Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 702 - 717, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330

Abstract

This paper investigated whether athletic mental energy (AME) mediated soccer psychological skills and sports courage in soccer players. The study constructed a theoretical model tested using the Sobel test. The sample consisted of 369 active amateur and professional soccer players playing in the Turkish Super League, PTT 1st League, 2nd League, 3rd League, Amateur, and Honey Leagues of the Turkish Football Federation 2021-2022. Data were gathered via a personal information form, the Soccer Psychological Skills Scale-16 (SPSS-16), the Sports Courage Scale-31 (SCS-31), and the Athletic Mental Energy Scale (AMES). The results revealed that sports courage positively affected AME and psychological skill levels. Athletic mental energy affected psychological skill levels positively and mediated psychological skills and sports courage. The results verified the theoretical model. Further investigation into the domains of athletic mental energy, psychological skills, and courage within the realm of sports is essential for enhanced comprehension. Football players should receive insights into the psychological facets associated with courage, athletic mental energy, and psychological skills in football. Including psychological skills training in football programs for younger age groups is warranted. The scope of research can extend to diverse sample groups, thereby enriching the existing body of literature.

Supporting Institution

yok

Thanks

yokk

References

  • Apitzsch, E. (2006). Collective collapse in team sports: A Theoretical approach. In F. Boen, B. de Cuyper., & J. Opdenacker (Eds.), Current research topics in exercise and sport psychology in Europe (pp. 35–46). Leuven, LannooCampus
  • Altıntaş, A., & Akalan, C. (2008). Zihinsel antrenman ve yüksek performans. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000131
  • Avşar, Y., Balcı, A.T., Kocabaş, A., & Konter, E. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının cesaret düzeylerine göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri. In the proceedings of the 15. International Classroom Teacher Education Symposium, 11-14 May, Muğla.
  • Avşar, Y. (2018). 10-12 Yaş grubu öğrencilerin bireysel değişkenleri, beden eğitimi, oyun ve spor katılımlarına göre sosyal duygusal öğrenme becerileri ve cesaretleri. Master's thesis, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Educational Sciences, İzmir
  • Beckmann, J., & Nash, C. (2018). Sports coaching for lifelong development: A Sustainable ambition? Manuscript, Technical University of Munich.
  • Brewer, B.W. (2009). Introduction. In: Sport Psychology, Edt: Brewer, B.W. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Biçer, T. (1998). Doruk performans. (2. Baskı). Beyaz Yayınları.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2010). Sportif performansa psikolojik bakış. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, (5), 29-35. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/370574
  • Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes’ life stress–burnout relationship: the moderating roles of athletic mental energy, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 3007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03007
  • Cigrovski, V., Radman, I., Konter, E., Ocic, M., & Ružic, L. (2018). Sport courage, worry and fear in relation to success of alpine ski learning, Sports, 6(3), Article 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030096
  • Cook, D. B., & Davis, J. M. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science, Nutrition reviews, 64(7 Pt 2), Article 16910213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00251.x
  • Geneşke, E. K. (2020). Türkiye olimpiyat hazırlık merkezi (tohm) sporcularının psikolojik becerilerinin kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisinin araştırılması-ankara ili örneği. Master's thesis. Atatürk University, Winter Sports and Sports Sciences Institute, Erzurum
  • Gökkaya, D. (2017). Psikolojik beceri kıstası olarak özgüvenin elit sporcuların performansına katkısı; Boks milli takımı örneği, Master's thesis, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul
  • Güvendi, B, Türksoy, A, Güçlü, M., & Konter, E. (2018). Profesyonel güreşçilerin cesaret düzeyleri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. International Journal of Sports Exercise & Training Sciences, 4(2), 70-78. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/511813
  • Güvendi, B., Güçlü, M., & Türksoy Işım, A. (2020). Amerikan futbol (korumalı futbol) oyuncularının sporda cesaret düzeyleri ile zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 132-140 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1238912
  • Gülşen, D. B. A., Yarayan, Y. E., & Yildiz, A. B. (2023). Atletik zihinsel enerjiyi uyku davranışları bağlamında tahmin etme. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
  • Corlett, J. (2002). Virtue lost: Courage in sport. In A. Hollowchak (Ed.), Philosophy in sport (pp.454-465). Prentice Hall.
  • Corlett, J. (1996). Virtue lost: Courage in sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 23(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.1996.9714530
  • Hayes, A.F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A Regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
  • İslam, A., Konter, E., & İmamoğlu, O. (2021). Futbolcuların zihinsel antrenmanlarına göre cesaret düzeyleri. Doğar, Y. & Selçuk, M.H. (Edt.): Spor bilimlerinde araştırma ve değerlendirmeler Cilt 2 (1th Edt.), (179-206). Gece Kitaplığı
  • İslam, A. (2022). Profesyonel futbolcuların psikolojik becerileri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarına göre cesaretleri, (Ed.) O.İ. (1. Basım). Nobel Bilimsel Eserler
  • İslam, A. (2023a). Three variables in the training of female soccer players: The relationship between psychological skills, mental energy and courage. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389
  • İslam, A. (2023b). Kadın futbolcuların psikolojik becerileri ile tutumlarına göre zihinsel enerjileri. ODÜSOBİAD ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 1243-1262, https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1206721
  • İslam, A., & Öztürk, M.E. (2023). Kayak sporcularının zihinsel enerjileri ile tutkularına göre cesaretleri, Spormetre the Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 21(1), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1137033
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel
  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel
  • Konter, E. (1999). Uygulamalı spor psikolojisinde zihinsel antrenman. Nobel
  • Konter, E. (2002). Profesyonel futbolda bazı değişkenlere göre psikolojik becerilerin araştırılması. PhD thesis. Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, Adana
  • Konter, E. (2004). Profesyonel futbolcuların kaptan olup-olmamalarına göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), IX(1), 25-34 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/291959
  • Konter, E. (2005a). Profesyonel futbolcuların yaş gruplarına göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), X(1), 17-24 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/292370
