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Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 445 - 453, 30.06.2022

Senem Ünver Arzu Yıldırım Bicer Serpil Çelikten

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123

Abstract

References

  • [1] Jee Y. WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak. Epidemiol Health 2020;42:e2020013.
  • [2] Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed 2020;91:157-160.
  • [3] Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ 2020;368:m1198.
  • [4] Dave M, Seoudi N, Coulthard P. Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2020; doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30806-0
  • [5] Ather A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care. J Endod 2020;46:584-595.
  • [6] Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res 2020;99:481-487.
  • [7] Kılıçarslan MA, Çizmeci Şenel F, Özcan M. Assessment of dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey and future projections. Braz Dent Sci 2020;23:1-7.
  • [8] Elangovan S, Mahrous A, Marchini L. Disruptions during a pandemic: Gaps identified and lessons learned. J Dent Educ 2020;1-5
  • [9] DeVellis RF. Scale development: Theory and applications. Vol. 26. Sage publications; 2003. p. 60-100.
  • [10] Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Person Education; 2013. p. 620.
  • [11] Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R. Multivariate data analysis. 8th ed. UK: Cengage; 2019. p.152.
  • [12] Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2015. p.1-2, p.70.
  • [13] Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. 3rd ed. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2014. p.304
  • [14] Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Person Education; 2013. p. 720.
  • [15] Steiger JH. Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences 2007;42:893-898.
  • [16] Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999;6:1-55.
  • [17] Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online 2003;8:23-74.
  • [18] Salvucci S, Walter E, Conley V, Fink S, Saba M. Measurement error studies at the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Washington DC: US Department of Education; 1997. p. 115.
  • [19] Zigron A, Dror AA, Morozov NG, Shani T, Khalil TH, Eisenbach N, Rayan D, Daoud A, Kablan F, Marei H, Sela E, Srouji S. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among dental professionals based on employment status during the pandemic. Front Med 2021;9;8:618403. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.618403.
  • [20] Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khursid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2921.
  • [21] Özdede M, Şahin SC. Views and anxiety of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Stoma 2020;73:123- 128

Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 445 - 453, 30.06.2022

Senem Ünver Arzu Yıldırım Bicer Serpil Çelikten

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiety levels about education, clinical practice and professional development of dental PhD and specialty program students in Turkey during pandemic process.
Methods: In this study, a scale consisting of two parts was developed by researchers and an online survey portal was used to reach the participants. The first part included personal information of participants. In the second part, there were 5-point scale items with three sub-dimensions to determine the anxiety levels about COVID-19. Item pool was constructed with 23 scale items. For the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. After the exploratory factor analysis, 3 items exluded from the scale and it resulted in three-factor structure. According to the theoretical background, factors were called as “clinical practice process”, "education process" and "professional development process". When the items related to the sub-dimensions were examined, it was seen that education process includes 8 items, clinical practice process includes 9 items and professional process includes 3 items. Then, this three-factor structure with 20 items by the way one factor model based on these three subfactors were tested through confirmatory factor analysis and higher order confirmatory factor analysis. After exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, it was concluded that there was enough evidence for the construct validity. For the reliability study Cronbach alfa coefficients and corrected item-total correlations was calculated. It was observed that the Cronbach alpha coefficients for the education process sub-dimension, the clinical practice process sub-dimension and the professional development process sub-dimension were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.70, respectively. The stratified Cronbach alpha coefficient calculated for the overall scale was 0.90. It was referred that the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of the scale and by the way for general score were reliable. For the corrected item-total correlations, education process sub-dimension was in the range of 0.559-0.661, clinical practice sub-dimension was in the range of 0.407-0.812, and professional development process sub-dimension was in the range of 0.487-0.534. It was concluded that all items were sufficiently distinctive and served its purpose. Moreover the data based on the scale were analyzed with t-test and Kruskal Wallis H test. With the statistically significant results of Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test were conducted as post hoc.
Results: A total of 208 students (156 females, 52 males) participated. There was no significant difference among anxiety levels of the groups in terms of gender and department variables (p >0.05). However, there was statistically significant difference in terms of age and education year. The students with the ages in the interval of 22-24 had significantly lower anxiety levels regarding the clinical practice process (p <0.05). The anxiety levels of students with more than 4 years in education were significantly lower than other groups regarding education process (p <0.05). Younger students had lower anxiety levels about clinical practice process in PhD or specialty programs.
Conclusion: Increase of the year in education leads reducement in the anxiety level about education process.

