Research Article
My English Teacher is like an Angel and Learning English is like a Mirror: Echoes from Turkish EFL Learners
Abstract
This study sets out to investigate the metaphors created by Turkish EFL learners towards English language teacher and learning English. The researcher uses a self-designed metaphor elicitation sheet with an incomplete sentence from twenty-four participants to gather data by designing a cross-sectional survey. The findings indicate that the participants mostly hold positive images towards both the English language teacher and learning English. Additionally, the learners’ explaining reasons for the metaphors that describe English language teacher and learning English shed light into their opinions towards those concepts, which provides leverage to the teacher so as to construct an efficient learning environment for the language learners.
References
- Ahkemoğlu, H. (2011). A study on metaphorical perceptions of EFL learners regarding foreign language teacher [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
- Akbari, M. (2013). Metaphors about EFL teachers’ roles: A case of Iranian non-English major students. IJ-ELTS: International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 1(2), 100-112.
- Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards ICC in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64.
- Bracken, B. A., & Barona, A. (1991). State of the art procedures for translating, validating and using psychoeducational tests in cross-cultural assessment. School Psychology International, 12(1-2), 119-132.
- Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216.
- Byram, M., Gribkova, B. & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. Strasbourg: Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe. Retrievedfromhttp://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/source/guide_dimintercult_en.pdf.
- Chapman, D. W., & Carter, J. F. (1979). Translation procedures for the cross cultural use of measurement instruments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1(3), 71-76.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. USA: Routledge.
- Dai, Y., Wu, Z., & Dai, L. (2015). The relationships among motivation, learning styles and English proficiency in EFL music students. International Journal of English Linguistics, 5(6), 75-83.
- De Guerrero, M.C. & Villamil, O.S. (2001). Metaphor analysis in second/foreign languageinstruction: A sociocultural perspective. Retrieved January 30, 2020 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED461990.pdf.
- Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31(3), 117-135.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The psychology of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University.
- Dörnyei, Z.,& Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching: Motivation. Great Britain: Pearson.
- Ellis, R. (2001). The metaphorical constructions of second language learners. In M. Breen (Ed.), Learner contributions to language learning: New directions in research (pp. 65-85). Harlow, UK: Longman.
- Erarslan, A. & Asmalı, M. (2017). From students' perspectives: EFL learners' metaphors about English instructors in Turkey. Uludağ Üniversites iEğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 419-442.
- Fantini, A. E. (1995). Language: its cultural and intercultural dimensions. Adapted from Language, culture and worldview: exploring the nexus. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19, 143–153.
- Farrell, T. S. (2016). The teacher is a facilitator: reflecting on ESL teacher beliefs through metaphor analysis. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 4(1), 1-10.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Genç, G. (2017). Turkish EFL learners’ metaphorical conceptualizations of language learning. International Journal of Language Academy, 5(6), 284-295.
- Given, L. M. (ed.). (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. USA: SAGE.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. New York: Aldine.
- Gokmen, M. E. (2005). Yabancı dil öğretiminde kültürlerarası iletişimsel edinç. Dil Dergisi, (128), 69–77.
- Holec, H. (1979). Autonomy and foreign language learning. England: Pergamon.
- Holman, C. H. (1980). A handbook to literature. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
- Hornby, A. S. (2000). Oxford advanced learner's dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University.
- Kamberi, L. (2014). Using metaphors in language teaching and learning. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 92-97.
- Kesen, A. (2010a). Foreign language teacher on the spot: A study on metaphorical images of EFL teachers and learners. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 185- 191.
- Kesen, A. (2010b). Turkish EFL learners 'metaphors with respect to English language coursebooks. Novitas-ROYAL(Research on Youth and Language), 4(1), 108-118.
- Knowles, M.,& Moon, R. (2006). Introducing metaphor. London, New York: Routledge.
- Lakoff, G.,& Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. USA: The University of Chicago.
- Levin, S. R. (1982). Aristotle's theory of metaphor. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 15(1), 24-46.
- Martı́nez, M. A., Sauleda, N.,& Huber, G. L. (2001). Metaphors as blueprints of thinking about teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(8), 965-977.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. USA: SAGE.
- Nikitina, L., &Furuoka, F. (2008). " A language teacher is like...": examining Malaysian students' perceptions of language teachers through metaphor analysis. Online Submission, 5(2), 192-205.
- Oktay, Y. B., &Osam, Ü. V. (2013). Viewing foreign language teachers' roles through the eyes of teachers and students. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(44), 249-261.
- Oxford, R. L., Tomlinson, S., Barcelos, A., Harrington, C., Lavine, R. Z., Saleh, A., & Longhini, A. (1998). Clashing metaphors about classroom teachers: Toward a systematic typology for the language teaching field. System, 26(1), 3-50.
- Ozdemir, E. (2004). Attitudes of Turkish pre-service English language teachers towards other cultures in intercultural communication context [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Istanbul University, İstanbul.
- Provenzo, E. F., McCloskey, G. N., Kottkamp, R. B., & Cohn, M. M., (1989). Metaphor and meaning in the language of teachers. Teachers College Record, 90(4), 551-573.
- Wan, W., Low, G. D., & Li, M. (2011). From students’ and teachers’ perspectives: Metaphor analysis of beliefs about EFL teachers’ roles. System, 39(3), 403-415.
- Zhao, H., Coombs, S., & Zhou, X. (2010). Developing professional knowledge about teachers through metaphor research: Facilitating a process of change. Teacher Development, 14(3), 381-395.
İngilizce Öğretmenim Melek Gibi ve İngilizce Öğrenmek Ayna Gibi: Türk İngilizce Öğrencilerinden Yansımalar
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türk öğrencilerin İngilizce öğretmenine ve İngilizce öğrenmeye yönelik oluşturdukları metaforlar araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmacı kesitsel bir çalışma kullanarak kendi oluşturduğu tamamlanmamış cümle içeren metafor yoluyla datayı yirmi dört katılımcıdan toplamıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre katılımcıların hem İngilizce öğretmenine hem de İngilizce öğrenmeye çoğunlukla olumlu tutumları mevcuttur. Ayrıca katılımcıların İngilizce öğretmeninin ve İngilizce öğrenmeyi tanımlayan metaforlarının nedenlerini açıklamaları bu kavramlara yönelik bakış açılarına ışık tutmaktadır ki bu durum öğretmene dil öğrenenlere verimli bir öğrenme ortamı kurması açısından avantaj sağlamaktadır.
References
- Ahkemoğlu, H. (2011). A study on metaphorical perceptions of EFL learners regarding foreign language teacher [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
- Akbari, M. (2013). Metaphors about EFL teachers’ roles: A case of Iranian non-English major students. IJ-ELTS: International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 1(2), 100-112.
- Alptekin, C. (2002). Towards ICC in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57–64.
- Bracken, B. A., & Barona, A. (1991). State of the art procedures for translating, validating and using psychoeducational tests in cross-cultural assessment. School Psychology International, 12(1-2), 119-132.
- Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216.
- Byram, M., Gribkova, B. & Starkey, H. (2002). Developing the intercultural dimension in language teaching: a practical introduction for teachers. Strasbourg: Language Policy Division, Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education, Council of Europe. Retrievedfromhttp://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/source/guide_dimintercult_en.pdf.
- Chapman, D. W., & Carter, J. F. (1979). Translation procedures for the cross cultural use of measurement instruments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1(3), 71-76.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. USA: Routledge.
- Dai, Y., Wu, Z., & Dai, L. (2015). The relationships among motivation, learning styles and English proficiency in EFL music students. International Journal of English Linguistics, 5(6), 75-83.
- De Guerrero, M.C. & Villamil, O.S. (2001). Metaphor analysis in second/foreign languageinstruction: A sociocultural perspective. Retrieved January 30, 2020 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED461990.pdf.
- Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31(3), 117-135.
- Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The psychology of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University.
- Dörnyei, Z.,& Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching: Motivation. Great Britain: Pearson.
- Ellis, R. (2001). The metaphorical constructions of second language learners. In M. Breen (Ed.), Learner contributions to language learning: New directions in research (pp. 65-85). Harlow, UK: Longman.
- Erarslan, A. & Asmalı, M. (2017). From students' perspectives: EFL learners' metaphors about English instructors in Turkey. Uludağ Üniversites iEğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 419-442.
- Fantini, A. E. (1995). Language: its cultural and intercultural dimensions. Adapted from Language, culture and worldview: exploring the nexus. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19, 143–153.
- Farrell, T. S. (2016). The teacher is a facilitator: reflecting on ESL teacher beliefs through metaphor analysis. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 4(1), 1-10.
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Genç, G. (2017). Turkish EFL learners’ metaphorical conceptualizations of language learning. International Journal of Language Academy, 5(6), 284-295.
- Given, L. M. (ed.). (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. USA: SAGE.
- Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. New York: Aldine.
- Gokmen, M. E. (2005). Yabancı dil öğretiminde kültürlerarası iletişimsel edinç. Dil Dergisi, (128), 69–77.
- Holec, H. (1979). Autonomy and foreign language learning. England: Pergamon.
- Holman, C. H. (1980). A handbook to literature. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
- Hornby, A. S. (2000). Oxford advanced learner's dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University.
- Kamberi, L. (2014). Using metaphors in language teaching and learning. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 92-97.
- Kesen, A. (2010a). Foreign language teacher on the spot: A study on metaphorical images of EFL teachers and learners. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 185- 191.
- Kesen, A. (2010b). Turkish EFL learners 'metaphors with respect to English language coursebooks. Novitas-ROYAL(Research on Youth and Language), 4(1), 108-118.
- Knowles, M.,& Moon, R. (2006). Introducing metaphor. London, New York: Routledge.
- Lakoff, G.,& Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. USA: The University of Chicago.
- Levin, S. R. (1982). Aristotle's theory of metaphor. Philosophy & Rhetoric, 15(1), 24-46.
- Martı́nez, M. A., Sauleda, N.,& Huber, G. L. (2001). Metaphors as blueprints of thinking about teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(8), 965-977.
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. USA: SAGE.
- Nikitina, L., &Furuoka, F. (2008). " A language teacher is like...": examining Malaysian students' perceptions of language teachers through metaphor analysis. Online Submission, 5(2), 192-205.
- Oktay, Y. B., &Osam, Ü. V. (2013). Viewing foreign language teachers' roles through the eyes of teachers and students. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(44), 249-261.
- Oxford, R. L., Tomlinson, S., Barcelos, A., Harrington, C., Lavine, R. Z., Saleh, A., & Longhini, A. (1998). Clashing metaphors about classroom teachers: Toward a systematic typology for the language teaching field. System, 26(1), 3-50.
- Ozdemir, E. (2004). Attitudes of Turkish pre-service English language teachers towards other cultures in intercultural communication context [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Istanbul University, İstanbul.
- Provenzo, E. F., McCloskey, G. N., Kottkamp, R. B., & Cohn, M. M., (1989). Metaphor and meaning in the language of teachers. Teachers College Record, 90(4), 551-573.
- Wan, W., Low, G. D., & Li, M. (2011). From students’ and teachers’ perspectives: Metaphor analysis of beliefs about EFL teachers’ roles. System, 39(3), 403-415.
- Zhao, H., Coombs, S., & Zhou, X. (2010). Developing professional knowledge about teachers through metaphor research: Facilitating a process of change. Teacher Development, 14(3), 381-395.
There are 40 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | English As A Second Language |
| Journal Section | Education |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 25, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 28, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 4 |
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