Review
BibTex RIS Cite

An Investigation of Using Non-Pharmacological Methods in Pain Management in Postoperative Period in Children: A Systematic Review

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 172 - 190

Tuba Gıynaş Ayçin Ezgi Önel Sevgim Küçük Seval Uğur Figen Yardımcı

https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1431585

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological methods used by nurses in the management of postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0-18 years. In this descriptive study, the research population consisted of studies that were accessed from the National Thesis Center database by using the keywords “pediatric”, “pain”, “surgical”, “postoperative”, “and non-pharmacological” in different combinations in the literature search and that examined non-pharmacological methods used for pain management in the postoperative period in pediatric patients between the ages of 0-18 years in the last seven years and were conducted in experimental design. This systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart steps. A total of 1185 individuals, including 905 children and 280 parents, took part in 11 studies. The mean age of the children in the studies was 6.6 years (min-max). The most preferred scale to measure pain in the postoperative period was the Wong-Baker Facial Pain Scale (7 studies). Non-pharmacologic methods used in the studies included distraction (5 studies), therapeutic play (3 studies), distraction and therapeutic play (1 study), massage therapy (1 study), and music therapy (1 study). Different non-pharmacological methods used in the postoperative period are effective in reducing pain levels in children.

Keywords

Child Non-Pharmacologic Pain Postoperative Surgical

References

  • Akdağ, M. Y. (2019). The effect of mobilization of environmental play on fear and pain levels in the postoperative period between 6-12 years old children with acute appendicitis. (Thesis No. 625819) [Master Thesis, İstanbul Okan University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Alm, F., Lundeberg, S., & Ericsson, E. (2021). Postoperative pain, pain management, and recovery at home after pediatric tonsil surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 278, 451-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06367-z
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). (2023, June). https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/pain-management-in-infants-children-adolescents-and-individuals-with-special-health-care-needs
  • Andersen, R. D., Olsson, E., & Eriksson, M. (2021). The evidence supporting the association between the use of pain scales and outcomes in hospitalized children: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103840
  • Atak, M. (2018). The effect of different audio distraction methots on children’s postoperative pain and anxiety. (Thesis No. 527594) [Master Thesis, Bursa Uludağ University]. https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/server/api/core/bitstreams/e84d23b0-f4b6-498d-bbb9-0815fed6fdc3/content
  • Ay, F. (2018). Treatment of postoperative pain and non-pharmacologic practices in nursing systematic review: Results of Turkish doctoral dissertation in 2000-2015. Ağrı, 30(2), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2018.28247
  • Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Gümüş, S. (2018). Eğitim yönetim sistemleri denetleyicileri. K. Beycioğlu, N. Özer, Y. Kondakçı (Ed.), Eğitim Yönetiminde Araştırma içinde (ss. 507-508). Pegem Akademi.
  • Binay, Ş. (2019). The investigation of effects of watching animation education film in the pre-operative period on fear and post-operative pain in children. (Thesis No. 543823) [Master Thesis, Ege University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=492_wmXKj2cPAJGv7jif5Q&no=Y_qvkbMxKGxwk0MfCV9Y6g
  • Binay Ş. Y., & Yilmaz, H. B. (2022). The effects of designing an educational animation movie in virtual reality on preoperative fear and postoperative pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing: Official Journal of The American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 37(3), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.015
  • Buffel, C., van Aalst, J., Bangels, A. M., Toelen, J., Allegaert, K., Verschueren, S., & Vander Stichele, G. (2019). A web-based serious game for health to reduce perioperative anxiety and pain in children (CliniPup): pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Serious Games, 7(2), e12431. https://doi.org/10.2196/12431
  • Bulut, M., Alemdar, D. K., Bulut, A., & Şalcı, G. (2020). The effect of music therapy, hand massage, and kaleidoscope usage on postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, fear, and stress in children: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing: Official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 35(6), 649-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.013
  • Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. (2008). Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. University of York, 2008 Published by CRD, University of York: York Publishing Services Ltd, ISBN 978-1-900640-47-3.
  • Chatchumni, M., Namvongprom, A., Eriksson, H., & Mazaheri, M. (2016). Thai nurses’ experiences of postoperative pain assessment and its’ influence on pain management decisions. BMC Nursing, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12912-016-0136
  • Chieng, Y. J., Chan, W. C., Klainin-Yobas, P., & He, H.G. (2014). Perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain in children and adolescents undergoing elective surgical procedures: a quantitative systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(2):243-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12205
  • Chng, H. Y., He, H. G., Chan, S. W. C., Liam, J. L. W., Zhu, L., & Cheng, K. K. F. (2015). Parents’ knowledge, attitudes, use of pain relief methods and satisfaction related to their children's postoperative pain management: a descriptive correlational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(11-12), 1630-1642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12764
  • Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., de Leon-Casasola, O. A., Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., ..., & Wu, C. L. (2016). Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 131-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008
  • Christaens, G. (2003). Independent nursing interventions for pain management. Home Health Care Management & Practice (HHCMP), 15, 212-214.
  • Cote, C. J., & Wilson, S. (2016). Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: update 2016. Pediatric Dentistry, 38(4), E19-E39. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1212
  • Crevatin, F., Cozzi, G., Braido, E., Bertossa, G., Rizzitelli, P., Lionetti, D., ..., & Barbi, E. (2016). Hand‐ held computers can help to distract children undergoing painful venipuncture procedures. Acta Paediatrica, 105(8), 930-934. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13454
  • Crowe, L., Chang, A., Fraser, J. A., Gaskill, D., Nash, R., & Wallace, K. (2008). Systematic review of the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing or relieving post‐operative pain. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, 6(4), 396-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2008.00113.x
  • Çağlar, S., & Yıldız, S. (2019). Çocuklarda ağrı yönetiminde nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı çalışmalar: Sistematik derleme. Özyazıcıoğlu N (Ed.), Çocuklarda Ağrı ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları içinde (ss. 104-110). Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Çelebioğlu, A., Küçükoğlu, S., & Odabaşoğlu, E. (2015). Turkish nurses' use of nonpharmacological methods for relieving children's postoperative pain. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 21(5), 30-35.
