Research Article
Akdeniz Eylem Planı (AEP) Kurumsal Yapısı Altındaki Bölgesel Faaliyet Merkezlerinin (BFM) Hukuki Statüsü
Abstract
Akdeniz Eylem Planı (AEP) çerçevesinde, Devletlerin Barselona Sözleşmesi ve Ek Protokolleri kapsamındaki yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmelerini sağlamaya yönelik araçlarından biri, Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı'nın (BMÇP) Bölgesel Denizler Programı çerçevesindeki Bölgesel Faaliyet Merkezleridir (BFM’ler). Günümüzde BMÇP-AEP sistemi, yalnızca Akit Tarafların konvansiyonel yükümlülüklerini değil, aynı zamanda Tarafların aldıkları kararları, benimsedikleri plan, program ve stratejileri de içermektedir. Tüm bunların yerine getirilmesi hukuki, kurumsal, teknik, bilimsel ve teknolojik kapasiteyi gerektirmektedir. Bu noktada Bölgesel Faaliyet Merkezleri, Devletlerin BMÇP-AEP sistemi kapsamındaki yükümlülüklerini ifa etmelerine destek olmakta ve kendi çalışma alanları çerçevesinde önemli işlevleri yerine getirmektedirler. Bölgesel Faaliyet Merkezlerinin çalışmalarının hukuki dayanağının belirlenmesi, AEP'nin uygulanmasındaki işlevlerine açıklık getirecek ve diğer alanlarda da benzer merkezlerin kurulmasına ve yürütülmesine ışık tutacaktır.
References
- Algan N, ‘Akdeniz Eylem Planı Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Türkiye’ (1997) 17(1-2) Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 37
- Bliss PA, ‘Review of the Mediterranean Action Plan’ (1978) 3(3-4) Ocean Management 315
- Lizińska A and Guérin L, ‘Synthesis and Analysis on the Current Structure and Functional Organisation of the Barcelona Convention (UNEP/MAP) - Recommendations for Biodiversity Works and French Issues’ (2021) PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN)
- Pavasovic A, ‘The Mediterranean Action Plan Phase II and the Revised Barcelona Convention: New Prospective for Integrated Coastal Management in the Mediterranean Region’ (1996) 31(2-3) Ocean & Coastal Management 133
- International Agreements
- Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (hereinafter “Barcelona Convention”), Date of Adoption: 10/06/1995, 1102 UNTS 27.
- Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (hereinafter “SPA/BD Protocol”) was adopted on 10 June 1995 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/specially-protected-areas-protocol-spa-and-biodiversity-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil (hereinafter “Offshore Protocol) was adopted on 14 October 1994, in Madrid, Spain. <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/offshore-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Case of Emergency was substituted by the Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and, in case of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea (Hereinafter “Emergency Protocol”) was adopted on 22 January 2002 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/emergency-protocol-prevention-and-emergency-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean, (hereinafter “ICZM Protocol”) was adopted on 28 January 2008 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/iczm-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
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- Other Documents of UN
- Consultation Meeting on the Application of the Ecosystem Approach by the Mediterranean Action Plan, Ljubljana (Slovenia), 6-7 April 2006, UNEP/BUR 64/4
- CP/RAC decisions on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), UNEP(DEPI)/MED IG 19/Inf.12 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/5938/09ig19_inf12_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 May 2023
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- Governance for Sustainable Human Development, An Integrated Paper on The Highlights of Four Regional Consultation Workshops on Governance for Sustainable Human Development, United Nations
- Development Programme {UNDP), Philippines, 1997 <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3831662 accessed> 10 August 2023 accessed 10 May 2023
- Host Country Agreement between Greece and UNEP. <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/institutional-set> accessed 10 August 2023.
- International Training Centre for Water Resources Management (CEFIGRE) <https://www.oieau.org/edito/histoire> accessed 10 August 2023
- Meeting of the Bureau of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and its Protocols, Algiers (Algeria), 26-28 February 2013, UNEP/BUR/76/Inf.3.
- Meeting of the MAP Focal Points, Athens, Greece, 10-12 September 2013, Proposal for updating the name of the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production according to its official mandate, UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.387/18.
- Regional Activity Centres of the Mediterranean Action Plan - their status and functions UNEP/IG.56/Inf.08 <https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/4832> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the ERS/RAC National Focal Points Meeting, Palermo, 16-17 December 2004, UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.269 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/5496/04wg269_report_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the Intergovernmental Meeting of Mediterranean coastal States on the Blue Plan Split (Yugoslavia), 31 January-4 February 1977. UNEP/IG.5/7 <https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/4788> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the National Focal Points Meeting of Plan Bleu/Regional Activity Centre Nice, France, 25- 26 April 2017 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/32324/17wgfpbp_report_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 August 2023
- Staff Regulations of the United Nations and Staff Rules 200.1 to 212.7 applicable to Technical Assistance Project Personnel, 1 January 2002 <https://hr.un.org/node/40295> accessed 10 August 2023
- The Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD) <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/institutional-set> accessed 10 August 2023.