  • Konter, E. (2005b). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları pozisyonlara göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(23), 21-28 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/200119
  • Konter, E. (2006). Profesyonel futbolcuların milli takımlarda yer alma düzeylerine göre psikolojik becerileri, Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 41(3), 79-86. Retrieved from: https://journalofsportsmedicine.org/full-text/165/tur
  • Konter, E. (2009). Development of A Soccer Psychological Skills Scale-16 (SPSS-16). Proceedings of the 14th. Personality, Motivation, Sport, National Sports Academy, 16-18 May, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Konter, E., & Ng, J. (2012). Development of sport courage scale. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0055-z
  • Konter, E., Ng. J., & Bayansalduz, M. (2013). Revised version of sport courage scale for children. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 1, 331-340.
  • Konter, E. (2013). Towards multidimensional-interactional model of sport courage. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 5(2), 957-968.
  • Konter, E. (2015a). Courage of association football players: Decision-making at risk. 14th European Congress of Sport Psychology, 14-19 July, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Konter, E. (2015b). Courage and football performance in the face of negative and positive circumstances. International Sport Sciences Research Congress in proceeding books-USBAK, 13-15 September, Çanakkale
  • Konter, E. (2015e). 10-13 Yaş grubu çocukların seçili kişisel değişkenlerine göre cesaret profilleri. In proceeding books of National Sports Medicine Congress, 20-22 October, Swiss Otel, Ankara.
  • Konter, E. (2017). Psychological skills of football players in relation to level of courage, individual and performance variables. 14th ISSP World Congress of Sport Psychology in proceeding books, 10-14 June, Seville, Spain.
  • Konter, E., & Beckmann, J. (2019). Courage in football, (part III). E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (eds.). In: Football psychology: From theory to practice. (1th Edt.), (pp.38-49). Routledge.
  • Konter, E., Beckmann, J., & Mallett. C.J. (2019). Psychological skills for performance development, (part XIV). E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (Eds.). In: Football psychology: From theory to practice (1th Edition), (pp.179-197). Routledge.
  • Konter, E. (2021a). Sport courage in relation to depression-anxiety-stress, self-confidence, self-control and self-management, psychological vulnerability, and sport performance, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021b). Sport courage and performance: Proactive personality, persistence, achievement Orientation, game preferences, and sport participation, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021c). Leadership power perceptions of soccer coaches in relation to grit, coach-athlete relationship, vengeance, individual and performance variables, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021d). Children sport courage in relation to anger and selected individual, sport, health, and success variables, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (eds.) (1985). Action control: From cognition to behavior. Springer.
  • Lieberman, H.R. (2007). Cognitive methods for assessing mental energy. Nutritional Neuroscience, 10(5-6), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/10284150701722273
  • Lopez, S. J. (2007). Profiling courage: Introduction to the special issue on courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 79-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228722
  • Loehr, J.E. (1986). Mental toughness training for sports. The Stephen Grene Press
  • Loehr, J.E. (2005). Leadership: full engagement for success. In The Sport psychology handbook, S. Murphy (Ed). Human Kinetics
  • Lu, F.J., Gill, D.L., Yang, C., Lee, P.F., Chiu, Y.H., Hsu, Y.W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02363
  • Lykken, D.T. (2005). Mental energy, Intelligence, 33(4), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.005
  • MacKinnon, D.P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J.H. (1995). A Simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3001_3
  • MacKinnon, D.P., Lockwood, C.M., Lockwood, J.M., West, S.G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A Comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83
  • Nesti, M. (2010). Psychology in football: Working with elite and professional players. Routledge.
  • Pury, C.L.S., & Kowaski, R.M. (2007). Human strengths, courageous actions, and general and personal courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228813
  • Pury, C.L.S., & Hensel, A.D. (2010). Are courageous actions successful actions? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435224
  • Putman, D. (2004). Psychological courage. University Press of America
  • Radhakrishnan, P., Kanmani, S., & Nandhini M. (2017). Pair programming: A Teaching and learning tool for defending student's mental energy, The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 14(2), 152-158. Retrieved from: https://iajit.org/PDF/Vol%2014,%20No.%202/7936.pdf
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R., & Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228755
  • R Core Team (2020). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from: https://www.R-project.org/
  • Savaş, M. (2019). Okul sporlarına katılan ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin imgeleme becerileri kullanımı ile sportif güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Master's thesis, Binali Yıldırım University, Institute of Health Sciences, Erzincan.
  • Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1012776
  • Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology, (pp. 290-312). American Sociological Association.
  • Sobel, M.E. (1986). Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure. Sociological Methodology, 16, 159-186. https://doi.org/10.2307/270922
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi, (5. Baskı), Nobel
  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu, (TFF). (2021). İletişim/Bölge Müdürlükleri. Erişim tarihi: 17 Haziran 2021. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=303
  • Wang, Bin. (2015). bda: Density estimation for grouped data. R Package Version 5.1.6. Comprehensive R Archive Network. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bda
  • Woodard, C. R., & Pury, C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage: Categorization and measurement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.59.2.135
  • Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology, (Sixth Edition). Human Kinetics.
  • Yalçın, İ. (2018). Profesyonel futbolcularda zihinde canlandırma ile öz güven arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması, PhD thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya
  • Yıldız, A.B., Yarayan, Y.E., Yılmaz, B., & Kuan, G. (2020) Adaptation of the athletic mental energy scale to the Turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. SPORMETRE The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.684587
  • Yıldız, A.B. (2021). Futbolcularda duygusal zekânın atletik zihinsel enerjiye etkisinde antrenör - sporcu ilişkisinin aracılık rolü, PhD thesis. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara

Futbolcuların Zihinsel Enerjileri ile Cesaretlerine Göre Psikolojik Becerileri

Year 2023, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 702 - 717, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330

Abstract

Araştırmada, futbolcuların profesyonel futbolcularda psikolojik beceriler ile sporda cesaret düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide atletik zihinsel enerjinin aracılık etkisinin olup olmadığı belirlemek amacıyla özgün teorik bir model kurulmuş ve bu model de Sobel testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya 2021-22 Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu’nun belirlediği Türkiye’deki Süper Lig, PTT 1. Lig, 2. Lig ve 3. Lig ve Amatör ve Bal Lig’lerinde futbol oynayan takımların amatör ve profesyonel futbol liglerinde oynayan 369 amatör ve profesyonel aktif futbolcu katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, kişisel bilgiler formu, “Profesyonel Futbolcularda Psikolojik Beceriler Ölçeği-16 (PFPBÖ-16)”, “Sporda Cesaret Ölçeği-31 (SCÖ-31)” ile “Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Ölçeği (AZEÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, futbolda cesaretin atletik zihinsel enerji düzeylerini olumlu olarak, atletik zihinsel enerjinin psikolojik beceri düzeylerini pozitif yönde, futbolda cesaretin futbolda psikolojik becerileri olumlu bir şekilde etkilediği ve son olarak atletik zihinsel enerjinin futbolda cesaret ve psikolojik beceri ile olan ilişkisinde aracılık etkisinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma için önerilen teorik model doğrulanmıştır. Daha sağlıklı değerlendirme yapılabilmesi adına atletik zihinsel enerji, psikolojik beceri ve sporda cesaret ile ilgili daha fazla araştırmaya gereksinim vardır. Futbolcuların cesaret, atletik zihinsel enerji ve futbolda psikolojik beceri düzeyleri ilgili psikolojik faktörleri hakkında farkındalıkları sağlanabilir. Futbolda psikolojik beceri eğitimi alt yaş gruplarındaki programlara alınmalıdır. Araştırma farklı örneklem grupların da yapılarak alanyazına katkıda bulunacağı söylenebilir.

