tripathi N et al (2021) An Object-Based Image Analysis of WorldView-3 Image for Urban Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Dissemination Through ESRI Story Maps. J Indian Soc Remote Sens. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01416-4
- Referans2 Alevkayalı Ç, Tağıl Ş (2018) Ortak Malların Trajedisi Üzerine Teoriler: Gediz Deltası’nda Arazi Kullanımı-Arazi Örtüsü Değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 43, 120-142
- Referans3 Algancı U (2018) Arazi Örtüsü Değişimlerinin Çok Zamanlı Landsat 8 Uydu Görüntüleri ile Belirlenmesi: İstanbul Örneği. Harita Dergisi, 160, 24-33
- Referans4 Algancı U, Besol B, Sertel, E (2018) Accuracy Assessment of Different Digital Surface Models. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(114)
- Referans5 Anderson James R, Ernest E Hardy, John T Roach, and Richard E. Witmer (1976) A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System For Use With Remote Sensor Data. USGS Professional Paper 964. A revision of the land use classification system as presented in the USGS Circular 671, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0964/report.pdf
- Referans6 Avashia V, Parihar S, Garg A (2020) Evaluation of Classification Techniques for Land Use Change Mapping of Indian Cities. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 48, 877–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01122-7
- Referans7 Atalay İ, Sezer İL, Çukur H (1998) The Ecologic Proporties of Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Forests and Their Regioning in terms of Seed Transfer. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir.
- Referans8 Atalay İ (2005) Türkiye Vejetasyon Coğrafyası. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, İzmir.
- Referans9 Baatz M, Schape A (2000) Multi resolution segmentation: an optimization approach for high quality multi scale image segmentation. Proceedings of Twelfth Angewandte Geographische Informations verarbeitung Wichmann-Verlag, Heidelberg, ss.12−23
- Referans10 Bakış R, Arı G (2010) Bodrum Yarımadasının İçme-Kullanma Suyu Problemi ve Çözüm Önerileri. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 3(2), 71-80, 2010 ISSN: 1308-3945, E-ISSN: 1308-027X
- Referans11 Baylan K, Ustaoğlu B (2020) Emberger Biyoiklim Sınıflandırmasına Göre Türkiye’de Akdeniz Biyoiklim Katlarının ve Alt Tiplerinin Dağılısı. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 3(3), 158-174.
- Referans12 Benz UC, Hofmann P, Willhauck G, Lingenfelder I, Heynen M (2004) Multi-resolution object-based fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS- ready information. ISPRS Journal of Photogramemetry and Remote Sensing, 58(3-4), 239-258
- Referans13 Bhatta B (2010) Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-05299-6
- Referans14 Blaschke T (2010) Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 65(1), 2-16
- Referans15 Chamber of Shipping. (2020) https://www.denizticaretodasi.org.tr/tr/sayfalar/turkiyedeki-marinalar
- Referans16 Cürebal İ., Efe R. Soykan A., 2019 "Spatial and Temporal Change of Bursa City Settlement Area (1955-2018) and Environmental Impacts of Expansion", Theory and Practice in Social Sciences, ed. Viliyan Krystev, Recep Efe, & Emin Atasoy, Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2019, ss. 213-226
- Referans17 Cohen, J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46 Referans18 Doğaner S (2001) Türkiye Turizm Coğrafyası. Çantay Kitabevi. İstanbul, Türkiye
- Referans19 Dutucu AA, İkiel C (2016) Çarşamba Ovası ve yakın çevresinde arazi örtüsü değişiminin uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleriyle analizi (1985-2013). International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5551-5560
- Referans20 Efe R, Soykan A, Cürebal İ, Sönmez S (2012) Land use and land cover detection in Karinca river catchment (NW Turkey) using GIS and RS techniques. Journal of Environmental Biology, 33(2 suppl), 439-447
- Referans21 Esetlili TM, Bektaş Balçık F, Balık Şanlı F, Üstüner M, Kalkan K, Gökse Ç, ... Gazioğl C (2018) Comparison of Object and Pixel-Based Classifications for Mapping Crops Using Rapideye Imagery: A Case Study of Menemen Plain,Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics , vol.5, no.2, 231-243.
- Referans22 European Environment Agency, (2021) Corine Land Cover Classification Classes, https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover
- Referans23 Foody G M (2002) Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment. Remote Sensing of Environment, 80,185–201
- Referans24 Foody G M (2020) Explaining the unsuitability of the kappa coefficient in the assessment and comparison of the accuracy of thematic maps obtained by image classification, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 239, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111630.
- Referans25 Gupta N, Bhadauria HS (2014) Object based information extraction form high resolution satellite imagery using eCognition. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 11, Issue 3, No. 2, pp. 139-144
- Referans26 Hofmann P (2001) Detecting Urban Features From IKONOS Data Using an Object-based Approach. First Annual Conference of the Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry Society (pp. 28-33), 12-14 September
- Referans27 PCC (2021) AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#Regional
- Referans28 İkiel C (2004) Muğla ilinin coğrafi özellikleri. A. A Çınar içinde, Muğla Kitabı (s.15-25). Muğla-İzmir
- Referans29 İkiel C (2005) Muğla yöresinde iklim koşullarının insan ve çevre üzerine etkileri. Ulusal Coğrafya Kongresi (İsmail Yalçınlar anısına) (s. 233-241) 28-30 Eylül, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Referans30 İkiel C, Ustaoğlu B, Kılıç DE, Dutucu AA (2013) Remote sensing and GIS based integrated analysis of land cover change in Duzce plain and its surroundings north western Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185 (2), 1699-1709
- Referans31 İkiel C, Ustaoğlu B, Dutucu AA, Kılıç DE (2019) Determination Of Land Cover Change in Datça and Bozburun Peninsula İn Turkey (1997-2018). 2019 8th International Conference On Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics), Doi:10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics
- Referans32 Kalkan K, Maktav D (2010) Nesne Tabanlı ve Piksel Tabanlı Sınıflandırma Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması (IKONOS Örneği). III. Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Sempozyumu (s.153-160), 11-13 Ekim, Gebze-Kocaeli, Türkiye
- Referans33 Kavak, KŞ (2018) Uzaktan Algılama ve Görüntü Yorumlama. Ankara, Türkiye: Palme Yayınevi
- Referans34 Kavzoglu, T, Yıldız M (2014) Parameter-Based performance analysis of object-based image analysis using aerial and QuickBird-2 images. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 11(7), 31-37
- Referans35 Kavzoglu T, Yıldız M (2015) Segmentasyonda Optimum Ölçek Parametresi Tespitinde Konumsal Otokorelasyon ve Varyansın Etkisinin Analizi. Türkiye Ulusal Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama Birliği (TUFUAB) VIII. Teknik Sempozyumu, 21-23 Mayıs, Selçuk Üniversitesi – Konya
- Referans36 Koç DE, Biltekin D, Ustaoğlu B (2021) Modelling potential distribution of Carpinus betulus in Anatolia and its surroundings from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future. Arab J Geosci 14, 1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07444-1
- Referans37 Kodal T (2008) Atatürk Döneminde Bodrum’un Nüfus Yapısı (1923-1938). SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17, 77-100
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There are 63 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Human Geography |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | June 29, 2022 |
| Publication Date | June 29, 2022 |
| Submission Date | March 13, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | June 3, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 31 Issue: 1 |