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/> accessed 10 May 2023
- UNEP Regional Activity Centres (RACs), <https://www.unep.org/cep/who-we-are/regional-activity-centres> accessed 10 May 2023
- UNEP, The Regional Activity Centre for the Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas: evaluation: of its development and achievements UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 100, 1988.
- 4th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention (COP4), Genoa Declaration on the Second Mediterranean Decade, Genoa (Italy), 9-13 September 1985 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/4821/85ig56_5_genoadeclaration_Eng.pdf> accessed 10 August 2023
- 5th Meeting of the Executive Coordination Panel (ECP), Tunisia, 26-27 February 2009, UNEP(DEPI)/MED ECP.5/6, Host Country Agreement Template and Mandates of MAP Component
- 12th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP12) Monaco, 14-17 November 2001, Evaluation of the Blue Plan Regional Activity Centre
- 13th Meeting of SCP/RAC National Focal Points, 1-3 June 2021, UNEP/MED WG.507/8.
- 15th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention, Almeria (Spain), 15-18 January 2008 (COP15), UNEP(DEPI)/MED IG.17/10 Annex V, 148.
- 16th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention, Marrakesh (Morocco), 3-5 November 2009 (COP16), Decision IG.19/5 on the Mandates of the Components of MAP
- 17th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP17) Paris (France), 8-10 February 2012, Decision IG.20/13 Governance, Annex I.
- 21st Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention, Decision IG.24/2 on Governance Annex IX
- 21st Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention, Naples, Italy, 2-5 December 2019, Inputs received by the Host Countries of the Regional Activity Centres on the proposed Minimum Common Provisions for Host Country Agreements, UNEP/MED IG.24/Inf.13 22nd Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP22), Antalya (Türkiye), 7-10 December 2021, Decision IG.25/3 on Governance, 230. Also see COP16 (n 26) Decision IG.19/5. 85th Meeting of the Bureau of the Contracting Parties, Report by the Secretariat on Specific Issues, 2 April 2018, UNEP(DEPI)/MED BUR.85/6/Rev.1
Legal Status of The Regional Activity Centres (RACs) Under the Institutional Structure of Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP)
Abstract
One of the tools of Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) for providing States to fulfill their obligations under the Barcelona Convention and its Additional Protocols is Regional Activity centres (RACs) in the framework of the Regional Seas Programme of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Yet today the UNEP-MAP system includes not only the conventional obligations of Contracting Parties but also the decisions taken by the Parties, the plans and programs and strategies they have adopted. The fulfillmentof all these requires legal, institutional, technical, scientific and technological capacity. At this point, Regional Activity Centres support States to fulfill their obligations within the UNEP-MAP system and carry out important functions in their fields of work. Determining the legal basis for the work of Regional Activity Centres will clarify their functions in the implementation of the MAP and will shed light on the establishment and execution of similar centres in other fields
References
- Algan N, ‘Akdeniz Eylem Planı Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Türkiye’ (1997) 17(1-2) Milletlerarası Hukuk ve Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk Bülteni 37
- Bliss PA, ‘Review of the Mediterranean Action Plan’ (1978) 3(3-4) Ocean Management 315
- Lizińska A and Guérin L, ‘Synthesis and Analysis on the Current Structure and Functional Organisation of the Barcelona Convention (UNEP/MAP) - Recommendations for Biodiversity Works and French Issues’ (2021) PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN)
- Pavasovic A, ‘The Mediterranean Action Plan Phase II and the Revised Barcelona Convention: New Prospective for Integrated Coastal Management in the Mediterranean Region’ (1996) 31(2-3) Ocean & Coastal Management 133
- International Agreements
- Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (hereinafter “Barcelona Convention”), Date of Adoption: 10/06/1995, 1102 UNTS 27.
- Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean (hereinafter “SPA/BD Protocol”) was adopted on 10 June 1995 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/specially-protected-areas-protocol-spa-and-biodiversity-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution Resulting from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Seabed and its Subsoil (hereinafter “Offshore Protocol) was adopted on 14 October 1994, in Madrid, Spain. <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/offshore-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Case of Emergency was substituted by the Protocol Concerning Cooperation in Preventing Pollution from Ships and, in case of Emergency, Combating Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea (Hereinafter “Emergency Protocol”) was adopted on 22 January 2002 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/emergency-protocol-prevention-and-emergency-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean, (hereinafter “ICZM Protocol”) was adopted on 28 January 2008 <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/contracting-parties/iczm-protocol> accessed 10 May 2023
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (hereinafter “Stockholm Convention”), 2256 UNTS 119 <https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XXVII-15&chapter=27> accessed 10 August 2023
- Other Documents of UN
- Consultation Meeting on the Application of the Ecosystem Approach by the Mediterranean Action Plan, Ljubljana (Slovenia), 6-7 April 2006, UNEP/BUR 64/4
- CP/RAC decisions on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), UNEP(DEPI)/MED IG 19/Inf.12 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/5938/09ig19_inf12_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 May 2023
- Decision IG.21/15 on Financial Regulations and Rules and Procedures which was adopted in 18th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention (COP18) in Istanbul (Turkey), 3-6 December 2013.