References

  • Apitzsch, E. (2006). Collective collapse in team sports: A Theoretical approach. In F. Boen, B. de Cuyper., & J. Opdenacker (Eds.), Current research topics in exercise and sport psychology in Europe (pp. 35–46). Leuven, LannooCampus
  • Altıntaş, A., & Akalan, C. (2008). Zihinsel antrenman ve yüksek performans. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000131
  • Avşar, Y., Balcı, A.T., Kocabaş, A., & Konter, E. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarının cesaret düzeylerine göre eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri. In the proceedings of the 15. International Classroom Teacher Education Symposium, 11-14 May, Muğla.
  • Avşar, Y. (2018). 10-12 Yaş grubu öğrencilerin bireysel değişkenleri, beden eğitimi, oyun ve spor katılımlarına göre sosyal duygusal öğrenme becerileri ve cesaretleri. Master's thesis, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Educational Sciences, İzmir
  • Beckmann, J., & Nash, C. (2018). Sports coaching for lifelong development: A Sustainable ambition? Manuscript, Technical University of Munich.
  • Brewer, B.W. (2009). Introduction. In: Sport Psychology, Edt: Brewer, B.W. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Biçer, T. (1998). Doruk performans. (2. Baskı). Beyaz Yayınları.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2010). Sportif performansa psikolojik bakış. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, (5), 29-35. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/370574
  • Chiou, S. S., Hsu, Y., Chiu, Y. H., Chou, C. C., Gill, D. L., & Lu, F. J. (2020). Seeking positive strengths in buffering athletes’ life stress–burnout relationship: the moderating roles of athletic mental energy, Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 3007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03007
  • Cigrovski, V., Radman, I., Konter, E., Ocic, M., & Ružic, L. (2018). Sport courage, worry and fear in relation to success of alpine ski learning, Sports, 6(3), Article 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030096
  • Cook, D. B., & Davis, J. M. (2006). Mental energy: Defining the science, Nutrition reviews, 64(7 Pt 2), Article 16910213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00251.x
  • Geneşke, E. K. (2020). Türkiye olimpiyat hazırlık merkezi (tohm) sporcularının psikolojik becerilerinin kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisinin araştırılması-ankara ili örneği. Master's thesis. Atatürk University, Winter Sports and Sports Sciences Institute, Erzurum
  • Gökkaya, D. (2017). Psikolojik beceri kıstası olarak özgüvenin elit sporcuların performansına katkısı; Boks milli takımı örneği, Master's thesis, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul
  • Güvendi, B, Türksoy, A, Güçlü, M., & Konter, E. (2018). Profesyonel güreşçilerin cesaret düzeyleri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. International Journal of Sports Exercise & Training Sciences, 4(2), 70-78. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/511813
  • Güvendi, B., Güçlü, M., & Türksoy Işım, A. (2020). Amerikan futbol (korumalı futbol) oyuncularının sporda cesaret düzeyleri ile zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 132-140 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1238912
  • Gülşen, D. B. A., Yarayan, Y. E., & Yildiz, A. B. (2023). Atletik zihinsel enerjiyi uyku davranışları bağlamında tahmin etme. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1261294
  • Corlett, J. (2002). Virtue lost: Courage in sport. In A. Hollowchak (Ed.), Philosophy in sport (pp.454-465). Prentice Hall.
  • Corlett, J. (1996). Virtue lost: Courage in sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 23(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.1996.9714530
  • Hayes, A.F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A Regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
  • İslam, A., Konter, E., & İmamoğlu, O. (2021). Futbolcuların zihinsel antrenmanlarına göre cesaret düzeyleri. Doğar, Y. & Selçuk, M.H. (Edt.): Spor bilimlerinde araştırma ve değerlendirmeler Cilt 2 (1th Edt.), (179-206). Gece Kitaplığı
  • İslam, A. (2022). Profesyonel futbolcuların psikolojik becerileri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarına göre cesaretleri, (Ed.) O.İ. (1. Basım). Nobel Bilimsel Eserler
  • İslam, A. (2023a). Three variables in the training of female soccer players: The relationship between psychological skills, mental energy and courage. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 373-390. https://doi.org/10.19160/e-ijer.1230389
  • İslam, A. (2023b). Kadın futbolcuların psikolojik becerileri ile tutumlarına göre zihinsel enerjileri. ODÜSOBİAD ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 1243-1262, https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1206721
  • İslam, A., & Öztürk, M.E. (2023). Kayak sporcularının zihinsel enerjileri ile tutkularına göre cesaretleri, Spormetre the Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 21(1), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1137033
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel
  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel
  • Konter, E. (1999). Uygulamalı spor psikolojisinde zihinsel antrenman. Nobel
  • Konter, E. (2002). Profesyonel futbolda bazı değişkenlere göre psikolojik becerilerin araştırılması. PhD thesis. Çukurova University Institute of Social Sciences, Adana
  • Konter, E. (2004). Profesyonel futbolcuların kaptan olup-olmamalarına göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), IX(1), 25-34 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/291959
  • Konter, E. (2005a). Profesyonel futbolcuların yaş gruplarına göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması, Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), X(1), 17-24 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/292370
  • Konter, E. (2005b). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları pozisyonlara göre psikolojik becerilerinin araştırılması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(23), 21-28 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/200119
  • Konter, E. (2006). Profesyonel futbolcuların milli takımlarda yer alma düzeylerine göre psikolojik becerileri, Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 41(3), 79-86. Retrieved from: https://journalofsportsmedicine.org/full-text/165/tur
  • Konter, E. (2009). Development of A Soccer Psychological Skills Scale-16 (SPSS-16). Proceedings of the 14th. Personality, Motivation, Sport, National Sports Academy, 16-18 May, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Konter, E., & Ng, J. (2012). Development of sport courage scale. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0055-z
  • Konter, E., Ng. J., & Bayansalduz, M. (2013). Revised version of sport courage scale for children. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 1, 331-340.
  • Konter, E. (2013). Towards multidimensional-interactional model of sport courage. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 5(2), 957-968.
  • Konter, E. (2015a). Courage of association football players: Decision-making at risk. 14th European Congress of Sport Psychology, 14-19 July, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Konter, E. (2015b). Courage and football performance in the face of negative and positive circumstances. International Sport Sciences Research Congress in proceeding books-USBAK, 13-15 September, Çanakkale
  • Konter, E. (2015e). 10-13 Yaş grubu çocukların seçili kişisel değişkenlerine göre cesaret profilleri. In proceeding books of National Sports Medicine Congress, 20-22 October, Swiss Otel, Ankara.
  • Konter, E. (2017). Psychological skills of football players in relation to level of courage, individual and performance variables. 14th ISSP World Congress of Sport Psychology in proceeding books, 10-14 June, Seville, Spain.
  • Konter, E., & Beckmann, J. (2019). Courage in football, (part III). E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (eds.). In: Football psychology: From theory to practice. (1th Edt.), (pp.38-49). Routledge.
  • Konter, E., Beckmann, J., & Mallett. C.J. (2019). Psychological skills for performance development, (part XIV). E. Konter, J. Beckmann, and Loughead (Eds.). In: Football psychology: From theory to practice (1th Edition), (pp.179-197). Routledge.
  • Konter, E. (2021a). Sport courage in relation to depression-anxiety-stress, self-confidence, self-control and self-management, psychological vulnerability, and sport performance, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021b). Sport courage and performance: Proactive personality, persistence, achievement Orientation, game preferences, and sport participation, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021c). Leadership power perceptions of soccer coaches in relation to grit, coach-athlete relationship, vengeance, individual and performance variables, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Konter, E. (2021d). Children sport courage in relation to anger and selected individual, sport, health, and success variables, 15th World Congress of the International Society of Sports Psychology-ISSP in proceeding books, September 30-October 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (eds.) (1985). Action control: From cognition to behavior. Springer.
  • Lieberman, H.R. (2007). Cognitive methods for assessing mental energy. Nutritional Neuroscience, 10(5-6), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/10284150701722273
  • Lopez, S. J. (2007). Profiling courage: Introduction to the special issue on courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 79-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228722
  • Loehr, J.E. (1986). Mental toughness training for sports. The Stephen Grene Press
  • Loehr, J.E. (2005). Leadership: full engagement for success. In The Sport psychology handbook, S. Murphy (Ed). Human Kinetics
  • Lu, F.J., Gill, D.L., Yang, C., Lee, P.F., Chiu, Y.H., Hsu, Y.W., & Kuan, G. (2018). Measuring athletic mental energy (AME): instrument development and validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02363
  • Lykken, D.T. (2005). Mental energy, Intelligence, 33(4), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2005.03.005
  • MacKinnon, D.P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J.H. (1995). A Simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3001_3
  • MacKinnon, D.P., Lockwood, C.M., Lockwood, J.M., West, S.G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A Comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.83
  • Nesti, M. (2010). Psychology in football: Working with elite and professional players. Routledge.
  • Pury, C.L.S., & Kowaski, R.M. (2007). Human strengths, courageous actions, and general and personal courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228813
  • Pury, C.L.S., & Hensel, A.D. (2010). Are courageous actions successful actions? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903435224
  • Putman, D. (2004). Psychological courage. University Press of America
  • Radhakrishnan, P., Kanmani, S., & Nandhini M. (2017). Pair programming: A Teaching and learning tool for defending student's mental energy, The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 14(2), 152-158. Retrieved from: https://iajit.org/PDF/Vol%2014,%20No.%202/7936.pdf
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R., & Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228755
  • R Core Team (2020). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from: https://www.R-project.org/
  • Savaş, M. (2019). Okul sporlarına katılan ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin imgeleme becerileri kullanımı ile sportif güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Master's thesis, Binali Yıldırım University, Institute of Health Sciences, Erzincan.
  • Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12 Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1012776
  • Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology, (pp. 290-312). American Sociological Association.
  • Sobel, M.E. (1986). Some new results on indirect effects and their standard errors in covariance structure. Sociological Methodology, 16, 159-186. https://doi.org/10.2307/270922
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi, (5. Baskı), Nobel
  • Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu, (TFF). (2021). İletişim/Bölge Müdürlükleri. Erişim tarihi: 17 Haziran 2021. https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=303
  • Wang, Bin. (2015). bda: Density estimation for grouped data. R Package Version 5.1.6. Comprehensive R Archive Network. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bda
  • Woodard, C. R., & Pury, C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage: Categorization and measurement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.59.2.135
  • Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology, (Sixth Edition). Human Kinetics.
  • Yalçın, İ. (2018). Profesyonel futbolcularda zihinde canlandırma ile öz güven arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması, PhD thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Educational Sciences, Sakarya
  • Yıldız, A.B., Yarayan, Y.E., Yılmaz, B., & Kuan, G. (2020) Adaptation of the athletic mental energy scale to the Turkish language and investigation of its psychometric properties. SPORMETRE The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(3), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.684587
  • Yıldız, A.B. (2021). Futbolcularda duygusal zekânın atletik zihinsel enerjiye etkisinde antrenör - sporcu ilişkisinin aracılık rolü, PhD thesis. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara
There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet İslam 0000-0001-6735-1583

Halil İbrahim Ceylan 0000-0003-1133-5511

Mehmet Ertuğrul Öztürk 0000-0002-4801-7632

Early Pub Date December 3, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date August 16, 2023
Acceptance Date November 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İslam, A., Ceylan, H. İ., & Öztürk, M. E. (2023). The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 702-717. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330
AMA İslam A, Ceylan Hİ, Öztürk ME. The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players. CBÜ BESBD. December 2023;18(2):702-717. doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330
Chicago İslam, Ahmet, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, and Mehmet Ertuğrul Öztürk. “The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18, no. 2 (December 2023): 702-17. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330.
EndNote İslam A, Ceylan Hİ, Öztürk ME (December 1, 2023) The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18 2 702–717.
IEEE A. İslam, H. İ. Ceylan, and M. E. Öztürk, “The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players”, CBÜ BESBD, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 702–717, 2023, doi: 10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330.
ISNAD İslam, Ahmet et al. “The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 18/2 (December 2023), 702-717. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330.
JAMA İslam A, Ceylan Hİ, Öztürk ME. The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players. CBÜ BESBD. 2023;18:702–717.
MLA İslam, Ahmet et al. “The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players”. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 2, 2023, pp. 702-17, doi:10.33459/cbubesbd.1344330.
Vancouver İslam A, Ceylan Hİ, Öztürk ME. The Effect of Mental Energy on Psychological Skills and Courage in Soccer Players. CBÜ BESBD. 2023;18(2):702-17.