  • Çiçek, B. (2021). The effect of guided imagining technique on reducing postoperative pain in children. (Thesis No. 663757) [Master Thesis, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=gpWQicMsMFokPn5t_iFynw&no=CIG-z6IlqKxieJi3H5xEgA.
  • Çimke, S. (2019). The effect of hand massage on pain, emotional sings, and physiological parameters of children after abdominal surgery. (Thesis No. 614921) [Doctoral Thesis, Erciyes University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=gpWQicMsMFokPn5t_iFynw&no=CIG-z6IlqKxieJi3H5xEgA.
  • Dehghan, Z., Reyhani, T., Mohammadpour, V., Aemmi, S. Z., Shojaeian, R., & Asghari, N. S. M. (2017). The effectiveness of dramatic puppet and therapeutic play in anxiety reduction in children undergoing surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 19(3), e41178. https://archive.ircmj.com/article/19/3/1690
  • Díaz-Rodríguez, M., Alcántara-Rubio, L., Aguilar-García, D., Pérez-Muñoz, C., Carretero-Bravo, J., & Puertas-Cristóbal, E. (2021). The effect of play on pain and anxiety in children in the field of nursing: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.022.
  • Dinçer, S. (2018). Content analysis in scientific research: Meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, and descriptive content analysis. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 7(1), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.363159
  • Erickson, F. (1958) Reactions of children to hospital experience. Nursing Outlook 6, 501-504.
  • Gerrish, K., & Lacey, A. (2010). The research process in nursing. (6th ed., pp. 79-92, 188-198, 284-302). London: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gezginci, E., Suluhan, D., & Caliskan, M. B. (2021). Is tablet-based interactive distraction effective on pain and anxiety during circumcision in children? A randomized controlled trial. Turkish Journal of Urology, 47(6), 518-525. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2021.21228
  • Godino-Iáñez, M. J., Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Suleiman-Martos, N., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Vargas-Román, K., Membrive-Jiménez, M. J., & Albendín-García, L. (2020). Play Therapy as an ıntervention in hospitalized children: a systematic review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 8(3), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030239
  • Gökağaç, E. (2019). Effect of music on postoperative pain reduction in children undergoing cardiac surgery. (Thesis No. 567895) [Master Thesis, Aydın Adnan Menderes University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Harrison, T. M., Brown, R., Duffey, T., Frey, C., Bailey, J., Nist, M. D., Renner, L., & Fitch, J. (2020). Effects of massage on postoperative pain in ınfants with complex congenital heart disease. Nursing Research, 69(5S,1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000459
  • He, H. G., Zhu, L., Chan, S. W., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Wang, W. (2015a). The effectiveness of therapeutic play intervention in reducing perioperative anxiety, negative behaviors, and postoperative pain in children undergoing elective surgery: a systematic review. Pain Management Nursing: Official Journal of The American Society of Pain Management Nurses, 16(3), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2014.08.011
  • He, H. G., Zhu, L., Chan, S. W., Liam, J. L., Li, H. C., Ko, S. S., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Wang, W. (2015b). Therapeutic play intervention on children's perioperative anxiety, negative emotional manifestation and postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(5), 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12608
  • Herdman, T. H., & Kamitsu, S. (2017). NANDA hemşirelik tanıları: tanımlar & sınıflandırma 2015-2017. R. Acaroğlu ve H. Kaya (Ed.), Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Huang, Y. L., Lei, Y. Q., Liu, J. F., Cao, H., Yu, X. R., & Chen, Q. (2021a). Comparison of the effectiveness of music video therapy and music therapy on pain after cardiothoracic surgery in preschool children. The Heart Surgery Forum, 24(2), E299-E304. https://doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3509
  • Huang, Y. L., Lei, Y. Q., Liu, J. F., Cao, H., Yu, X. R., & Chen, Q. (2021b). The music video therapy in postoperative analgesia in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 36(7), 2308-2313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.15551
  • Huang, Y. L., Lin, W. H., & Chen, Q. (2022). Music video therapy can be an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention in relieving children's postoperative pain after cardiothoracic surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 37(1), 261. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.16114
  • Jenkins, B. N., Fortier, M. A., Stevenson, R., Makhlouf, M., Lim, P., Converse, R., & Kain, Z. N. (2019). Changing healthcare provider and parent behaviors in the pediatric post‐anesthesia‐care‐unit to reduce child pain: Nurse and parent training in postoperative stress. Pediatric Anesthesia, 29(7), 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.13649
  • Kaheni, S., Rezai, S. M., Bagheri, N. M., & Goudarzian, A. H. (2016). The effect of distraction technique on the pain of dressing change among 3-6 year-old children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(4), 1603-1610. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2016.6699
  • Karaçam, Z., (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. [Systematic review methodology: a guide for preparation of systematic review]. Dokuz Eylül University Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi 6(1), 26-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/753523
  • Karakaya, S. Ö., (2018). Effect of puppet show applied to cırcumcised children during operation on children's anxiety and pain levels (Thesis No. 521037) [Master Thesis, Karabük University]. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/644099/yokAcikBilim_10217579.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
  • Kiche, M. T., & Almeida, F. D. A. (2009). Brinquedo terapêutico: estratégia de alívio da dor e tensão durante o curativo cirúrgico em crianças. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 22, 125-130.
  • Kurt, A. (2017). The effect of distraction techniques (finger puppet plays) on the postoperative pain relief in children. (Thesis No. 487103) [Master Thesis, Bülent Ecevit University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=aUcsvz7GLya7u44tpYobsQ&no=m5EKEOISrJAFKvBnriVzaw
  • Kwekkeboom, K. L., & Gretarsdottir, E. (2006). Systematic review of relaxation ınterventions for pain. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38, 69-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00113.x
  • Li, H. C., & Lopez, V. (2008) Effectiveness and appropriateness of therapeutic play intervention in preparing children for surgery: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 13(2), 63- 73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2008.00138.x
  • Li, H. C., Lopez, V., & Lee T.L. (2007) Effects of preoperative therapeutic play on outcomes of school-age children undergoing day surgery. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(3), 320- 332. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20191
  • Matthyssens, L. E., Vanhulle, A., Seldenslach, L., Vander Stichele, G., Coppens, M., & Van Hoecke, E. (2020). A pilot study of the effectiveness of a serious game CliniPup® on perioperative anxiety and pain in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 55(2), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.031