- Governance for Sustainable Human Development, An Integrated Paper on The Highlights of Four Regional Consultation Workshops on Governance for Sustainable Human Development, United Nations
- Development Programme {UNDP), Philippines, 1997 <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3831662 accessed> 10 August 2023 accessed 10 May 2023
- Host Country Agreement between Greece and UNEP. <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/institutional-set> accessed 10 August 2023.
- International Training Centre for Water Resources Management (CEFIGRE) <https://www.oieau.org/edito/histoire> accessed 10 August 2023
- Meeting of the Bureau of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and its Protocols, Algiers (Algeria), 26-28 February 2013, UNEP/BUR/76/Inf.3.
- Meeting of the MAP Focal Points, Athens, Greece, 10-12 September 2013, Proposal for updating the name of the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production according to its official mandate, UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.387/18.
- Regional Activity Centres of the Mediterranean Action Plan - their status and functions UNEP/IG.56/Inf.08 <https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/4832> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the ERS/RAC National Focal Points Meeting, Palermo, 16-17 December 2004, UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.269 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/5496/04wg269_report_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the Intergovernmental Meeting of Mediterranean coastal States on the Blue Plan Split (Yugoslavia), 31 January-4 February 1977. UNEP/IG.5/7 <https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/4788> accessed 10 August 2023.
- Report of the National Focal Points Meeting of Plan Bleu/Regional Activity Centre Nice, France, 25- 26 April 2017 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/32324/17wgfpbp_report_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> accessed 10 August 2023
- Staff Regulations of the United Nations and Staff Rules 200.1 to 212.7 applicable to Technical Assistance Project Personnel, 1 January 2002 <https://hr.un.org/node/40295> accessed 10 August 2023
- The Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD) <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/who-we-are/institutional-set> accessed 10 August 2023.
- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), <https://www.unep.org/unepmap/> accessed 10 May 2023
- UNEP Regional Activity Centres (RACs), <https://www.unep.org/cep/who-we-are/regional-activity-centres> accessed 10 May 2023
- UNEP, The Regional Activity Centre for the Mediterranean Specially Protected Areas: evaluation: of its development and achievements UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 100, 1988.
- 4th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention (COP4), Genoa Declaration on the Second Mediterranean Decade, Genoa (Italy), 9-13 September 1985 <https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/4821/85ig56_5_genoadeclaration_Eng.pdf> accessed 10 August 2023
- 5th Meeting of the Executive Coordination Panel (ECP), Tunisia, 26-27 February 2009, UNEP(DEPI)/MED ECP.5/6, Host Country Agreement Template and Mandates of MAP Component
- 12th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP12) Monaco, 14-17 November 2001, Evaluation of the Blue Plan Regional Activity Centre
- 13th Meeting of SCP/RAC National Focal Points, 1-3 June 2021, UNEP/MED WG.507/8.
- 15th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention, Almeria (Spain), 15-18 January 2008 (COP15), UNEP(DEPI)/MED IG.17/10 Annex V, 148.
- 16th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention, Marrakesh (Morocco), 3-5 November 2009 (COP16), Decision IG.19/5 on the Mandates of the Components of MAP
- 17th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP17) Paris (France), 8-10 February 2012, Decision IG.20/13 Governance, Annex I.
- 21st Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention, Decision IG.24/2 on Governance Annex IX
- 21st Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention, Naples, Italy, 2-5 December 2019, Inputs received by the Host Countries of the Regional Activity Centres on the proposed Minimum Common Provisions for Host Country Agreements, UNEP/MED IG.24/Inf.13 22nd Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties to Barcelona Convention (COP22), Antalya (Türkiye), 7-10 December 2021, Decision IG.25/3 on Governance, 230. Also see COP16 (n 26) Decision IG.19/5. 85th Meeting of the Bureau of the Contracting Parties, Report by the Secretariat on Specific Issues, 2 April 2018, UNEP(DEPI)/MED BUR.85/6/Rev.1
There are 39 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Space, Maritime and Aviation Law |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | May 10, 2024 |
| Publication Date | |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |