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Botanik Bahçelerinin Eğitsel Kapasitesi: Araştırma sonuçları ne söylüyor?

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 26 - 45, 30.06.2023

Dilan Bayındır

https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1301444

Abstract

Dünya genelinde botanik bahçelerinin, her yıl 750 milyondan fazla kişi tarafından ziyaret edildiği (BGCI, 2023) düşünüldüğünde, botanik bahçeleri iklim değişikliği, gıda güvenliği ve biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı gibi karşı karşıya olduğumuz küresel sorunların çözümünde önemli bir rol oynayabilir. Bunu başarabilmek için botanik bahçelerinin eğitim rolünün güçlendirilmesi, bu alanda bugüne kadar yapılmış araştırma sonuçların derlenmesi ve yeni yapılacak araştırmaların desteklenmesi önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, botanik bahçelerinin eğitim ve kamu bilinci geliştirme rolü ile ilgili yapılmış bilimsel araştırmalar hakkında derleme yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, botanik bahçelerinin eğitsel yönünü ele alan hakemli bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanan bilimsel çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Belirlenen ölçütlere uygun şekilde yapılan literatür taraması sonucu, otuz iki araştırmaya ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan içerik analizi ile botanik bahçelerinin eğitsel rolü, araştırmaların sonuçlarına göre sistematik olarak analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Keywords

botanik bahçeleri eğitim içerik analizi

References

  • Argaw, T. (2015). Opportunities of botanical garden in environmental and development education to support school based ınstruction in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 5(15), 92-110.
  • Avery, G. S. (1971). Botanic gardens can develop environmentalists. BioScience, 21 (14), 766-767. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. & Hughes, K. (2007). Environmental awareness, interests and motives of botanic gardens visitors: Implications for interpretive practice. Tourism Management 29 (3), 439–444.
  • Bayindir, D., & Seggie, F. N. (2015). Teachers’ personal and professional use of informal learning institutions: Focus on a botanic garden. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi (4), 143-155.
  • BGCI (2023). BGCI Joins European Commission’s Global Coalition for Biodiversity, Retrieved from https://www.bgci.org/news-events/bgci-joins-european-commissions-global-coalition-for-biodiversity 14 May 2023.
  • Blackmore, S., Gibby, M. & Rae, D. (2011). Strengthening the scientific contribution of botanic gardens to the second phase of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (3), 267–281.
  • Bowker, R. (2004). Children’s perceptions of plants following their visit to the Eden Project. Research in Science and Technological Education, 22 (2), 227–243.
  • Carleton-Hug, A., & Hug, J. W. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for evaluating environmental education programs. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(2), 159-164.
  • Catahan, N., & Woodruffe-Burton, H. (2019). The view, brew and loo: perceptions of botanic gardens? , Journal of Place Management and Development, 12 (1), 20-38. https:// doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-12-2017-0127
  • Chang, L. S., Bisgrove, R. J., & Liao, M. Y. (2008). Improving educational functions in botanic gardens by employing landscape narratives. Landscape and Urban Planning, 86(3-4), 233-247.
  • Chen, G., & Sun, W. (2018). The role of botanical gardens in scientific research, conservation, and citizen science. Plant diversity, 40(4), 181-188.
  • Dodd, J., & Jones, C. (2010). Redefining the role of botanic gardens – Towards a new social purpose. Leicester: Research Centre for Museum and Galleries (RCMG) and BGCI.
  • Eberbach, C. & Crowley, K. (2017). From seeing to observing: how parents and children learn to see science in a botanical garden, Journal of the Learning Sciences, 26(4), 608-642. DOI: 10.1080/10508406.2017.1308867
  • Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L.D. (2000). Learning from museums: visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw–Hill Companies.
  • Funsten, C., Di Franco, C., Borsellino, V., Surano, N., Asciuto, A., & Schimmenti, E. (2022). The recreational value of botanic garden events: A case study of the Zagara plant fair in Palermo, Italy. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39, 1-12.
  • Gaio-Oliveira, G., Delicado, A., & Martins-Loução, M. A. (2017). Botanic gardens as communicators of plant diversity and conservation. The Botanical Review, 83, 282-302.
  • Galbraith, J. (2003). Connecting with plants: Lessons for life. Curriculum Journal, 62, 82-83.
  • GSPC (2011). Retrieved from https://www.cbd.int/gspc/targets.shtml 14 May 2023.
  • Haywood, N. (2018). Beauty in the foreground, science behind the scenes’: Families’ views of science learning in a botanic garden. Environmental Education Research, 24(8), 1085-1101.
  • He, H. & Chen, J. (2012). Educational and enjoyment benefits of visitor education centers at botanical gardens. Biological Conservation, 149(1), 103-112.
  • Heywood, V. H. (1991). The background for education in botanic gardens. In J. Willison & P. Wyse Jackson. (Eds.) The First International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens: A natural environment for learning (pp. 16-25). UK: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Huang, T. C., Chen, C. C., & Chou, Y. W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education, 96, 72-82.
  • Kissi, L., & Dreesmann, D. (2018). Plant visibility through mobile learning? Implementation and evaluation of an interactive Flower Hunt in a botanic garden. Journal of Biological Education, 52(4), 344-363.
  • Kneebone, S. (2006). A global snapshot of botanic garden education provision – 2006 Retrieved from http://www.bgci.org/education/global_snapshot_edu_provis.
  • Kohlleppel, T., Bradley, J. C., & Jacob, S. (2002). A walk through the garden: Can a visit to a botanic garden reduce stress? HortTechnology, 12(3), 489-492.
  • Maclean, I. M. D., & Wilson, R.J. (2011). Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (30), 12337–12342.
  • Michener, D.C., & I.J. Schultz (2002). Through the garden gate: Objects and informal education for environmental and cultural awareness in arboreta and botanic gardens. In Perspectives on object-centered learning in museums, Scott G. Paris (Eds.)., 95–111. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Murray, D., Price, B., & Crilley, G. (2007). Advocacy and visitation levels in Australian Botanic Gardens: Process and outcome benefits. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 25(3), 67-88.
  • Morgan, S. C., Hamilton, S. L., Bentley, M. L., & Myrie, S. (2009). Environmental education in botanic gardens: Exploring Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Project Green reach. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(4), 35-52.
  • Mounce, R., Smith, P. & Brockington, S. (2017). Ex situ conservation of plant diversity in the world’s botanic gardens, Nature Plants, 3(10), 795-802.
  • Postolache, S., Torres, R., Afonso, A. P., Carmo, M. B., Cláudio, A. P., Domingos, D., ... & Redweik, P. (2022). Contributions to the design of mobile applications for visitors of Botanical Gardens. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 389-399.
  • Razak, M. A. W. A., Othman, N., & Nazir, N. N. M. (2016). Connecting people with nature: Urban park and human well-being. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 476-484.
  • Salvarci, S., & Aylan, F. K. (2021). Visitor comments about botanic parks and gardens in the context of botanical tourism. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 8(2), 173-183.
  • Sanders, D. L. (2007). Making public the private life of plants: The contribution of informal learning environments, International Journal of Science Education, 29 (10), 1209-1228. DOI: 10.1080/09500690600951549
  • Sellmann, D. (2014). Environmental education on climate change in a botanical garden: Adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and conceptions, Environmental Education Research, 20 (2), 286-287. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2013.870130
  • Sellmann, D. & Bogner, F.X. (2013a). Climate change education: quantitatively assessing the impact of a botanical garden as an informal learning environment, Environmental Education Research, 19 (4), 415-429. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2012.700696
  • Sellmann, D., & Bogner, F. X. (2013b). Effects of a 1-day environmental education intervention on environmental attitudes and connectedness with nature. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 1077-1086.
  • Stern, M.J., Powell, R.B. & Ardoin, N.M. (2008). What difference does it make? Assessing outcomes from participation in a residential environmental education program. The Journal of Environmental Education 39 (4), 31–43.
  • Stewart, K. (2002). What learning? What theory? In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia 2002.
  • Tampoukou, A., Papafotiou, M., Koutsouris, A. & Paraskevopoulou,A. T. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions οn the use of botanic gardens as a means of environmental education in schools and the enhancement of school student benefits from botanic garden visits, Landscape Research, 40 (5), 610-620. DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2014.947250
  • Truong, S., Gray, T., & Ward, K. (2022). Enhancing urban nature and place-making in social housing through community gardening. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 72, 1-8.
  • Tunnicliffe, S.D. (2001). Talking about plants – comments of primary school groups looking at plant exhibits in a botanical garden. Journal of Biological Education, 36 (1), 27–34.
  • Vergou, A. (2010). An Exploration of Botanic Garden – School Collaborations and Student Environmental Learning Experiences, [Unpublished PhD thesis]. University of Bath.
  • Vergou, A. & Willison, J. (2014). Relating social inclusion and environmental issues in botanic gardens, Environmental Education Research, 22(1), 21-42. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2014.984161 Ward, C. D., Parker, C. M., & Shackleton, C. M. (2010). The use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9(1), 49-55.
  • Wassenberg, C. L., Goldenberg, M.A. & Soule, K.E.. (2015). Benefits of botanical garden visitation: A means-end study. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 14: 148–155.
  • Wiegand, F., Kubisch, A., & Heyne, T. (2013). Out-of-school learning in the botanical garden: guided or self-determined learning at workstations? Studies in Educational Evaluation, 39(3), 161-168.
  • Willison, J. (2006). Education for sustainable development: Guidelines for action in botanic gardens. Richmond, VA: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J. (2004). Education for sustainable development: Guidelines for action in botanic gardens, U.K.: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J. (1993). An environmental education strategy for botanic gardens. In Rodrigo Perez, J. D. (Ed.), The Second International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens: Cultivating green awareness (pp.29-36). U.K.: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J., & Green, J. (1994). Environmental education in botanic gardens: Guidelines for developing individual strategies. Richmond, UK: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Williams, S. J., Jones, J. P., Gibbons, J. M., & Clubbe, C. (2015). Botanic gardens can positively influence visitors’ environmental attitudes. Biodiversity and Conservation, 24(7), 1609-1620.
  • Wyse Jackson, P. S. (1999). Experimentation on a large scale – An analysis of the holdings and resources of botanic gardens. BGC News 3: 3.
  • Yilmaz, S., Vural, H., & Yilmaz, H. (2023). Effects of botanical gardens on student environmental perception. Ecological Informatics, 73, 1-11.
  • Zhai J. (2012). Engaging Children in Learning Ecological Science: Two Botanic Garden Educators’ Pedagogical Practices. In: Tan K., Kim M. (Eds.) Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Zelenika, I., Moreau, T., Lane, O. & Zhao, J. (2018) Sustainability education in a botanical garden promotes environmental knowledge, attitudes and willingness to act, Environmental Education Research, 24(11), 1581-1596. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2018.1492705

Educational Capacity of Botanical Gardens: What do the research results say?

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 26 - 45, 30.06.2023

Dilan Bayındır

https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1301444

Abstract

Considering that they have been visited by more than 750 million people each year (BGCI, 2023), botanical gardens can play an important role in solving the global problems we face such as climate change, food security, and loss of biodiversity. In order to achieve this, it is recommended to strengthen the educational role of botanical gardens, to review the research results made so far in this field, and to support new research. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to review the scientific research on the education and public awareness role of botanical gardens. Within the scope of this research, scientific studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals on educational aspects of botanical gardens were reviewed. Thirty-two studies were reached as a result of the literature review carried out in accordance with the determined criteria. With the content analysis, the educational role of botanical gardens was systematically analyzed and interpreted according to research findings.

Keywords

botanical gardens education content analysis

References

  • Argaw, T. (2015). Opportunities of botanical garden in environmental and development education to support school based ınstruction in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 5(15), 92-110.
  • Avery, G. S. (1971). Botanic gardens can develop environmentalists. BioScience, 21 (14), 766-767. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. & Hughes, K. (2007). Environmental awareness, interests and motives of botanic gardens visitors: Implications for interpretive practice. Tourism Management 29 (3), 439–444.
  • Bayindir, D., & Seggie, F. N. (2015). Teachers’ personal and professional use of informal learning institutions: Focus on a botanic garden. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi (4), 143-155.
  • BGCI (2023). BGCI Joins European Commission’s Global Coalition for Biodiversity, Retrieved from https://www.bgci.org/news-events/bgci-joins-european-commissions-global-coalition-for-biodiversity 14 May 2023.
  • Blackmore, S., Gibby, M. & Rae, D. (2011). Strengthening the scientific contribution of botanic gardens to the second phase of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 166 (3), 267–281.
  • Bowker, R. (2004). Children’s perceptions of plants following their visit to the Eden Project. Research in Science and Technological Education, 22 (2), 227–243.
  • Carleton-Hug, A., & Hug, J. W. (2010). Challenges and opportunities for evaluating environmental education programs. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(2), 159-164.
  • Catahan, N., & Woodruffe-Burton, H. (2019). The view, brew and loo: perceptions of botanic gardens? , Journal of Place Management and Development, 12 (1), 20-38. https:// doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-12-2017-0127
  • Chang, L. S., Bisgrove, R. J., & Liao, M. Y. (2008). Improving educational functions in botanic gardens by employing landscape narratives. Landscape and Urban Planning, 86(3-4), 233-247.
  • Chen, G., & Sun, W. (2018). The role of botanical gardens in scientific research, conservation, and citizen science. Plant diversity, 40(4), 181-188.
  • Dodd, J., & Jones, C. (2010). Redefining the role of botanic gardens – Towards a new social purpose. Leicester: Research Centre for Museum and Galleries (RCMG) and BGCI.
  • Eberbach, C. & Crowley, K. (2017). From seeing to observing: how parents and children learn to see science in a botanical garden, Journal of the Learning Sciences, 26(4), 608-642. DOI: 10.1080/10508406.2017.1308867
  • Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L.D. (2000). Learning from museums: visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw–Hill Companies.
  • Funsten, C., Di Franco, C., Borsellino, V., Surano, N., Asciuto, A., & Schimmenti, E. (2022). The recreational value of botanic garden events: A case study of the Zagara plant fair in Palermo, Italy. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39, 1-12.
  • Gaio-Oliveira, G., Delicado, A., & Martins-Loução, M. A. (2017). Botanic gardens as communicators of plant diversity and conservation. The Botanical Review, 83, 282-302.
  • Galbraith, J. (2003). Connecting with plants: Lessons for life. Curriculum Journal, 62, 82-83.
  • GSPC (2011). Retrieved from https://www.cbd.int/gspc/targets.shtml 14 May 2023.
  • Haywood, N. (2018). Beauty in the foreground, science behind the scenes’: Families’ views of science learning in a botanic garden. Environmental Education Research, 24(8), 1085-1101.
  • He, H. & Chen, J. (2012). Educational and enjoyment benefits of visitor education centers at botanical gardens. Biological Conservation, 149(1), 103-112.
  • Heywood, V. H. (1991). The background for education in botanic gardens. In J. Willison & P. Wyse Jackson. (Eds.) The First International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens: A natural environment for learning (pp. 16-25). UK: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Huang, T. C., Chen, C. C., & Chou, Y. W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education, 96, 72-82.
  • Kissi, L., & Dreesmann, D. (2018). Plant visibility through mobile learning? Implementation and evaluation of an interactive Flower Hunt in a botanic garden. Journal of Biological Education, 52(4), 344-363.
  • Kneebone, S. (2006). A global snapshot of botanic garden education provision – 2006 Retrieved from http://www.bgci.org/education/global_snapshot_edu_provis.
  • Kohlleppel, T., Bradley, J. C., & Jacob, S. (2002). A walk through the garden: Can a visit to a botanic garden reduce stress? HortTechnology, 12(3), 489-492.
  • Maclean, I. M. D., & Wilson, R.J. (2011). Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (30), 12337–12342.
  • Michener, D.C., & I.J. Schultz (2002). Through the garden gate: Objects and informal education for environmental and cultural awareness in arboreta and botanic gardens. In Perspectives on object-centered learning in museums, Scott G. Paris (Eds.)., 95–111. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Murray, D., Price, B., & Crilley, G. (2007). Advocacy and visitation levels in Australian Botanic Gardens: Process and outcome benefits. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 25(3), 67-88.
  • Morgan, S. C., Hamilton, S. L., Bentley, M. L., & Myrie, S. (2009). Environmental education in botanic gardens: Exploring Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Project Green reach. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(4), 35-52.
  • Mounce, R., Smith, P. & Brockington, S. (2017). Ex situ conservation of plant diversity in the world’s botanic gardens, Nature Plants, 3(10), 795-802.
  • Postolache, S., Torres, R., Afonso, A. P., Carmo, M. B., Cláudio, A. P., Domingos, D., ... & Redweik, P. (2022). Contributions to the design of mobile applications for visitors of Botanical Gardens. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 389-399.
  • Razak, M. A. W. A., Othman, N., & Nazir, N. N. M. (2016). Connecting people with nature: Urban park and human well-being. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 476-484.
  • Salvarci, S., & Aylan, F. K. (2021). Visitor comments about botanic parks and gardens in the context of botanical tourism. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 8(2), 173-183.
  • Sanders, D. L. (2007). Making public the private life of plants: The contribution of informal learning environments, International Journal of Science Education, 29 (10), 1209-1228. DOI: 10.1080/09500690600951549
  • Sellmann, D. (2014). Environmental education on climate change in a botanical garden: Adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and conceptions, Environmental Education Research, 20 (2), 286-287. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2013.870130
  • Sellmann, D. & Bogner, F.X. (2013a). Climate change education: quantitatively assessing the impact of a botanical garden as an informal learning environment, Environmental Education Research, 19 (4), 415-429. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2012.700696
  • Sellmann, D., & Bogner, F. X. (2013b). Effects of a 1-day environmental education intervention on environmental attitudes and connectedness with nature. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 1077-1086.
  • Stern, M.J., Powell, R.B. & Ardoin, N.M. (2008). What difference does it make? Assessing outcomes from participation in a residential environmental education program. The Journal of Environmental Education 39 (4), 31–43.
  • Stewart, K. (2002). What learning? What theory? In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia 2002.
  • Tampoukou, A., Papafotiou, M., Koutsouris, A. & Paraskevopoulou,A. T. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions οn the use of botanic gardens as a means of environmental education in schools and the enhancement of school student benefits from botanic garden visits, Landscape Research, 40 (5), 610-620. DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2014.947250
  • Truong, S., Gray, T., & Ward, K. (2022). Enhancing urban nature and place-making in social housing through community gardening. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 72, 1-8.
  • Tunnicliffe, S.D. (2001). Talking about plants – comments of primary school groups looking at plant exhibits in a botanical garden. Journal of Biological Education, 36 (1), 27–34.
  • Vergou, A. (2010). An Exploration of Botanic Garden – School Collaborations and Student Environmental Learning Experiences, [Unpublished PhD thesis]. University of Bath.
  • Vergou, A. & Willison, J. (2014). Relating social inclusion and environmental issues in botanic gardens, Environmental Education Research, 22(1), 21-42. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2014.984161 Ward, C. D., Parker, C. M., & Shackleton, C. M. (2010). The use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9(1), 49-55.
  • Wassenberg, C. L., Goldenberg, M.A. & Soule, K.E.. (2015). Benefits of botanical garden visitation: A means-end study. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 14: 148–155.
  • Wiegand, F., Kubisch, A., & Heyne, T. (2013). Out-of-school learning in the botanical garden: guided or self-determined learning at workstations? Studies in Educational Evaluation, 39(3), 161-168.
  • Willison, J. (2006). Education for sustainable development: Guidelines for action in botanic gardens. Richmond, VA: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J. (2004). Education for sustainable development: Guidelines for action in botanic gardens, U.K.: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J. (1993). An environmental education strategy for botanic gardens. In Rodrigo Perez, J. D. (Ed.), The Second International Congress on Education in Botanic Gardens: Cultivating green awareness (pp.29-36). U.K.: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Willison, J., & Green, J. (1994). Environmental education in botanic gardens: Guidelines for developing individual strategies. Richmond, UK: Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  • Williams, S. J., Jones, J. P., Gibbons, J. M., & Clubbe, C. (2015). Botanic gardens can positively influence visitors’ environmental attitudes. Biodiversity and Conservation, 24(7), 1609-1620.
  • Wyse Jackson, P. S. (1999). Experimentation on a large scale – An analysis of the holdings and resources of botanic gardens. BGC News 3: 3.
  • Yilmaz, S., Vural, H., & Yilmaz, H. (2023). Effects of botanical gardens on student environmental perception. Ecological Informatics, 73, 1-11.
  • Zhai J. (2012). Engaging Children in Learning Ecological Science: Two Botanic Garden Educators’ Pedagogical Practices. In: Tan K., Kim M. (Eds.) Issues and Challenges in Science Education Research. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Zelenika, I., Moreau, T., Lane, O. & Zhao, J. (2018) Sustainability education in a botanical garden promotes environmental knowledge, attitudes and willingness to act, Environmental Education Research, 24(11), 1581-1596. DOI: 10.1080/13504622.2018.1492705
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Dilan Bayındır 0000-0002-6081-3690

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date May 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayındır, D. (2023). Educational Capacity of Botanical Gardens: What do the research results say?. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen Ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 17(1), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1301444
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