Keywords

Covid-19 anxiety level student education process clinical practice

References

  • [1] Jee Y. WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak. Epidemiol Health 2020;42:e2020013.
  • [2] Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed 2020;91:157-160.
  • [3] Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ 2020;368:m1198.
  • [4] Dave M, Seoudi N, Coulthard P. Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 2020; doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30806-0
  • [5] Ather A, Patel B, Ruparel NB, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care. J Endod 2020;46:584-595.
  • [6] Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res 2020;99:481-487.
  • [7] Kılıçarslan MA, Çizmeci Şenel F, Özcan M. Assessment of dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey and future projections. Braz Dent Sci 2020;23:1-7.
  • [8] Elangovan S, Mahrous A, Marchini L. Disruptions during a pandemic: Gaps identified and lessons learned. J Dent Educ 2020;1-5
  • [9] DeVellis RF. Scale development: Theory and applications. Vol. 26. Sage publications; 2003. p. 60-100.
  • [10] Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Person Education; 2013. p. 620.
  • [11] Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R. Multivariate data analysis. 8th ed. UK: Cengage; 2019. p.152.
  • [12] Brown TA. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2015. p.1-2, p.70.
  • [13] Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. 3rd ed. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2014. p.304
  • [14] Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Person Education; 2013. p. 720.
  • [15] Steiger JH. Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences 2007;42:893-898.
  • [16] Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999;6:1-55.
  • [17] Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online 2003;8:23-74.
  • [18] Salvucci S, Walter E, Conley V, Fink S, Saba M. Measurement error studies at the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Washington DC: US Department of Education; 1997. p. 115.
  • [19] Zigron A, Dror AA, Morozov NG, Shani T, Khalil TH, Eisenbach N, Rayan D, Daoud A, Kablan F, Marei H, Sela E, Srouji S. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among dental professionals based on employment status during the pandemic. Front Med 2021;9;8:618403. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.618403.
  • [20] Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khursid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2921.
  • [21] Özdede M, Şahin SC. Views and anxiety of Turkish dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Stoma 2020;73:123- 128
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Senem Ünver 0000-0001-5565-1167

Arzu Yıldırım Bicer This is me 0000-0002-9332-8982

Serpil Çelikten 0000-0003-3868-3807

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date August 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünver, S., Yıldırım Bicer, A., & Çelikten, S. (2022). Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 12(2), 445-453. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123
AMA Ünver S, Yıldırım Bicer A, Çelikten S. Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. June 2022;12(2):445-453. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123
Chicago Ünver, Senem, Arzu Yıldırım Bicer, and Serpil Çelikten. “Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 2022): 445-53. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123.
EndNote Ünver S, Yıldırım Bicer A, Çelikten S (June 1, 2022) Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12 2 445–453.
IEEE S. Ünver, A. Yıldırım Bicer, and S. Çelikten, “Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 445–453, 2022, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123.
ISNAD Ünver, Senem et al. “Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12/2 (June 2022), 445-453. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123.
JAMA Ünver S, Yıldırım Bicer A, Çelikten S. Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2022;12:445–453.
MLA Ünver, Senem et al. “Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, 2022, pp. 445-53, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.978123.
Vancouver Ünver S, Yıldırım Bicer A, Çelikten S. Anxiety Levels of Dental PhD and Specialty Program Students in Turkey About COVID-19 Pandemic Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2022;12(2):445-53.
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