  • Metlek, S. (2021). The effect of therapeutic game on the pain and anxiety levels of children and the anxiety levels of the parents in the before and after circium period. (Thesis No. 732978) [Master Thesis, Haliç University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Miftah, R., Tilahun, W., Fantahun, A., Adulkadir, S., & Gebrekirstos, K. (2017). Knowledge and factors associated with pain management for hospitalized children among nurses working in public hospitals in Mekelle City, North Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13104-017-2446-7
  • Miladinia, M., Baraz, S., & Zarea, K. (2016). Controlling acute post-operative pain in Iranian children with using of music therapy. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(5):1725-30. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2016.6742
  • Millett, C. R., & Gooding, L. F. (2017). Comparing active and passive distraction-based music therapy interventions on preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients and their caregivers. Journal of Music Therapy, 54(4), 460-478. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thx014
  • Nelson, K., Adamek, M., & Kleiber, C. (2017). Relaxation training and postoperative music therapy for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Pain Management Nursing, 18(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.10.005
  • Oğul, T., & Kurt, F. Y. (2021). Pediatri alanında aile merkezli bakıma yönelik yapılan çalışmaların retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. [Retrospective ınvestigation of studies on family-centered care in the field of pediatrics]. Journal of Infant, Child and Adolescent Health, 1(1), 11-20. https://jicah.com/index.php/pub/article/view/2
  • Özveren, H., & Uçar, H. (2009). Öğrenci hemşirelerin ağrı kontrolünde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan bazı yöntemlere ilişkin bilgileri. [The knowledge of student nurses on some non-pharmacological methods used in the pain control]. Hacettepe Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 16(3): 59-72. 5. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/88533
  • Özveren H. (2011). Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. [Non-Pharmacological methods at pain management]. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 18, 83-92. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunhemsire/issue/7838/103252
  • Özveren, H., Faydalı, S., & Özdemir, S. (2016). Hemşirelerin ağrının farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerle kontrolüne ilişkin bilgi ve uygulamaları. [The knowledge and practices of nurses about pain management with non-pharmacological methods]. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 85(4), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.286714
  • Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ..., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
  • Pasero, C., & McCaffery, M. (2004). Comfort-Function Goals: A way to establish accountability for pain relief. The American Journal of Nursing, 104(9), 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200409000-00037
  • Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2001). Nonpharmacological methods in relieving children's postoperative pain: a survey on hospital nurses in Finland. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(4), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01777
  • Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2002). Parents' roles in using non-pharmacological methods in their child's postoperative pain alleviation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(4), 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00613.x
  • Rantala, A., Pikkarainen, M., & Pölkki, T. (2020b). Health specialists’ views on the needs for developing a digital gaming solution for paediatric day surgery: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17-18), 3541-3552. 10.1111/jocn.15393
  • Rantala, A., Pikkarainen, M., Miettunen, J., He, H. G., & Pölkki, T. (2020a). The effectiveness of web-based mobile health interventions in paediatric outpatient surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(8), 1949-1960. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14381
  • Smith, H. S. (2009). Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clinic Proceedings Home, 84 (7), 613-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60750-7
  • Sng, Q. W., He, H. G., Wang, W., Taylor, B., Chow, A., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Zhu, L. (2017). A meta-synthesis of children's experiences of postoperative pain management. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12185
  • Staveski, S. L., Boulanger, K., Erman, L., Lin, L., Almgren, C., Journel, C., Roth, S. J., & Golianu, B. (2018). The impact of massage and reading on children's pain and anxiety after cardiovascular surgery: a pilot study. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 19(8), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001615
  • Topkaya, E. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Güncelleştirilmiş 5. Baskı. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 2(2), 113-118.
  • Tuncay, S. (2021). The effect of therapeutic game and animation initiative on the fear, anxiety and pain of children with circumcision surgery and anxiety of parents. (Thesis No. 666492) [Doctoral Thesis, Atatürk University].
  • Turgut, A. (2021). The effect of virtual reality application on anxiety, pain and family satisfaction in the perioperative process of children. (Thesis No. 661224) [Master Thesis, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Twycross, A., & Collis, S. (2013). How well is acute pain in children managed? A snapshot in one English hospital. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e204-e215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.01.003
  • Ullán, A. M., Belver, M. H., Fernández, E., Lorente, F., Badía, M., & Fernández, B. (2014). The effect of a program to promote play to reduce children's post-surgical pain: with plush toys, it hurts less. Pain Management Nursing, 15(1), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.10.004
  • Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. [Descriptive content analysis in social sciences]. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (10), 188-201. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.871703
  • Wong, D. L., & Baker, C. M. (1988). Pain in children: Comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric Nursing, 14(1):9-17. PMID: 3344163.
  • Yardımcı, F. (2015). Akut ağrılı çocukların bakımı: cerrahi, işlemsel ve travmatik ağrı. (Ed.), Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastanın Hemşirelik Bakımı [Nursing care of the pediatric surgery patient] içinde (ss. 69-85). Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Yayan, E. H., Zengin, M., Düken, M. E., & Suna Dağ, Y. (2020). Reducing children's pain and parents' anxiety in the postoperative period: a therapeutic model in turkish sample. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 51, e33-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.07.004
  • Yılmaz, K. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde ve eğitim bilimlerinde sistematik derleme, meta değerlendirme ve bibliyometrik analizler. [Systematic review, meta evaluation, and bibliometric analysis in social sciences and educational sciences]. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(2), 1457-1490. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.791537
  • Yu, K. E., & Kim, J. S. (2021). Pediatric postoperative pain management in Korea: Parental attitudes toward pain and analgesics, self-efficacy, and pain management. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 58, e28-e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.002
  • Zieliński, J., Morawska-Kochman, M., & Zatoński, T. (2020). Pain assessment and management in children in the postoperative period: A review of the most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 29(3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/112600

Çocuklarda Postoperatif Dönemde Ağrı Tedavisinde Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemlerin Kullanımının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 172 - 190

Tuba Gıynaş Ayçin Ezgi Önel Sevgim Küçük Seval Uğur Figen Yardımcı

https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1431585

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı 0-18 yaş arası çocuk hastalarda postoperatif ağrı yönetiminde hemşirelerin kullandıkları nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin ağrı düzeyinin azaltılmasındaki etkinliğinin incelenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından “pediatrik”, “ağrı”, “cerrahi”, “postoperatif”, “nonfarmakolojik” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak ulaşılan çalışmalar oluşturmuştur. Literatür taramasında farklı kombinasyonların kullanıldığı ve son yedi yılda 0-18 yaş arası pediatrik hastalarda postoperatif dönemde ağrı tedavisinde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerin incelendiği ve deneysel tasarımda yürütüldüğü bir çalışmadır. Bu sistematik inceleme PRISMA akış şeması adımları kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. 11 çalışmaya 905'i çocuk, 280'i ebeveyn olmak üzere toplam 1185 kişi katıldı. Çalışmalara katılan çocukların yaş ortalaması 6,6 (min-max) idi. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde ağrıyı ölçmek için en çok tercih edilen ölçek Wong Baker Yüz Ağrı Ölçeği olmuştur (7 çalışma). Çalışmalarda kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler arasında dikkat dağıtma (5 çalışma), terapötik oyun (3 çalışma), dikkat dağıtma ve terapötik oyun (1 çalışma), masaj terapisi (1 çalışma) ve müzik terapisi (1 çalışma) yer almaktadır. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde kullanılan farklı farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler çocuklarda ağrı düzeyinin azaltılmasında etkilidir.

Keywords

Çocuk Nonfarmakolojik Ağrı Postoperatif Cerrahi

References

  • Akdağ, M. Y. (2019). The effect of mobilization of environmental play on fear and pain levels in the postoperative period between 6-12 years old children with acute appendicitis. (Thesis No. 625819) [Master Thesis, İstanbul Okan University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Alm, F., Lundeberg, S., & Ericsson, E. (2021). Postoperative pain, pain management, and recovery at home after pediatric tonsil surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 278, 451-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06367-z
  • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). (2023, June). https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-health-policies--recommendations/pain-management-in-infants-children-adolescents-and-individuals-with-special-health-care-needs
  • Andersen, R. D., Olsson, E., & Eriksson, M. (2021). The evidence supporting the association between the use of pain scales and outcomes in hospitalized children: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 115, 103840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103840
  • Atak, M. (2018). The effect of different audio distraction methots on children’s postoperative pain and anxiety. (Thesis No. 527594) [Master Thesis, Bursa Uludağ University]. https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/server/api/core/bitstreams/e84d23b0-f4b6-498d-bbb9-0815fed6fdc3/content
  • Ay, F. (2018). Treatment of postoperative pain and non-pharmacologic practices in nursing systematic review: Results of Turkish doctoral dissertation in 2000-2015. Ağrı, 30(2), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2018.28247
  • Bellibaş, M. Ş., & Gümüş, S. (2018). Eğitim yönetim sistemleri denetleyicileri. K. Beycioğlu, N. Özer, Y. Kondakçı (Ed.), Eğitim Yönetiminde Araştırma içinde (ss. 507-508). Pegem Akademi.
  • Binay, Ş. (2019). The investigation of effects of watching animation education film in the pre-operative period on fear and post-operative pain in children. (Thesis No. 543823) [Master Thesis, Ege University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=492_wmXKj2cPAJGv7jif5Q&no=Y_qvkbMxKGxwk0MfCV9Y6g
  • Binay Ş. Y., & Yilmaz, H. B. (2022). The effects of designing an educational animation movie in virtual reality on preoperative fear and postoperative pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing: Official Journal of The American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 37(3), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.015
  • Buffel, C., van Aalst, J., Bangels, A. M., Toelen, J., Allegaert, K., Verschueren, S., & Vander Stichele, G. (2019). A web-based serious game for health to reduce perioperative anxiety and pain in children (CliniPup): pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Serious Games, 7(2), e12431. https://doi.org/10.2196/12431
  • Bulut, M., Alemdar, D. K., Bulut, A., & Şalcı, G. (2020). The effect of music therapy, hand massage, and kaleidoscope usage on postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, fear, and stress in children: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing: Official Journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, 35(6), 649-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.013
  • Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. (2008). Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. University of York, 2008 Published by CRD, University of York: York Publishing Services Ltd, ISBN 978-1-900640-47-3.
  • Chatchumni, M., Namvongprom, A., Eriksson, H., & Mazaheri, M. (2016). Thai nurses’ experiences of postoperative pain assessment and its’ influence on pain management decisions. BMC Nursing, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12912-016-0136
  • Chieng, Y. J., Chan, W. C., Klainin-Yobas, P., & He, H.G. (2014). Perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain in children and adolescents undergoing elective surgical procedures: a quantitative systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(2):243-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12205
  • Chng, H. Y., He, H. G., Chan, S. W. C., Liam, J. L. W., Zhu, L., & Cheng, K. K. F. (2015). Parents’ knowledge, attitudes, use of pain relief methods and satisfaction related to their children's postoperative pain management: a descriptive correlational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(11-12), 1630-1642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12764
  • Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., de Leon-Casasola, O. A., Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., ..., & Wu, C. L. (2016). Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 131-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008
  • Christaens, G. (2003). Independent nursing interventions for pain management. Home Health Care Management & Practice (HHCMP), 15, 212-214.
  • Cote, C. J., & Wilson, S. (2016). Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: update 2016. Pediatric Dentistry, 38(4), E19-E39. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1212
  • Crevatin, F., Cozzi, G., Braido, E., Bertossa, G., Rizzitelli, P., Lionetti, D., ..., & Barbi, E. (2016). Hand‐ held computers can help to distract children undergoing painful venipuncture procedures. Acta Paediatrica, 105(8), 930-934. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13454
  • Crowe, L., Chang, A., Fraser, J. A., Gaskill, D., Nash, R., & Wallace, K. (2008). Systematic review of the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing or relieving post‐operative pain. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, 6(4), 396-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2008.00113.x
  • Çağlar, S., & Yıldız, S. (2019). Çocuklarda ağrı yönetiminde nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin kullanıldığı çalışmalar: Sistematik derleme. Özyazıcıoğlu N (Ed.), Çocuklarda Ağrı ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları içinde (ss. 104-110). Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Çelebioğlu, A., Küçükoğlu, S., & Odabaşoğlu, E. (2015). Turkish nurses' use of nonpharmacological methods for relieving children's postoperative pain. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 21(5), 30-35.
  • Çiçek, B. (2021). The effect of guided imagining technique on reducing postoperative pain in children. (Thesis No. 663757) [Master Thesis, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=gpWQicMsMFokPn5t_iFynw&no=CIG-z6IlqKxieJi3H5xEgA.
  • Çimke, S. (2019). The effect of hand massage on pain, emotional sings, and physiological parameters of children after abdominal surgery. (Thesis No. 614921) [Doctoral Thesis, Erciyes University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=gpWQicMsMFokPn5t_iFynw&no=CIG-z6IlqKxieJi3H5xEgA.
  • Dehghan, Z., Reyhani, T., Mohammadpour, V., Aemmi, S. Z., Shojaeian, R., & Asghari, N. S. M. (2017). The effectiveness of dramatic puppet and therapeutic play in anxiety reduction in children undergoing surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 19(3), e41178. https://archive.ircmj.com/article/19/3/1690
  • Díaz-Rodríguez, M., Alcántara-Rubio, L., Aguilar-García, D., Pérez-Muñoz, C., Carretero-Bravo, J., & Puertas-Cristóbal, E. (2021). The effect of play on pain and anxiety in children in the field of nursing: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.022.
  • Dinçer, S. (2018). Content analysis in scientific research: Meta-analysis, meta-synthesis, and descriptive content analysis. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 7(1), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.363159
  • Erickson, F. (1958) Reactions of children to hospital experience. Nursing Outlook 6, 501-504.
  • Gerrish, K., & Lacey, A. (2010). The research process in nursing. (6th ed., pp. 79-92, 188-198, 284-302). London: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Gezginci, E., Suluhan, D., & Caliskan, M. B. (2021). Is tablet-based interactive distraction effective on pain and anxiety during circumcision in children? A randomized controlled trial. Turkish Journal of Urology, 47(6), 518-525. https://doi.org/10.5152/tud.2021.21228
  • Godino-Iáñez, M. J., Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Suleiman-Martos, N., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Vargas-Román, K., Membrive-Jiménez, M. J., & Albendín-García, L. (2020). Play Therapy as an ıntervention in hospitalized children: a systematic review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 8(3), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030239
  • Gökağaç, E. (2019). Effect of music on postoperative pain reduction in children undergoing cardiac surgery. (Thesis No. 567895) [Master Thesis, Aydın Adnan Menderes University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Harrison, T. M., Brown, R., Duffey, T., Frey, C., Bailey, J., Nist, M. D., Renner, L., & Fitch, J. (2020). Effects of massage on postoperative pain in ınfants with complex congenital heart disease. Nursing Research, 69(5S,1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000459
  • He, H. G., Zhu, L., Chan, S. W., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Wang, W. (2015a). The effectiveness of therapeutic play intervention in reducing perioperative anxiety, negative behaviors, and postoperative pain in children undergoing elective surgery: a systematic review. Pain Management Nursing: Official Journal of The American Society of Pain Management Nurses, 16(3), 425-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2014.08.011
  • He, H. G., Zhu, L., Chan, S. W., Liam, J. L., Li, H. C., Ko, S. S., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Wang, W. (2015b). Therapeutic play intervention on children's perioperative anxiety, negative emotional manifestation and postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 71(5), 1032-1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12608
  • Herdman, T. H., & Kamitsu, S. (2017). NANDA hemşirelik tanıları: tanımlar & sınıflandırma 2015-2017. R. Acaroğlu ve H. Kaya (Ed.), Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Huang, Y. L., Lei, Y. Q., Liu, J. F., Cao, H., Yu, X. R., & Chen, Q. (2021a). Comparison of the effectiveness of music video therapy and music therapy on pain after cardiothoracic surgery in preschool children. The Heart Surgery Forum, 24(2), E299-E304. https://doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3509
  • Huang, Y. L., Lei, Y. Q., Liu, J. F., Cao, H., Yu, X. R., & Chen, Q. (2021b). The music video therapy in postoperative analgesia in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 36(7), 2308-2313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.15551
  • Huang, Y. L., Lin, W. H., & Chen, Q. (2022). Music video therapy can be an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention in relieving children's postoperative pain after cardiothoracic surgery. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, 37(1), 261. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.16114
  • Jenkins, B. N., Fortier, M. A., Stevenson, R., Makhlouf, M., Lim, P., Converse, R., & Kain, Z. N. (2019). Changing healthcare provider and parent behaviors in the pediatric post‐anesthesia‐care‐unit to reduce child pain: Nurse and parent training in postoperative stress. Pediatric Anesthesia, 29(7), 730-737. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.13649
  • Kaheni, S., Rezai, S. M., Bagheri, N. M., & Goudarzian, A. H. (2016). The effect of distraction technique on the pain of dressing change among 3-6 year-old children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(4), 1603-1610. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2016.6699
  • Karaçam, Z., (2013). Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. [Systematic review methodology: a guide for preparation of systematic review]. Dokuz Eylül University Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi 6(1), 26-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/753523
  • Karakaya, S. Ö., (2018). Effect of puppet show applied to cırcumcised children during operation on children's anxiety and pain levels (Thesis No. 521037) [Master Thesis, Karabük University]. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/644099/yokAcikBilim_10217579.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
  • Kiche, M. T., & Almeida, F. D. A. (2009). Brinquedo terapêutico: estratégia de alívio da dor e tensão durante o curativo cirúrgico em crianças. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 22, 125-130.
  • Kurt, A. (2017). The effect of distraction techniques (finger puppet plays) on the postoperative pain relief in children. (Thesis No. 487103) [Master Thesis, Bülent Ecevit University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=aUcsvz7GLya7u44tpYobsQ&no=m5EKEOISrJAFKvBnriVzaw
  • Kwekkeboom, K. L., & Gretarsdottir, E. (2006). Systematic review of relaxation ınterventions for pain. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38, 69-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00113.x
  • Li, H. C., & Lopez, V. (2008) Effectiveness and appropriateness of therapeutic play intervention in preparing children for surgery: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 13(2), 63- 73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2008.00138.x
  • Li, H. C., Lopez, V., & Lee T.L. (2007) Effects of preoperative therapeutic play on outcomes of school-age children undergoing day surgery. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(3), 320- 332. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20191
  • Matthyssens, L. E., Vanhulle, A., Seldenslach, L., Vander Stichele, G., Coppens, M., & Van Hoecke, E. (2020). A pilot study of the effectiveness of a serious game CliniPup® on perioperative anxiety and pain in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 55(2), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.031
  • Metlek, S. (2021). The effect of therapeutic game on the pain and anxiety levels of children and the anxiety levels of the parents in the before and after circium period. (Thesis No. 732978) [Master Thesis, Haliç University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Miftah, R., Tilahun, W., Fantahun, A., Adulkadir, S., & Gebrekirstos, K. (2017). Knowledge and factors associated with pain management for hospitalized children among nurses working in public hospitals in Mekelle City, North Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13104-017-2446-7
  • Miladinia, M., Baraz, S., & Zarea, K. (2016). Controlling acute post-operative pain in Iranian children with using of music therapy. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(5):1725-30. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2016.6742
  • Millett, C. R., & Gooding, L. F. (2017). Comparing active and passive distraction-based music therapy interventions on preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients and their caregivers. Journal of Music Therapy, 54(4), 460-478. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thx014
  • Nelson, K., Adamek, M., & Kleiber, C. (2017). Relaxation training and postoperative music therapy for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Pain Management Nursing, 18(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2016.10.005
  • Oğul, T., & Kurt, F. Y. (2021). Pediatri alanında aile merkezli bakıma yönelik yapılan çalışmaların retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. [Retrospective ınvestigation of studies on family-centered care in the field of pediatrics]. Journal of Infant, Child and Adolescent Health, 1(1), 11-20. https://jicah.com/index.php/pub/article/view/2
  • Özveren, H., & Uçar, H. (2009). Öğrenci hemşirelerin ağrı kontrolünde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan bazı yöntemlere ilişkin bilgileri. [The knowledge of student nurses on some non-pharmacological methods used in the pain control]. Hacettepe Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 16(3): 59-72. 5. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/88533
  • Özveren H. (2011). Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. [Non-Pharmacological methods at pain management]. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 18, 83-92. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hunhemsire/issue/7838/103252
  • Özveren, H., Faydalı, S., & Özdemir, S. (2016). Hemşirelerin ağrının farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerle kontrolüne ilişkin bilgi ve uygulamaları. [The knowledge and practices of nurses about pain management with non-pharmacological methods]. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 85(4), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.286714
  • Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ..., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
  • Pasero, C., & McCaffery, M. (2004). Comfort-Function Goals: A way to establish accountability for pain relief. The American Journal of Nursing, 104(9), 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200409000-00037
  • Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2001). Nonpharmacological methods in relieving children's postoperative pain: a survey on hospital nurses in Finland. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(4), 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01777
  • Pölkki, T., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Pietilä, A. M. (2002). Parents' roles in using non-pharmacological methods in their child's postoperative pain alleviation. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(4), 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00613.x
  • Rantala, A., Pikkarainen, M., & Pölkki, T. (2020b). Health specialists’ views on the needs for developing a digital gaming solution for paediatric day surgery: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(17-18), 3541-3552. 10.1111/jocn.15393
  • Rantala, A., Pikkarainen, M., Miettunen, J., He, H. G., & Pölkki, T. (2020a). The effectiveness of web-based mobile health interventions in paediatric outpatient surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(8), 1949-1960. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14381
  • Smith, H. S. (2009). Opioid metabolism. Mayo Clinic Proceedings Home, 84 (7), 613-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60750-7
  • Sng, Q. W., He, H. G., Wang, W., Taylor, B., Chow, A., Klainin-Yobas, P., & Zhu, L. (2017). A meta-synthesis of children's experiences of postoperative pain management. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12185
  • Staveski, S. L., Boulanger, K., Erman, L., Lin, L., Almgren, C., Journel, C., Roth, S. J., & Golianu, B. (2018). The impact of massage and reading on children's pain and anxiety after cardiovascular surgery: a pilot study. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 19(8), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001615
  • Topkaya, E. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Güncelleştirilmiş 5. Baskı. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 2(2), 113-118.
  • Tuncay, S. (2021). The effect of therapeutic game and animation initiative on the fear, anxiety and pain of children with circumcision surgery and anxiety of parents. (Thesis No. 666492) [Doctoral Thesis, Atatürk University].
  • Turgut, A. (2021). The effect of virtual reality application on anxiety, pain and family satisfaction in the perioperative process of children. (Thesis No. 661224) [Master Thesis, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Twycross, A., & Collis, S. (2013). How well is acute pain in children managed? A snapshot in one English hospital. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e204-e215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.01.003
  • Ullán, A. M., Belver, M. H., Fernández, E., Lorente, F., Badía, M., & Fernández, B. (2014). The effect of a program to promote play to reduce children's post-surgical pain: with plush toys, it hurts less. Pain Management Nursing, 15(1), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2012.10.004
  • Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde betimsel içerik analizi. [Descriptive content analysis in social sciences]. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (10), 188-201. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.871703
  • Wong, D. L., & Baker, C. M. (1988). Pain in children: Comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric Nursing, 14(1):9-17. PMID: 3344163.
  • Yardımcı, F. (2015). Akut ağrılı çocukların bakımı: cerrahi, işlemsel ve travmatik ağrı. (Ed.), Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastanın Hemşirelik Bakımı [Nursing care of the pediatric surgery patient] içinde (ss. 69-85). Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Yayan, E. H., Zengin, M., Düken, M. E., & Suna Dağ, Y. (2020). Reducing children's pain and parents' anxiety in the postoperative period: a therapeutic model in turkish sample. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 51, e33-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.07.004
  • Yılmaz, K. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde ve eğitim bilimlerinde sistematik derleme, meta değerlendirme ve bibliyometrik analizler. [Systematic review, meta evaluation, and bibliometric analysis in social sciences and educational sciences]. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(2), 1457-1490. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.791537
  • Yu, K. E., & Kim, J. S. (2021). Pediatric postoperative pain management in Korea: Parental attitudes toward pain and analgesics, self-efficacy, and pain management. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 58, e28-e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.002
  • Zieliński, J., Morawska-Kochman, M., & Zatoński, T. (2020). Pain assessment and management in children in the postoperative period: A review of the most commonly used postoperative pain assessment tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 29(3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/112600
There are 79 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pediatric Health and Illnesses Nursing
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Tuba Gıynaş 0000-0002-4738-0421

Ayçin Ezgi Önel 0000-0002-4720-6685

Sevgim Küçük 0000-0002-8322-9630

Seval Uğur 0000-0001-5228-9094

Figen Yardımcı 0000-0002-1550-985X

Publication Date
Submission Date February 4, 2024
Acceptance Date March 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gıynaş, T., Önel, A. E., Küçük, S., Uğur, S., et al. (n.d.). An Investigation of Using Non-Pharmacological Methods in Pain Management in Postoperative Period in Children: A Systematic Review. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 172-190. https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1431585

Qualified studies in the following fields can be published in the BSEU-FHSJ;

Health management, nursing, social work, midwifery, child development, occupational therapy, orthotics and prosthesis,
speech and language therapy, audiology, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, nutrition and dietetics, other multidisciplinary studies.

CC BY-NC 4.0

88x31.png

     2707_18db_Logo.webp